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词条 Antonomasia
释义

  1. Examples

     Persons  Fictional characters  Works of art  Places 

  2. Opposite examples

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Expand French|Antonomase|topic=culture|date=August 2013}}

In rhetoric, antonomasia is a kind of metonymy in which an epithet or phrase takes the place of a proper name, such as "the little corporal" for Napoleon I. Conversely, antonomasia can also be using a proper name as an archetypal name, to express a generic idea.

A frequent instance of antonomasia in the Late Middle Ages and early Renaissance was the use of the term "the Philosopher" to refer to Aristotle. A more recent example of the other form of antonomasia (usage of archetypes) was the use of "Solons" for "the legislators" in 1930s journalism, after the semi-legendary Solon, lawgiver of Athens.

Stylistically, such epithets may be used for elegant variation to reduce repetition of names in phrases.

The word comes from the Greek {{lang|grc|ἀντονομασία}}, antonomasia, itself from the verb {{lang|grc|ἀντονομάζειν}}, antonomazein 'to name differently'.[1][2][3]

Examples

Persons

  • "El Caudillo" for Francisco Franco
  • "El Jefe" for Rafael Trujillo
  • "Il Duce" for Benito Mussolini
  • "La Divina" for Maria Callas
  • "La Stupenda" for Joan Sutherland
  • "Man of Steel" or simply "Steel" for Joseph Stalin
  • "Mr. Soul" for Sam Cooke
  • "Old Blue Eyes" or "The Chairman of the Board" for Frank Sinatra
  • "Pelides" or "the son of Peleus" for Achilles[3]
  • "Son of Laertes" or "Man of Pain" for Odysseus
  • "The (Great) Bambino" for Babe Ruth
  • "The Bard" for William Shakespeare
  • "The Big Bopper" for Jiles Perry Richardson, Jr
  • "The Boss" for Bruce Springsteen
  • "The Commentator" for Averroes (so named for his commentaries on "The Philosopher" Aristotle's works)
  • "The Don" for Sir Donald Bradman
  • "The Fab Four" for The Beatles
  • "The First Lady of Song" for Ella Fitzgerald
  • "The Führer" for Adolf Hitler
  • "The Genius of the Carpathians" for Nicolae Ceausescu (note that this is only used ironically)
  • "The Gipper" or "The Great Communicator" for Ronald Reagan
  • "The Great Commoner" for Winston Churchill
  • "The Great Emancipator" for Abraham Lincoln
  • "The Great Silent One" for Helmuth von Moltke the Elder
  • "The Greatest" for Muhammad Ali
  • "The Hardest Working Man in Show Business" or "Soul Brother Number 1" or “The Godfather of Soul” for James Brown
  • "The High Priestess of Soul" for Nina Simone
  • "The Iron Chancellor" for Otto von Bismarck
  • "The Iron Lady" or "The Leaderene" for Margaret Thatcher
  • "The King of Pop" for Michael Jackson
  • "The King of Soccer" for Pelé
  • "The King" for Elvis Presley
  • "The Little Corporal" for Napoleon[3]
  • "The Little Master" for Sachin Tendulkar
  • "The Magpies" for Newcastle United
  • "The Mahatma" for Mohandas Gandhi
  • "The Queen of Pop" or "The Material Girl" for Madonna
  • "The Queen of Soul" for Aretha Franklin
  • "The Red Baron" for Manfred von Richthofen
  • "The Shah" for Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi
  • "The Stagirite" or "The Philosopher" for Aristotle[3]
  • "The Steel Butterfly" for Imelda Marcos
  • "The Tiger of Mysore" for Tipu Sultan

Fictional characters

  • "The Boy Who Lived" for Harry Potter
  • "The Dark Knight" or "The Caped Crusader" for Batman (also referred as "The Dynamic Duo" when paired with fictional sidekick, Robin)
  • "The Man of Steel" or the "Man of Tomorrow" for Superman
  • "The Mother of Dragons" for Daenerys Targaryen

Works of art

  • "The Scottish play" for Macbeth

Places

  • "Auld Reekie" for Edinburgh
  • "City of Dreams" for Mumbai
  • "La La Land" for Los Angeles
  • "The Big Apple" for New York City
  • "The City of Light" for Paris
  • "The Eternal City" or "Urbe" for Rome
  • "The Smoke" for London
  • "The Windy City" for Chicago
  • "The City of Hundred Gates" for ancient Thebes, Egypt
  • "The City of Palaces" for Mexico City

Opposite examples

See "archetypal name" for examples of the opposite kind of antonomasia.

One common example in French is the word for fox: the Latin-derived {{lang-fr|goupil}} was replaced by {{lang-fr|renard}}, from Renart, the fox hero of the Roman de Renart; originally German Reinhard.

See also

  • Eponym
  • Sobriquet
  • Synecdoche
  • Trademark erosion
  • Honorific nicknames in popular music

References

1. ^{{LSJ|a)ntonomasi/a|ἀντονομασία}},{{LSJ|a)ntonoma/zw|ἀντονομάζειν|ref}}.
2. ^Oxford English Dictionary, s.v.
3. ^1 2 3 {{EB1911|wstitle=Antonomasia|inline=1|volume=2|page=151}}

External links

{{Cite EB1911|wstitle=Antonomasia}}

1 : Rhetorical techniques
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