| 词条 | North Kivu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = North Kivu Province | native_name = Province du Nord-Kivu | type = Province | image_skyline = NorthKivu04 (8448302928).jpg | image_caption = | image_map = Democratic Republic of the Congo (26 provinces) - Nord-Kivu.svg | mapsize = | map_caption = | image_map1 = | mapsize1 = | map_caption1 = | coordinates = {{coord|0|34|S|28|42|E|type:adm1st_region:CD|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{COD}} | seat_type = Capital | seat = Goma | seat1_type = Largest city | seat1 = Goma | blank_name_sec1 = Official language | blank_info_sec1 = French | blank1_name_sec1 = National language | blank1_info_sec1 = Swahili | area_total_km2 = 59483 | area_rank = 18th | leader_title = Governor | leader_name = Julien Paluku Kahongya | population_total = 5767945 | population_as_of = 2010 est. | population_rank = 2nd | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = North Kivutian | blank_name_sec2 = HDI (2017) | blank_info_sec2 = 0.440[1] {{color|#900|low}} | website = {{Official URL}} }} North Kivu ({{lang-fr|link=no|Nord-Kivu}}) is a province bordering Lake Kivu in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo.[2] Its capital is Goma. North Kivu borders the provinces of Ituri to the north, Tshopo to the northwest, Maniema to the southwest, and South Kivu to the south. To the east, it borders the countries of Uganda and Rwanda. The province consists of three cities—Goma, Butembo and Beni—and six territories—Beni, Lubero, Masisi, Rutshuru, Nyiragongo and Walikale. The province is home to the Virunga National Park, a World Heritage Site containing the endangered mountain gorillas. The region is politically unstable and since 1998 has been one of the flashpoints of the military conflicts in the region. HistoryNorth Kivu was formerly a "sub-region" in the region of Kivu. The region was the scene of much fighting during the Second Congo War (1998–2003), and the Kivu conflict (2004–present). Laurent Nkunda was offered the rank of Brigadier General and command of the new Congo Government's FARDC Eighth Military Region, covering North Kivu, by DRC government decree 019/2003 of August 19, 2003. However, he refused to take up the post. On May 26, 2004, General Obed Wibasira (RCD-Goma) was named to the position. However, Wibasira was suspected of complicity with the soldiers in Goma who had triggered a mutiny in Bukavu in February 2004, and on January 23, 2005, he was switched with Gabriel Amisi Kumba, at the time commander of the Fifth Military Region in Kasaï-Oriental.[3] Gabriel Amisi Kumba was named as a Brigadier General when taking up the post. General Louis Ngizo, a former commander of the Rally for Congolese Democracy, was appointed a commander in November 2006. However he was of little influence compared to powerful military figures from Kinshasa, U.S. diplomats said in comments released via WikiLeaks. Brigadier General Vainqueur Mayala was transferred from command of the Ituri operational zone, promoted to Major General, and appointed military region commander in May 2007.[4] Ngizo left Goma on May 13, 2007, his next posting not being known at the time. During late 2008, the FARDC maintained its dismal record in combat against Laurent Nkunda's CNDP faction, losing the Rumangabo military camp to the rebels. The dissident Mai-Mai 85th Brigade, commanded by Colonel Samy Matumo, controlled the cassiterite mine at Bisie, just north of Manoire in Walikale, in the south-east of North Kivu.[5] The former RCD-K/ML also has fighters in the province; 'at the beginning of the transition [2002-3] the RCD-Mouvement de Libération president declared he had 8-10,000 Armée Patriotic Congolaise (APC) troops in the Beni-Lubero area of North Kivu.’ This exaggerated figure now seems to have been reduced to ‘several thousand’ (2-4,000?) as of early 2006 following demobilizations and men joining the integrated brigades.[6] The Effacer le tableau and Beni massacre occurred in the province. Approximate correspondence between historical and current province
Human rights issues{{see also|2012 East D.R. Congo conflict}}In October 2007, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) warned of an increasing number of internally displaced people (IDP) in North Kivu related to the fighting there between the government army, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR) rebels and renegade troops, including Laurent Nkunda's forces, and a build-up of military supplies and forces, including the reported recruitment of child soldiers by armed groups across North Kivu. The UNHCR thought that there were over 370,000 people in North Kivu displaced since December 2006, and is expanding its camps in the Mugunga area where over 80,000 IDPs were estimated.[7] The brief capture of Goma, by M23 rebels caused "tens of thousands" of refugees. The town of Sake was abandoned.[8] See also
References1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/|title=Sub-national HDI - Area Database - Global Data Lab|website=hdi.globaldatalab.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-13}} 2. ^{{cite web|author=Central Intelligence Agency|title=Democratic Republic of the Congo|work=The World Factbook|publisher=Central Intelligence Agency|location=Langley, Virginia |year=2014|url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/cg.html|accessdate=May 10, 2016}} 3. ^Jean Omasombo (ed.), RDC: Biographies des Acteurs de la Troisième République, Africa Museum, Bruxelles, 24-25. 4. ^07KINSHASA534, Congolese Military Replaces Commander In North Kivu {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120627114326/http://cablegatesearch.net/cable.php?id=07KINSHASA534# |date=June 27, 2012 }}, Wed, May 16, 2007. See also Rwanda: War Rages in DRC as Government Forces Seek FDLR Support, The New Times, September 21, 2008 5. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/world/africa/16congo.html?_r=2&ref=todayspaper&pagewanted=all&oref=slogin&oref=slogin | work=The New York Times | title=Congo's Riches, Looted by Renegade Troops | first=Lydia | last=Polgreen | date=November 16, 2008 | accessdate=April 9, 2010}} 6. ^International Crisis Group, Security Sector Reform in the Congo, Africa Report N°104, February 13, 2006, p.14 7. ^{{cite news |title=DR Congo: UN agency concerned at military buildup in North Kivu |url=https://www.un.org/apps/news/story.asp?NewsID=24198&Cr=DRC&Cr1= |publisher=UN News Service |date= October 5, 2007 |accessdate=October 6, 2007 }} 8. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/23/congo-violence-goma_n_2177612.html#slide=1796746 | work=Huffington Post | first=Eline | last=Gordts | title=PHOTOS: Tens Of Thousands Of Civilians Flee Goma | date=November 23, 2012}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category}}
2 : North Kivu|Provinces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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