| 词条 | 1996 Andalusian regional election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = 1996 Andalusian regional election | country = Andalusia | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = 1994 Andalusian regional election | previous_year = 1994 | next_election = 2000 Andalusian regional election | next_year = 2000 | outgoing_members = | elected_members = | seats_for_election = All 109 seats in the Parliament of Andalusia | majority_seats = 55 | opinion_polls = 1996 Andalusian regional election#Opinion polls | registered = 5,577,567 {{small|3.5%}} | turnout = 4,347,193 (77.9%) 10.6 pp | election_date = 3 March 1996 | image1 = | leader1 = Manuel Chaves | party1 = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia | leader_since1 = 19 April 1990 | leaders_seat1 = Cádiz | last_election1 = 45 seats, 38.7% | seats1 = 52 | seat_change1 = 7 | popular_vote1 = 1,903,160 | percentage1 = 44.1% | swing1 = 5.4 pp | image2 = | leader2 = Javier Arenas | party2 = People's Party of Andalusia | leader_since2 = 25 July 1993 | leaders_seat2 = Seville | last_election2 = 41 seats, 34.4% | seats2 = 40 | seat_change2 = 1 | popular_vote2 = 1,466,980 | percentage2 = 34.0% | swing2 = 0.4 pp | image3 = | leader3 = Luis Carlos Rejón | party3 = United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia | leader_since3 = 21 July 1988 | leaders_seat3 = Córdoba | last_election3 = 20 seats, 19.1% | seats3 = 13 | seat_change3 = 7 | popular_vote3 = 603,495 | percentage3 = 14.0% | swing3 = 5.1 pp | image4 = | leader4 = Pedro Pacheco | party4 = Andalusian Party | leader_since4 = 1994 | leaders_seat4 = Cádiz | last_election4 = 3 seats, 5.8%{{efn|Data for PA–PAP in the 1994 election.}} | seats4 = 4 | seat_change4 = 1 | popular_vote4 = 287,764 | percentage4 = 6.7% | swing4 = 0.9 pp | map_image = AndalusiaProvinceMapParliament1996.png | map_size = 375px | map_caption = Constituency results map for the Parliament of Andalusia | title = President | before_election = Manuel Chaves | before_party = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia | after_election = Manuel Chaves | after_party = Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia }} The 1996 Andalusian regional election was held on Sunday, 3 March 1996, to elect the 5th Parliament of the Autonomous Community of Andalusia. All 109 seats in the Parliament were up for election. The election was held simultaneously with the 1996 Spanish general election. The 1994 election had resulted in a hung parliament. Manuel Chaves had formed a minority government of the Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia (PSOE–A), but was forced to dissolve the Parliament and call a snap election for March 1996 after barely twenty months into his term, as a result of the conservative People's Party (PP) and left-wing United Left (IULV–CA) joining into an unofficial alliance (dubbed as la pinza, Spanish for "the clamp") to block the Chaves government's parliamentary action. Scandals rocking Felipe González's national government and favourable opinion polls were among the reasons that led the two parties to team up to bring down the PSOE regional government.[1][2] Despite opinion polls predicting a likely PSOE defeat, the election result was a major upset: the PSOE gained over 500,000 votes and 7 seats compared to the previous election and won a resounding victory as the PP stagnated and the IU vote collapsed. At 77.9%, turnout was the highest ever registered for a regional election in Andalusia.[3][4][5] This result allowed Chaves to form a coalition government with the Andalusian Party (PA), ending the period of political turmoil that had dominated the previous legislature.[6][7] OverviewElectoral systemThe Parliament of Andalusia was the devolved, unicameral legislature of the autonomous community of Andalusia, having legislative power in regional matters as defined by the Spanish Constitution and the Andalusian Statute of Autonomy, as well as the ability to vote confidence in or withdraw it from a President of the Regional Government.[8] Voting for the Parliament was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen, registered in Andalusia and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The 109 members of the Parliament of Andalusia were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with a threshold of 3 percent of valid votes—which included blank ballots—being applied in each constituency. Parties not reaching the threshold were not taken into consideration for seat distribution. Additionally, the use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold over three percent, depending on the district magnitude.[9] Seats were allocated to constituencies, corresponding to the provinces of Almería, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Málaga and Seville. Each constituency was entitled to an initial minimum of eight seats, with the remaining 45 allocated among the constituencies in proportion to their populations on the condition that the number of seats in each province did not exceed two times that of any other.[8][10] The electoral law provided that parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors were allowed to present lists of candidates. However, groupings of electors were required to secure the signature of at least 1 percent of the electors registered in the constituency for which they sought election. Electors were barred from signing for more than one list of candidates. Concurrently, parties and federations intending to enter in coalition to take part jointly at an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election being called.[10][11][12] Election dateThe term of the Parliament of Andalusia expired four years after the date of its previous election, unless it was dissolved earlier. Election day was to take place between the thirtieth and the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament barring any date within from 1 July to 31 August. The previous election was held on 12 June 1994, which meant that the legislature's term would have expired on 12 June 1998. The election was required to take place no later than the sixtieth day from the date of expiry of parliament on the condition that it was not held between 1 July and 31 August, setting the latest possible election date for the Parliament on Tuesday, 30 June 1998.[8][10][13][14][15] After legal amendments in 1994, the President of the Regional Government was granted the prerogative to dissolve the Parliament of Andalusia and call a snap election, provided that no motion of no confidence was in process and that dissolution did not occur before one year had elapsed since the previous one. In the event of an investiture process failing to elect a regional President within a two-month period from the first ballot, the candidate from the party with the highest number of seats was to be deemed automatically elected.[8][13][14][15] Opinion pollsThe table below lists voting intention estimates in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first and using the dates when the survey fieldwork was done, as opposed to the date of publication. Where the fieldwork dates are unknown, the date of publication is given instead. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed with its background shaded in the leading party's colour. If a tie ensues, this is applied to the figures with the highest percentages. The "Lead" column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the parties with the highest percentages in a given poll. When available, seat projections are also displayed below the voting estimates in a smaller font. 55 seats were required for an absolute majority in the Parliament of Andalusia.
ResultsOverall
|title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars={{bar percent|PSOE–A|{{Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia/meta/color}}|44.05}}{{bar percent|PP|{{People's Party of Andalusia/meta/color}}|33.96}}{{bar percent|IULV–CA|{{United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia/meta/color}}|13.97}}{{bar percent|PA|{{Andalusian Party/meta/color}}|6.66}}{{bar percent|Others|#777777|0.59}}{{bar percent|Blank ballots|#DDDDDD|0.77}} }}{{bar box |title=Seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=550px |barwidth=500px |bars={{bar percent|PSOE–A|{{Spanish Socialist Workers' Party of Andalusia/meta/color}}|47.70}}{{bar percent|PP|{{People's Party of Andalusia/meta/color}}|36.70}}{{bar percent|IULV–CA|{{United Left/The Greens–Assembly for Andalusia/meta/color}}|11.93}}{{bar percent|PA|{{Andalusian Party/meta/color}}|3.67}} }} Distribution by constituency
Aftermath
Notes{{notelist}}References
1. ^{{cite news |date=23 November 1995 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1995/11/23/espana/817081220_850215.html |title=Chaves anuncia elecciones anticipadas en Andalucía al ser rechazados los presupuestos |language=Spanish |work=El País |access-date=5 December 2018}} 2. ^{{cite news |date=24 March 2015 |url=https://www.abc.es/espana/20150324/abci-andalucia-gobierno-minoria-201503201725.html |title=La «pinza» acabó en veinte meses con el único gobierno en minoría de Andalucía |language=Spanish |work=ABC |access-date=5 December 2018}} 3. ^{{cite news |date=4 March 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/04/espana/825894054_850215.html |title=Chaves logra el quinto triunfo consecutivo del PSOE |language=Spanish |work=El País |access-date=5 December 2018}} 4. ^{{cite news |date=4 March 1996 |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1996/03/04/pagina-32/33884932/pdf.html |title=Los socialistas conservan su feudo andaluz |language=Spanish |work=La Vanguardia |access-date=6 December 2018}} 5. ^{{cite news |date=5 March 1996 |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1996/03/05/pagina-31/33926719/pdf.html |title=El estrepitoso final de la "pinza" |language=Spanish |work=La Vanguardia |access-date=6 December 2018}} 6. ^{{cite news |date=5 March 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/03/05/espana/825980456_850215.html |title=Los socialistas andaluces se decantan por un pacto con el PA |language=Spanish |work=El País |access-date=7 December 2018}} 7. ^{{cite news |date=14 April 1996 |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/04/14/espana/829432809_850215.html |title=Chaves incorpora a dos andalucistas a su Gobierno |language=Spanish |work=El País |access-date=7 December 2018}} 8. ^1 2 3 {{cite act |title=Statute of Autonomy for Andalusia of 1981 |type=Organic Law |number=2 |work=Official State Gazette |language=Spanish |date=30 December 1981 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1982-633 |accessdate=16 September 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web |last=Gallagher |first=Michael |date=30 July 2012 |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170730092518/http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |title=Effective threshold in electoral systems |publisher=Trinity College, Dublin |accessdate=22 July 2017}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite act |title=Andalusia Electoral Law of 1986 |type=Law |number=1 |work=Official Gazette of the Junta of Andalusia |language=Spanish |date=2 January 1986 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1986-2788&tn=1&p=19940525 |accessdate=16 September 2017}} 11. ^{{cite act |title=General Electoral System Organic Law of 1985 |type=Organic Law |number=5 |work=Official State Gazette |language=Spanish |date=19 June 1985 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/act.php?id=BOE-A-1985-11672&tn=1&p=19951124 |accessdate=28 December 2016}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/cs/jec/documentos/LOREG_ENG |title=Representation of the people Institutional Act |author= |date= |website=juntaelectoralcentral.es |publisher=Central Electoral Commission |accessdate=16 June 2017}} 13. ^1 {{cite act |title=Government and Administration of the Autonomous Community Law of 1983 |type=Law |number=6 |work=Official Gazette of the Junta of Andalusia |language=Spanish |date=21 July 1983 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOJA-b-1983-90009 |accessdate=17 September 2017}} 14. ^1 {{cite act |title=Government and Administration of the Autonomous Community Law Reform of 1990 |type=Law |number=1 |work=Official Gazette of the Junta of Andalusia |language=Spanish |date=30 January 1990 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1990-4236 |accessdate=17 September 2017}} 15. ^1 {{cite act |title=Government and Administration of the Autonomous Community and Andalusia Electoral Laws Reform of 1994 |type=Law |number=6 |work=Official Gazette of the Junta of Andalusia |language=Spanish |date=18 May 1994 |url=https://www.boe.es/buscar/doc.php?id=BOE-A-1994-14602 |accessdate=17 September 2017}} 16. ^{{cite web |title=El PP ganará ampliamente en Andalucía |url=http://elpais.com/diario/1996/02/24/espana/825116437_850215.html |language=Spanish |work=El País |date=24 February 1996}} 17. ^{{cite web |title=Mayoría relativa del PP en Andalucía |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1996/02/25/pagina-12/33902004/pdf.html |language=Spanish |work=La Vanguardia |date=25 February 1996}} 18. ^{{cite web |title=Distribuciones de frecuencia marginales del Estudio 2207 (Andalucía) |url=http://www.cis.es/cis/opencms/-Archivos/Marginales/2200_2219/2207/e220701.html |language=Spanish |work=CIS |date=21 February 1996}} 19. ^{{cite web |title=Estudio CIS nº 2207 |url=http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/2200_2219/2207/FT2207.pdf |language=Spanish |work=CIS |date=21 February 1996}} 20. ^1 {{cite web |title=El PP ganará con claridad las elecciones andaluzas pero PSOE e IU tienen la mayoría |url=http://www.elmundo.es/elecciones/feb26/noticias/not26-01.html |language=Spanish |work=El Mundo |date=26 February 1996}} 21. ^{{cite web |title=Andalucía prepara un vuelco histórico |url=http://archivo.elperiodico.com/ed/19960221/pag_063.html |language=Spanish |work=El Periódico de Catalunya |date=21 February 1996}} 22. ^{{cite web |title=El PP podría formar gobierno en Andalucía con el apoyo del PA |url=http://diariodenavarra.mynewsonline.com/index.php?screen=preview&ref=NAV19960219G005&matching=85&context=de+%3Cb%3EAndaluc%EDa%3C%2Fb%3E%2C+convocadas+junto+con+las+generales+el+pr%F3ximo+3+de+marzo%2C+seg%FAn+los+datos+parciales+del+macrosondeo+Colpisa+realizado+por+el+Instituto+Metra-Seis+para+Diario+de+Navarra.+Los+resultados+de+la+encuesta+permiten+prever+la+posibilidad+de+que+el+candidato+del+%3Cb%3EPP%3C%2Fb%3E%2C+Javier+Arenas%2C+forme+un+gobierno+mayoritario+con+el+Partido+%3Cb%3EAndalucis%3C%2Fb%3Eta+si+%E9ste+consigue+consolidar+al+alza+sus+actuales+expectativas.+La+izquierda+andaluza%2C+PSOE+e+IU%2C+sufre+un+hist%F3rico+retroceso%2C+que%2A+afecta+pr%E1cticamente+por+igual%2C+en+torno+a+4+puntos%2C+a+los+dos+partidos.+La+primera+oleada+de+la+macroencuesta+de+3.200+entrevistas+para+las+elecciones+andaluzas%2C+que+ser%E1+publicada+en+su+totalidad+el+pr%F3ximo+fin+de+semana%2C+refleja+una+ventaja+de+5+esca%F1os+del+%3Cb%3EPP%3C%2Fb%3E+sobre+el+PSOE%2C+que+gobierna+actualmente+la+comunidad+en+minor%EDa%2C+y+una+U+Ambito+y+universo%3A+conjunto+del+electorado |language=Spanish |work=Diario de Navarra |date=19 February 1996}} 23. ^{{cite web |title=El PP ganará en Andalucía, pero no podrá formar un Gobierno estable |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/02/10/portada/823906803_850215.html |language=Spanish |work=El País |date=10 February 1996}} 24. ^{{cite web |title=IU baja entre dos y cuatro escaños, y los andalucistas mantienen su presencia en el Parlamento |url=https://elpais.com/diario/1996/02/10/espana/823906823_850215.html |language=Spanish |work=El País |date=10 February 1996}} 25. ^{{cite web |title=El PSOE pierde Andalucía |url=http://www.elmundo.es/papel/hemeroteca/1996/01/29/nacional/ |language=Spanish |work=El Mundo |date=29 January 1996}} 26. ^{{cite web |title=El PP ganaría por primera vez las elecciones autonómicas andaluzas, según una encuesta |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1996/01/09/071.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC |date=9 January 1996}} 27. ^{{cite web |title=El PP ganaría por primera vez las elecciones andaluzas, con 4 escaños más que el PSOE, según Sigma 2 |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1996/01/09/041.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=9 January 1996}} 28. ^{{cite web |title=Una encuesta del PSOE le sitúa como vencedor en las autonómicas, mientras que la oposición replica que los datos son "absolutamente falsos" y que el sondeo no tiene "ninguna credibilidad" |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1995/12/09/029.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=9 December 1995}} 29. ^{{cite web |title=El PSOE volvería a ganar las elecciones autonómicas andaluzas |url=http://hemeroteca.lavanguardia.com/preview/1995/12/09/pagina-16/34430655/pdf.html |language=Spanish |work=La Vanguardia |date=9 December 1995}} 30. ^{{cite web |title=El PP obtendría ahora en Andalucía ocho escaños más que los socialistas, según una encuesta del propio PSOE |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/madrid/abc/1995/11/27/061.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC |date=27 November 1995}} 31. ^{{cite web |title=Felipe González decidirá finalmente la fecha de las autonómicas |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1995/11/23/036.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=23 November 1995}} 32. ^{{cite web |title=Situación social y política en Andalucía. Elecciones Autonómicas. Octubre-noviembre 1995 (Estudio nº 2196) |url=http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/2180_2199/2196/e219600.html |language=Spanish |work=CIS |date=18 October 1995}} 33. ^{{cite web |title=Estudio CIS nº 2196. Ficha técnica |url=http://www.cis.es/cis/export/sites/default/-Archivos/Marginales/2180_2199/2196/FT2196.pdf |language=Spanish |work=CIS |date=18 October 1995}} 34. ^{{cite web |title=Esperando a González |url=http://hemeroteca.abc.es/nav/Navigate.exe/hemeroteca/sevilla/abc.sevilla/1995/12/03/050.html |language=Spanish |work=ABC Sevilla |date=3 December 1995}} 35. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/justiciaeinterior/siel/busquedaAvanzadaAction.html?vuelta=1&codComunidad=1&codTipoEleccion=5&codPeriodo=199603&totalAnd=on&codProvincia=0&codMunicipio=0&codDistrito=0 |title=Electoral Results Consultation. Parliament of Andalusia. March 1996. Andalusia totals |language=Spanish |website=juntadeandalucia.es |publisher=Junta of Andalusia |accessdate=25 September 2017}} 36. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.juntaelectoralcentral.es/cs/jec/documentos/ANDALUCIA_1996_ResultadosyProclamados.pdf |title=Parliament of Andalusia election results, 3 March 1996 |date=26 March 1996 |language=Spanish |website=juntaelectoralcentral.es |publisher=Electoral Commission of Andalusia |accessdate=25 September 2017}} 37. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.historiaelectoral.com/aandalucia.html |title=Parliament of Andalusia elections since 1982 |language=Spanish |website=historiaelectoral.com |publisher=Electoral History |accessdate=25 September 2017}}
4 : 1996 in Andalusia|1996 regional elections in Spain|Elections in Andalusia|March 1996 events in Europe |
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