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词条 1999 F-117A shootdown
释义

  1. Downing

  2. Aftermath

  3. Notes

  4. References

  5. External links

{{short description|1999 aviation accident}}{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2018}}{{Infobox military attack
| title = 1999 F-117A shootdown
| partof = the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia
| image =
| alt =
| caption = Canopy and ejection seat and wing of F-117 with serial number 82-0806 at the Belgrade Aviation Museum in late 2018.
| location = Near Buđanovci, Serbia, Yugoslavia
| coordinates = {{Coord|44|54|N|19|52|E|type:event_region:RS|display=inline,title}}
| date = {{Start date|1999|03|27|df=yes}}
| time = 8:15 p.m.
| objective = NATO warplanes
| type = Aircraft shootdown
| fatalities =
| injuries =
| executed_by = 250th Air Defence Missile Brigade, Army of Yugoslavia
}}{{Campaignbox Kosovo War}}

On 27 March 1999, during the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, a Yugoslav army unit shot down an F-117 Nighthawk stealth aircraft of the United States Air Force by firing a S-125 Neva/Pechora surface-to-air missile. The pilot ejected safely and was rescued by allied search and rescue forces.[1][1]

The F-117, which entered service with the U.S Air Force in 1983, was widely seen as one of the most advanced pieces of U.S. military equipment. At the same time, Yugoslav air defenses were considered relatively obsolete.[3]

Downing

Unknown to NATO, Yugoslav air defense operators had found they could detect F-117s with their "obsolete" Soviet radars after some modifications.[4] In 2005, Colonel Zoltán Dani confirmed this in an interview, suggesting that those modifications involved using long wavelengths, which allowed them to detect the aircraft.[5] In addition, the Yugoslavs had also intercepted and deciphered some NATO communications, and thus were able to deploy their anti-aircraft batteries at positions best suited to intercept NATO warplanes.[5]

On 27 March 1999, the 3rd Battalion of the 250th Air Defense Missile Brigade of the Army of Yugoslavia, under the command of Lt. Colonel (later Colonel) Dani, downed F-117 Air Force serial number 82-0806, callsign "Vega 31".[3][8]

The Army of Yugoslavia unit was equipped with a Yugoslav version of the Soviet Isayev S-125 "Neva" missile system (NATO reporting name, SA-3 "Goa").[2][1][3][12]

At about 8:15 pm local time, with a range of about {{convert|8|mi|km}} several missiles were launched. According to Lieutenant Colonel Đorđe Aničić, who was identified in 2009 as the soldier who fired the missiles, they detected the F-117 at a range of about 23 km operating their equipment for no more than 17 seconds to avoid being locked on to by NATO anti-air suppression.[3] According to Dani in a 2007 interview, his troops spotted the aircraft on radar when its bomb bay doors opened, raising its radar signature.[14]

The F-117, callsign "Vega-31", was being flown by Lt. Col. Darrell Patrick "Dale" Zelko (born January 1, 1960),[3][16] an Operation Desert Storm veteran.[17] He observed the two missiles punch through the low cloud cover and head straight for his aircraft.[3] The first passed over him, close enough to cause buffeting, but did not detonate. The second missile detonated, causing significant damage to the aircraft and causing it to tumble, out of control.[17] The explosion was large enough to be seen from a KC-135 Stratotanker, flying over Bosnia.[17]

Zelko was subject to intense g-forces as the aircraft tumbled and had great difficulty in assuming the correct posture for ejecting. After his parachute deployed, he used his survival radio to issue a mayday call and was able to contact the KC-135 that had seen him shot down.[17] Zelko used his survival radio while still descending although this was contrary to his training.[17][4] He reasoned the altitude would give his signal the best possible range and was also sure he would be quickly taken prisoner by Yugoslav forces on the ground and wanted to confirm he was unhurt before this happened.[5]

Zelko landed in a field south of Ruma and around a mile south of a four-lane highway.[6] He quickly concealed himself in a drainage ditch that he had identified as a hole-up site while descending.[5] There, he felt the shock waves of bombs dropped by NATO B-2 bombers on targets on the outskirts of Belgrade.[5] Zelko landed around a mile from his aircraft's crash site, and an intensive search of the area was carried out by the Yugoslav soldiers, policemen, and local villagers. At one point, searchers came within a few hundred yards of the ditch he was hiding in. Zelko was rescued approximately eight hours later by a U.S. Air Force combat search and rescue team flying in a Sikorsky MH-53 helicopter in the early hours of the next morning. According to Zelko, he would later learn that he had been minutes away from being captured.[5][7] He was initially misidentified in press reports, as the name "Capt Ken 'Wiz' Dwelle" was painted on the aircraft's canopy. The lost F-117 carried the name "Something Wicked" and had previously flown 39 sorties during the Persian Gulf War's Operation Desert Storm.[8]

On 2 May 1999, the 250th Air Defense Missile Brigade also shot down a USAF F-16 fighter pilot by future Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force David Goldfein.[9][10][11]

Aftermath

Photographs show that the aircraft struck the ground at low speed in an inverted position, and that the airframe remained relatively intact.[1] Some pieces of the F-117's wreckage are preserved at the Serbian Museum of Aviation in Belgrade,[35] other pieces of wreckage were reportedly sent to Russia and China, to be used in developing anti-stealth technology.[36] A small rubber part of the plane was shown as "a souvenir" to Western journalists by Serbian warlord Arkan during the NATO bombing.[12] The USAF retired its F-117s in 2008.[38]

Zoltán Dani, now running a bakery, and Dale Zelko, now retired from the U.S. Air Force, met in 2011. They have since developed a friendship.[13]

{{clear}}

Notes

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.defensemedianetwork.com/stories/the-rescue-of-vega-31-how-special-ops-forces-saved-an-f-117-pilot-in-serbia |title=The Rescue of Vega 31; How special ops forces saved an F-117 pilot in Serbia |author=Robert F. Dorr |authorlink=Robert F. Dorr |date=April 28, 2015 |website=defensemedianetwork.com |publisher= |access-date=19 March 2019 |quote=}}
2. ^The S-125 was initially deployed by the Soviet Union in 1961. The V-600 or V-601 missiles launched by the S-125 were {{convert|6.09|m|ft}} long, weighed {{convert|935|kg|lb}} at launch, could reach a speed of Mach 3–3.5 and carried a {{convert|60|or|70|kg|lb}} warhead.
3. ^{{cite web|title=Dale Zelko lecture for the USAF museum during 2006|url=http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/podcasts/lecture.asp|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141230141045/http://www.nationalmuseum.af.mil/podcasts/lecture.asp|archivedate=30 December 2014}}
4. ^Audio From The 1999 Shoot Down Of F-117 "Vega 31" Over Serbia Is Chilling thedrive.com/the-war-zone, accessed March 28, 2019
5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 {{cite journal | url=http://f117sfa.org/sfa_newsletter/Newsletter2007-05.pdf | title=Interview with Lt Colonel Dale Zelko, USAF | journal=Nighthawks | date=May 2007 | volume=5 | issue=1 | publisher=F-117 Stealth Fighter Association | access-date=27 April 2015 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043205/http://f117sfa.org/sfa_newsletter/Newsletter2007-05.pdf | archive-date=4 March 2016 | dead-url=yes | df=dmy-all }}
6. ^The European route E70
7. ^The Stranger Who Changed My Life: My Enemy, My Friend | Reader's Digest
8. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.f-117a.com/Serial.html | title=F-117A Serial Listings | publisher=www.f-117a.com | accessdate=13 November 2012}}
9. ^{{cite web | last = Roberts | first = Chris | title = Holloman commander recalls being shot down in Serbia | publisher = F16.net | date = February 7, 2007 | url = http://www.f-16.net/news_article2167.html | accessdate = March 28, 2019 }}
10. ^Anon. "F-16 Aircraft Database: F-16 Airframe Details for 88-0550". F-16.net. Retrieved: 16 May 2008.
11. ^Lieven Dewitte: F-16 Fighting Falcon News: USAF F-16CG crashes over Yugoslavia May 1, 1999, www.f-16.net, accessed March 28, 2019
12. ^{{cite web|title=MOGU DA POLOMIM F-117A: Evo kako je ARKAN uništio ponos Amerike i "nevidljivi" bombarder! (VIDEO)|date=27 March 2015|publisher=Telegraf|url=http://www.telegraf.rs/vesti/politika/1496575-mogu-da-polomim-f-117a-evo-kako-je-arkan-unistio-ponos-amerike-i-nevidljivi-bombarder-video|accessdate=25 December 2015}}
13. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20209770 | title=Foes now friends: US stealth pilot and the Serb who shot him down ('they worked towards a face-to-face encounter. That finally came last year') | publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation | work=BBC News | date=6 November 2012 |location=United Kingdom| accessdate=14 November 2012 | author=De Launey, Guy}}
14. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.pbase.com/vmarinkovic/air_museum |title=Air Museum, Belgrade, Serbia Photo Gallery by Vlado Marinkovic at |publisher=Pbase.com |date= |accessdate=2012-09-27}}
15. ^1 Dorr, Robert F. "USAF Fighter Force at 60". AirForces Monthly magazine, October 2007.
16. ^1 Dsouza, Larkins. [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415224243/http://www.defenceaviation.com/2007/02/how-was-f-117-shot-down-part-2.html "Who shot down F-117?"] Defence Aviation, 8 February 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
17. ^1 [https://web.archive.org/web/20090415224243/http://www.defenceaviation.com/2007/02/how-was-f-117-shot-down-part-1.html "Colonel Dani."] Defence Aviation, 8 February 2007. Retrieved 1 August 2011.
18. ^1 Pae, Peter. "Stealth fighters fly off the radar". Los Angeles Times, 23 April 2008. Retrieved 27 April 2008.
19. ^1 2 3 Logan, Don. Lockheed F-117 Nighthawks: A Stealth Fighter Roll Call. Atglen, Pennsylvania: Schiffer Publishing, 2009. {{ISBN|978-0-7643-3242-5}}. {{page needed|date=November 2012}}
20. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.mojeopinie.pl/zestrzelic_f117,3,1209735735 |title=Zestrzelić F-117 |publisher=Mojeopinie.pl |date=2008-05-02 |accessdate=2012-09-27}}
21. ^1 Smith, Charles R. "Russia Offers India $8 billion Weapons Deal". NewsMax.com 12 December 2001. Retrieved 20 January 2007.
22. ^1 "How to Take Down an F-117." Strategy Page, 21 November 2005. Retrieved 12 June 2010.
23. ^1 2 3 4 5 [https://web.archive.org/web/19990910071026/http://usatoday.com/news/index/kosovo/koso096.htm "Pilot recognizes crashed F-117A."] usatoday.com. Retrieved 24 April 2010.
24. ^1 {{cite news| title =Serb discusses 1999 downing of stealth|work=USA Today| date =26 October 2005| url =https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2005-10-26-serb-stealth_x.htm| accessdate =8 May 2007 }}

References

{{reflist|refs=[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]
}}

External links

{{Commons category|1999 F-117A shootdown}}
  • Vega 31: The Loss of #806
  • Russians admit testing F-117 lost in Yugoslavia, 2001 Flight Global article
  • {{cite web|title=Foes now friends: US stealth pilot and the Serb who shot him down|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-20209770}}
{{Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999}}{{usedmy|date=September 2012}}{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:F-117A shootdown}}

7 : 20th-century aircraft shootdown incidents|Aerial operations and battles of the Kosovo War|History of the United States Air Force|1999 in Yugoslavia|Aviation accidents and incidents in 1999|Aviation accidents and incidents in Yugoslavia|March 1999 events in Europe
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