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词条 Anton Mauve
释义

  1. Life and work

  2. Relationship with Vincent van Gogh

  3. Selected works

  4. Bibliography

  5. Letters

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Infobox artist
| name = Anton Mauve
| image = AntonMauve.jpg
| caption =
| birth_name =
| birth_date = {{birth date |1838|9|18|df=y}}
| birth_place = Zaandam, Netherlands
| death_date = {{death date and age |1888|2|5|1838|9|18|df=y}}
| death_place = Arnhem, Netherlands
| nationality = Dutch
| field = Painting
| training =
| movement = Realism
| works =
| patrons = Goupil & Cie
| awards =
}}

Anthonij (Anton) Rudolf Mauve (18 September 1838{{snd}}5 February 1888) was a Dutch realist painter who was a leading member of the Hague School. He signed his paintings 'A. Mauve' or with a monogrammed 'A.M.'. A master colorist, he was a very significant early influence on his cousin-in-law Vincent van Gogh.

Most of Mauve's work depicts people and animals in outdoor settings. In his Morning Ride in the Rijksmuseum, for example, fashionable equestrians at the seacoast are seen riding away from the viewer. An unconventional detail, horse droppings in the foreground, attests his commitment to realism.

His best known paintings depict peasants working in the fields. His paintings of flocks of sheep were especially popular with American patrons, so popular indeed that a price differential developed between scenes of "sheep coming" and "sheep going".[1]

Life and work

Anton Mauve was born on 18 September 1838 in Zaandam, a town in the Dutch province of North Holland. A year after his birth, his father Willem Carel Mauve, a Mennonite chaplain, was sent to Haarlem, the capital city of the province where Mauve grew up.

He was apprenticed to the painter Pieter Frederik van Os followed by Wouter Verschuur. In his further development he worked with Paul Gabriël, painting from nature, and they regularly stayed and worked together at Oosterbeek, the 'Dutch Barbizon'. He was a friend of Jozef Israëls and Willem Maris and, encouraged by their example, he abandoned his early highly finished manner for a freer, looser method of painting, and the brilliant palette of his youthful work for a tender lyric harmony which is generally restricted to delicate greys, greens, and light blue.[3]

In 1872, Mauve settled in The Hague where he became a leading member of the Hague School of painters and one of the founders of the Hollandsche Teekenmaatschappij in 1876, as well as playing a leading role in the development of the Pulchri Studio, The Hague's most influential art society at the time.

In the last two years of his life, Mauve settled in the village of Laren in the region surrounding Hilversum called het Gooi. The group of painters who settled there, including Jozef Israëls and Albert Neuhuys, came to be known collectively as the Larense School and the region around het Gooi was dubbed 'Mauve land' as far afield as the United States. Mauve will have influenced many other painters one of whom was the Scottish painter, Robert McGregor (1847-1922).

Mauve died suddenly in Arnhem on 5 February 1888.

Relationship with Vincent van Gogh

Artist Letters
Jean-François Millet[4] 170
Anton Mauve[5] 152
Rembrandt[6] 100
Delacroix[7] 93

Mauve was married to van Gogh's cousin Ariëtte (Jet) Sophia Jeannette Carbentus,[9] and he was a major influence on van Gogh, who revered him. He is mentioned, directly or indirectly, in 152 of van Gogh's surviving letters. A comparative table of number of letters mentioning his most significant influences is shown in the table.

Van Gogh spent three weeks at Mauve's studio at the end of 1881 and during that time he made his first experiments in painting under Mauve's tutelage, first in oils and then early the next year in watercolour (previously he had concentrated on drawing). Mauve continued to encourage him and lent him money to rent and furnish a studio, but later grew cold towards him and did not return a number of letters.[10][11]

In a letter to his brother Theo van Gogh dated 7 May 1882, van Gogh describes "a very regrettable conversation" in which Mauve told him their association was "over and done with" adding by way of explanation that van Gogh had a vicious character. Van Gogh continued his letter by expressing his sorrow, and then launches defiantly into a passionate defence of his relationship with Clasina (Sien) Maria Hoornik, a pregnant prostitute he had befriended.[12]

{{quote|People suspect me of something... it’s in the air... I must be hiding something... Vincent is keeping something back that may not be divulged.. Well, gentlemen, I’ll tell you – you who set great store by manners and culture, and rightly so, provided it’s the real thing – what is more cultured, more sensitive, more manly: to forsake a woman or to take on a forsaken one?}}

The reality was that they were lovers. The presumption must be that Mauve had heard of the relationship (although van Gogh's letter does not say so expressly) and broke off the association because of it. However, their relationship had already become strained by late January.[13] Nevertheless, van Gogh continued to hold Mauve in very high esteem and dedicated one of his most iconic paintings to Mauve's memory after hearing of his sudden death.

{{quote|Now here, for instance, at this moment, I have 6 paintings of blossoming fruit trees. And the one I brought home today would possibly appeal to you — it’s a dug-over patch of ground in an orchard, a wicker fence and two peach trees in full bloom, pink against a sparkling blue sky with white clouds and in sunshine. You may well see it, since I’ve decided to send this one to Jet Mauve. I’ve written on it 'Souvenir de Mauve Vincent & Theo'.[14]}}

Mauve's mother Elisabeth Margaretha Hirschig was a first cousin twice removed of Anton Hirschig, the young Dutch artist who was a fellow lodger with van Gogh at the Auberge Ravoux at the time of van Gogh's death.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}}

Selected works

  • Entering the Fold (c. 1885-8), drawing and watercolour, Tate Gallery[15]
  • Milking Time (c. 1875), oil on canvas, National Gallery[16]
  • Landscape with cattle, chalk on paper, Courtauld Institute of Art[17]
  • Landscape with Cattle, oil on canvas, Museum of Fine Arts, Houston[18]
  • Shepherdess, oil on canvas, National Museum of Wales[19]
  • Morning Ride along the Beach (1876), oil on canvas, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam[20]
  • Riders in the Snow in the Haagse Bos (1879), watercolour and gouache, Rijksmuseum Amsterdam[21]
  • De Torenlaan te Laren (1886), oil on canvas, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam[22]
  • Ariëtte Carbentus, wife of the artist, sitting in the dunes (c. 1876), oil on canvas, Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie, The Hague (private collection)[23]
  • Gathering Seaweed, oil on canvas, Musée d'Orsay, Paris[24]
  • Changing Pasture (c. 1880s), oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York[25]
  • The Return of the Flock, Laren (c. 1886 -1887), oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art, Philadelphia[26]
  • Digging up a Tree, watercolor, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston[27]
  • Returning Home, oil on wood, Art Gallery of New South Wales[28]

Bibliography

  • Dorn, Roland, Schröder, Klaus Albrecht & Sillevis, John, ed.: Van Gogh und die Haager Schule (exh. cat. Kunstforum, Wien 1996), Skira, Milan 1996 {{ISBN|88-8118-072-3}}
  • [https://books.google.com/books/about/Anton_Mauve_1838_1888.html?id=SmLrAAAAMAAJ&redir_esc=y Engel, E. P. "Anton Mauve". Academische Uitgeverij Haentjens Dekker & Gumbert, 1967 (University of Michigan)]
  • Naifeh, Steven; Smith, Gregory White. Van Gogh: The Life. Profile Books, 2011. {{ISBN|978-1-84668-010-6}}
  • Tralbaut, Marc Edo. Vincent van Gogh, le mal aimé. Edita, Lausanne (French) & Macmillan, London 1969 (English); reissued by Macmillan, 1974 and by Alpine Fine Art Collections, 1981. {{ISBN|0-933516-31-2}}.

Letters

1. ^{{cite web|title=Heath at Laren, 1887|url=http://www.vangoghmuseum.nl/vgm/index.jsp?page=4997&lang=en|work=Online catalogue|publisher=Kröller-Müller Museum|accessdate=1 March 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web|author=9 — 17 |url=http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/aria/aria_assets/SK-A-3602?lang=en&context_space=&context_id= |title=Morgenrit langs het strand, Anton Mauve, 1876 - Rijksmuseum |publisher=Rijksmuseum.nl |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}
3. ^{{EB1911|inline=y|wstitle=Mauve, Anton|volume=17|page=917}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/search/advanced?originaltext=original&term=&person_terms=Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois+Millet&person_code=1226&literature_terms=&literature_code=&workofart_terms=&workofart_code=&bibleref_terms=&bibleref_code=&f_number=&jh_number=&periodical=&from=1&id_range=&id_type=jlb_id&date_from=1872-09-29&date_until=1890-07-31&period=&correspondent_name=&correspondent_id=&place_name=&place_id=&order=date&search2.x=20&search2.y=8&search2=Search |title=Millet |publisher=Vangoghletters.org |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/search/advanced?originaltext=original&term=&person_terms=Anton+Rudolf+Mauve&person_code=323&literature_terms=&literature_code=&workofart_terms=&workofart_code=&bibleref_terms=&bibleref_code=&f_number=&jh_number=&periodical=&from=1&id_range=&id_type=jlb_id&date_from=1872-09-29&date_until=1890-07-31&period=&correspondent_name=&correspondent_id=&place_name=&place_id=&order=date&search2.x=5&search2.y=3&search2=Search |title=Vincent van Gogh : The Letters |publisher=Vangoghletters.org |accessdate=2014-02-07}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/search/advanced?originaltext=original&translation=translation&annotations=notes&bibliography=bibliography&term=&person_terms=Rembrandt+van+Rijn&person_code=1295&literature_terms=&literature_code=&workofart_terms=&workofart_code=&bibleref_terms=&bibleref_code=&f_number=&jh_number=&periodical=&from=1&id_range=&id_type=jlb_id&date_from=1872-09-29&date_until=1890-07-31&period=&correspondent_name=&correspondent_id=&place_name=&place_id=&order=date&search2.x=13&search2.y=11&search2=Search |title=Vincent van Gogh : The Letters |publisher=Vangoghletters.org |accessdate=2014-02-07}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://vangoghletters.org/vg/search/advanced?originaltext=original&translation=translation&annotations=notes&bibliography=bibliography&term=&person_terms=Ferdinand+Victor+Eug%C3%A8ne+Delacroix&person_code=982&literature_terms=&literature_code=&workofart_terms=&workofart_code=&bibleref_terms=&bibleref_code=&f_number=&jh_number=&periodical=&from=1&id_range=&id_type=jlb_id&date_from=1872-09-29&date_until=1890-07-31&period=&correspondent_name=&correspondent_id=&place_name=&place_id=&order=date&search2.x=32&search2.y=10&search2=Search |title=Vincent van Gogh : The Letters |publisher=Vangoghletters.org |accessdate=2014-02-07}}
8. ^{{cite web|title=IB-nummer 117003 |url=http://ib.rkd.nl/showobject.mhtml?ib=117003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724163802/http://ib.rkd.nl/showobject.mhtml?ib=117003 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2011-07-24 |work=RKD databases |publisher=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie (RKD) |accessdate= }}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg/family_tree.pdf |title=Family tree of Vincent Van Gogh |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}
10. ^Tralbaut (1981), 96–103
11. ^{{cite web|title= Letter 196: To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, on or about Tuesday, 3 January 1882.|url= http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let196/letter.html|work=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters|publisher=Van Gogh Museum|at= Paragraph 3|quote= Mauve lent me some money, 100 guilders, to rent it, furnish it and get the window and light fixed up|accessdate= }}
12. ^{{cite web|title= Letter 224: To Theo van Gogh. The Hague, on or about Sunday, 7 May 1882|url= http://www.vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let224/letter.html|work=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters|publisher=Van Gogh Museum|at= |quote= Today I met Mauve and had a very regrettable conversation with him which made it clear to me that Mauve and I have parted ways for ever.|accessdate= }}
13. ^Naifeh and Smith pp. 254-59
14. ^{{cite web|title= Letter 590: To Willemien van Gogh. Arles, on or about Friday, 30 March 1888.|url= http://vangoghletters.org/vg/letters/let590/letter.html|work=Vincent van Gogh: The Letters|publisher=Van Gogh Museum|at= Note 5|quote= Now here, for instance, at this moment, I have 6 paintings of blossoming fruit trees.|accessdate= }}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tate.org.uk/servlet/ViewWork?workid=9407&searchid=23259 |title='Entering the Fold', Anton Mauve |publisher=Tate |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}
16. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/anton-mauve-milking-time|title=Anton Mauve {{!}} Milking Time {{!}} L716 {{!}} National Gallery, London|website=www.nationalgallery.org.uk|access-date=2019-01-21}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.artandarchitecture.org.uk/images/gallery/c35f4acc.html |title=A&A | Landscape with cattle |publisher=Artandarchitecture.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.mfah.org/art/detail/14332|title=Landscape with Cattle |publisher=Mfah.org |date= |accessdate=2018-09-18}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museumwales.ac.uk/en/art/online/?action=show_item&item=1299 |title=Art Collections Online | National Museum Wales |publisher=Museumwales.ac.uk |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/SK-A-3602|title=Morgenrit langs het strand, Anton Mauve, 1876|website=Rijksmuseum|language=nl|access-date=2019-01-21}}
21. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/collectie/SK-A-2443|title=Ruiters in de sneeuw in het Haagse Bos, Anton Mauve, 1880|website=Rijksmuseum|language=nl|access-date=2019-01-21}}
22. ^[https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/en/collection/SK-A-3143 ] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121010234128/http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/collectie/zoeken/asset.jsp?id=SK-A-3143&lang=en |date=October 10, 2012 }}
23. ^{{cite web|author=Echelon BV |url=http://ib.rkd.nl/showobject.mhtml?ib=117003 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724163802/http://ib.rkd.nl/showobject.mhtml?ib=117003 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2011-07-24 |title=Rijksbureau voor Kunsthistorische Documentatie - databases |publisher=Ib.rkd.nl |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08 }}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.musee-orsay.fr/en/collections/index-of-works/notice.html?no_cache=1&zsz=5&lnum= |title=Musee d'Orsay |publisher=Musee-orsay.fr |accessdate=2014-02-07}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.metmuseum.org/works_of_art/collection_database/european_paintings/changing_pasture_anton_mauve/objectview_enlarge.aspx?page=23&sort=0&sortdir=asc&keyword=&fp=1&dd1=11&dd2=0&vw=1&collID=11&OID=110001486&vT=1&hi=0&ov=0 |title=The Metropolitan Museum of Art - Changing Pasture |publisher=Metmuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.philamuseum.org/collections/permanent/102977.html?mulR=21138 |title=Philadelphia Museum of Art - Collections Object : The Return of the Flock, Laren |publisher=Philamuseum.org |date= |accessdate=2013-07-08}}
27. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.mfa.org/collections/object/digging-up-a-tree-245841|title=Digging up a Tree|date=2018-06-04|website=Museum of Fine Arts, Boston|language=en|access-date=2019-01-21}}
28. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au/collection/works/7642/|title=Returning home: end of the day by Anton Mauve :: The Collection :: Art Gallery NSW|last=Deutsch|last2=Français|website=www.artgallery.nsw.gov.au|access-date=2019-01-21|last3=日本語|last4=中文|last5=Español|last6=Italiano|last7=한국어|last8=العربية|last9=us|first9=Contact}}

See also

  • The Letters of Vincent van Gogh

References

{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

External links

{{Wikiquote}}{{Commons category|Anton Mauve}}
  • {{Art UK bio}}
  • [https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/54139 biographical facts of Anton Mauve], at the Dutch R.K.D. Archive, The Hague
  • De Valk Lexicon, kunstenaars Laren-Blaricum Larense School
  • Singer Laren en Teylers Museum duo-tentoonstelling [https://web.archive.org/web/20090910043611/http://www.anton-mauve.nl/ Anton Mauve retrospective]
  • The Hague School and young Van Gogh at the Gemeentemuseum, The Hague
{{Vincent van Gogh}}
  • Anton Mauve exhibition catalog
  • [https://www.rijksmuseum.nl/nl/rijksstudio/kunstenaars/anton-mauve many free images of Mauve's paintings] in the Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Mauve, Anton}}

8 : 1838 births|1888 deaths|People from Zaanstad|Hague School|19th-century Dutch painters|Dutch male painters|Realist painters|Van Gogh family
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