| 词条 | Antoni Wiwulski |
| 释义 |
Antoni Wiwulski (1877–1919) ({{lang-lt|'Antanas Vivulskis'}}) was a Polish[1]-Lithuanian[2] architect and sculptor. BiographyHe was born February 20, 1877 in Totma in Vologda Governorate in the Russian Empire, where his father, of Lithuanian (Samogitian[3]) origin, served as a forest superintendent.[4] He graduated from the reputable Jesuit boarding school Zakład Naukowo-Wychowawczy Ojców Jezuitów w Chyrowie and then two of the most prestigious art and architecture universities of the epoch: the École Supérieure des Beaux-Arts in Paris and the Higher Technical School in Vienna. Among the most notable of his works are:
The Holy Heart of Jesus' Church was started in 1913 and was the first example of usage of reinforced concrete in the former Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Wiwulski, impressed by the possibility of building gigantic buildings with the newly rediscovered material prepared a project of a giant church with a stylised gigantic sculpture of the Creator sitting on the dome. However, the project was discontinued after Wiwulski's death on January 10, 1919. In 1919, despite suffering from tuberculosis, he volunteered for the Polish militia (Self-Defence of Lithuania and Belarus) and took part in the defence of Vilnius against Bolshevik assault in the early stages of the Lithuanian–Soviet War and Polish-Bolshevik War campaigns. He contracted pneumonia while on guard in the Vilnius' suburb of Užupis.[5][6] After his death he was buried in the cellars beneath the church he had designed. When it was converted by the Soviets into a Palace of the Construction Workers in 1964 his ashes were moved to Rasos Cemetery.[7] References1. ^{{cite book | title=Paderewski - The Story of a Modern Immortal | first=Charles | last=Phillips | pages=280 | year=1933 | publisher=The Macmillan Company | isbn=0-306-77534-4 }} 2. ^{{cite book|author1=Tomas Venclova|authorlink1=Tomas Venclova|editor1-last=Cornis-Pope|editor1-first=Marcel|editor2-last=Neubauer|editor2-first=John|title=History of the Literary Cultures of East-Central Europe: Junctures and disjunctures in the 19th and 20th centuries. Vol. 2|date=2006|publisher=John Benjamins Publishing|pages=22-23|chapter=Vilnius/Wilno/Vilna: The Myth of Division and the Myth of Connection|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jYk6AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA23}} According to Venclova, Wiwulski represented "the Wilno variant of Polish modernism" and "considered himself to be both a Polish and a Lithuanian artist." 3. ^O. Franciszek Świątek, "Jasny i mocny duch Antoni Wiwulski (1877-1939)", Wilno, 1939, s. 10 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Stefański|first1=Krzysztof|title=Polish ecclesiastical architecture of the early 20th century - between the new form and national obligation|journal=Centropa: A Journal of Central European Architecture and Related Arts|date= 2003|volume=3|issue=3|page=249}} 5. ^{{cite journal |author=Wiktor Zenonowicz |year=1986 |month= |title=Rys życia autora wileńskich Trzech Krzyży (A sketch on the author of Three Crosses) |journal=Nasza Gazeta |volume=8 |issue=547 |pages= |doi= |id= |url=http://www.wilno.pl/naszczas/013/wiwul.html |accessdate=2006-07-10 |language=pl |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20051130025315/http://www.wilno.pl/naszczas/013/wiwul.html |archivedate=2005-11-30 }} 6. ^{{cite journal|author=J. Polonus |date=July 2005 |title=Grunwaldzkie uroczystości (Anniversary of Grunwald) |journal=Źródło |volume=705 |issue=27 |pages=31–33 |doi= |id= |url=http://www.zrodlo.krakow.pl/Archiwum/2005/27/31.html |accessdate=2006-07-10 |language=pl |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070504175854/http://www.zrodlo.krakow.pl/Archiwum/2005/27/31.html |archivedate=2007-05-04 }} 7. ^{{cite journal | author = Katarzyna Deptuła |date=April 2001 | title =Cmentarz na Rossie (Rasos Cemetery) | journal = Gazeta Wyborcza | volume = | issue = | pages =| doi = | id = | url = http://serwisy.gazeta.pl/turystyka/1,51069,248543.html | accessdate = 2006-07-10 |language=pl}} Further reading
11 : 1877 births|1919 deaths|People from Totemsky District|People from Vologda Governorate|Polish sculptors|Polish architects|Lithuanian architects|Lithuanian sculptors|Vienna University of Technology alumni|20th-century sculptors|Architects from Vilnius |
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