| 词条 | Antonov An-24 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Antonov An-24 (Russian/Ukrainian: Антонов Ан-24) (NATO reporting name: Coke) is a 44-seat twin turboprop transport/passenger aircraft designed in 1957 in the Soviet Union by the Antonov Design Bureau[1] and manufactured by Kiev, Irkutsk and Ulan-Ude Aviation Factories. Design and development{{unreferenced section|date=September 2011}}First flown in 1959, the An-24 was produced in some 1,000 units of various versions; in 2019 there are 109 still in service worldwide, mostly in the CIS and Africa. [2] It was designed to replace the veteran piston Ilyushin Il-14 transport on short to medium haul trips, optimised for operating from rough strips and unprepared airports in remote locations.[3] The high-wing layout protects engines and blades from debris, the power-to-weight ratio is higher than that of many comparable aircraft and the machine is rugged, requiring minimal ground support equipment. Due to its rugged airframe and good performance, the An-24 was adapted to perform many secondary missions such as ice reconnaissance and engine/propeller test-bed, as well as further development to produce the An-26 tactical transport, An-30 photo-mapping/survey aircraft and An-32 tactical transport with more powerful engines. Various projects were envisaged such as a four jet short/medium haul airliner and various iterations of powerplant. The main production line was at the Kiev-Svyatoshino (now "Aviant") aircraft production plant which built 985, with 180 built at Ulan Ude and a further 197 An-24T tactical transport/freighters at Irkutsk. Production in the USSR was shut down by 1978. Production continues at China's Xi'an Aircraft Industrial Corporation which makes licensed, reverse-engineered and redesigned aircraft as the Xian Y-7, and its derivatives. Manufacture of the Y-7, in civil form, has now been supplanted by the MA60 derivative with western engines and avionics, to improve performance and economy, and widen the export appeal. Total production
Variants
Original design and prototypes. Twin-engined 44-seat transport aircraft.[1]
(first use) Airliner project powered by Kuznetsov NK-4 turboprops, discontinued when the NK-4 was cancelled.[1]
(second use) Production 50-seat airliners built at Kiev with the APU exhaust moved to the tip of the starboard nacelle.[1]
Several An-24s were converted for navaids calibration tasks, with one An-24LR 'Toros' re-designated An-24ALK after conversion. This aircraft was fitted with a photo-theodolite and powerful light sources for the optical sensors.[1]
A 1962 project for a Tactical transport with rear loading ramp and powered by Isotov TV2-117DS coupled turboprops.[1]
The An-24AT tactical transport project with two turbojet boosters pod-mounted under the outer wings and a wider loading ramp.[1]
A projected Tactical transport from 1966 with three or five PRD-63 (Porokhovoy Raketnyy Dvigatel – gunpowder rocket engine) JATO bottles, wider cargo ramp and provision for up to three brake parachutes.[1]
The second 50-seat airliner version with one extra window each side, single-slotted flaps replacing the double-slotted flaps and extended chord of the centre-section to compensate for the lower performance flaps. Some aircraft were delivered with four extra fuel bladders in the wing centre-section.[1]
A projected long-range airliner version of the An-24B with a single RU-19 booster jet engine in the starboard nacelle, stretched fuselage with seating for 60, strengthened structure and increased fuel capacity.[1]
The generic suffix LL can be applied to any test-bed, but in the An-24's case seems to refer to a single aircraft equipped for metrology (science of measurement), to be used for checking the airworthiness of production aircraft.[1]
Three An-24RV aircraft converted into fire bombers/cloud seeders by installing a tank in the cabin, optical smoke and flame detectors, provision for a thermal imager, racks for carrying flare dispensers and the ability to carry firefighters for para-dropping.[1]
At least two An-24Bs converted to carry the 'Toros' SLAR (sideways looking airborne radar) either side of the lower fuselage, for ice reconnaissance, guiding icebreakers, convoys and other shipping.[1][5]
One An-24B was converted to with 'Nit' SLAR in large pods along the lower fuselage sides.[1]
The production search and rescue aircraft based on the An-24RT, eleven built.[1]
A single An-24B aircraft converted for search and rescue duties, rejected after acceptance trials in favour of a derivative of the An-24RT.[1]
Four aircraft converted as Nuclear, biological and chemical warfare reconnaissance versions of the An-24B, carrying RR8311-100 air sampling pods low on the forward fuselage and a sensor pod on a pylon on the port fuselage side.[1]
Similar to the AN-24T, fitted with an auxiliary turbojet engine.[1]
A few An-24T and An-24RT aircraft converted to Communications relay aircraft. Sometimes referred to as An-24Rt to differentiate from the An-24RT.[1]
Turbojet boosted export version, similar to the An-24V but fitted with a 1,985-lb (8830 N) thrust auxiliary turbojet engine in the starboard nacelle.[1]
A tactical Airborne Command Post for use by commanders, also capable of forming ground-based communications and HQ.[1]
(first use) Tactical transport version, rejected due to poor field performance during acceptance testing.[1]
(second use) A tactical transport version with a ventral loading hatch, cargo winch and escape hatch aft of the nose landing gear.[1]
From the 1960s the Soviet Union was faced with nuclear submarine threats that were virtually undetectable with the technology available. To assist in the development of advanced optical, chemical, sonic, infra-red and electromagnetic detection systems, several aircraft were built or modified as test-beds. One significant aircraft was the An-24T 'Troyanda' which was built new, for the development of sonobuoy and infra-red detection systems. As well as equipment inside the cabin, sensors could be mounted in large teardrop fairings either side of the lower forward fuselage, and extra equipment could be carried in extended wing centre-section fairings.[1]
The export cargo version of the An-24T.[1]
Seven An-24Bs were converted to An-24USh navigator/air traffic controller trainers with five training stations and four standard rows of seats for trainees in waiting. Outwardly the USh was distinguishable by the bulged windows at each training station.[1]
The initial export version of the An-24B 50-seat airliner with the early narrow chord inner wings, double-slotted flaps, single ventral fin, powered by two 2,550 hp (1,902 kW) Ivchenko AI-24A turboprop engines.[1]
Export late production 50-seat mixed passenger, cargo and freight aircraft with extended chord inner wing, single-slotted flaps, twin ventral fins and powered by AI-24T(SrsII) engines.[1]
Tactical transport with cargo ramp.
Survey/Photo-mapping aircraft.
Designed to withstand adverse weather conditions better than the standard An-26.
The initial designation of the An-24T production tactical transport, discarded shortly after production began.[1]
A mid-1960s project for a jet-powered An-24, with four Ivchenko AI-25 turbofan engines in podded pairs, pylon mounted forward of the wings. Not proceeded with due to competition from the Yak-40.[1]
The Y-7 is a Chinese reverse-engineered version of the An-24/An-26 family.[1]
Upgraded and Westernised Y-7.
In the early 1990s, North Korea installed N-019 Topaz pulse-Doppler radars on at least one of its An-24 aircraft in an attempt to achieve a rudimentary Airborne Early Warning capability.[6] Operational historyOperatorsMilitary operators
Former military operators
Civil operatorsAs of July 2018, 86 An-24s were in airline service.[10] Following fatal incidents in July 2011 Russian President (now Prime Minister) Dmitry Medvedev proposed the accelerated decommissioning of AN-24s,[11] which resulted in a ban for this type from scheduled flights inside Russia.[12]
Currently (spring 2016), only Motor Sich Airlines runs scheduled passenger services with AN-24 aircraft. Former civil operatorsCivil operators have included:
Accidents{{main|List of accidents and incidents involving the Antonov An-24}}Specifications (An-24){{aerospecs|ref=[13] |met or eng?=met |genhide= |crew=4 |capacity=50 |length m=23.53 |length ft=77 |length in=2 |span m=29.2 |span ft=95 |span in=10 |height m=8.32 |height ft=27 |height in=4 |wing area sqm=74.97 |wing area sqft=806 |aspect ratio=11.38 |empty weight kg=13,300 |empty weight lb=29,321 |gross weight kg=21,000 |gross weight lb=46,300 |eng1 number=2 |eng1 type=Ivchenko AI-24 Turboprop engines |eng1 kw=1,902 |eng1 hp=2,550 |eng2 number= |perfhide= |max speed kmh= |max speed mph= |max speed kts= |cruise speed kmh=450 |cruise speed mph=280 |cruise speed kts=243 |stall speed kmh= |stall speed mph= |stall speed kts= |range km=2,761 |range miles=1,716 |range nm=1,491 |ceiling m=8,400 |ceiling ft=27,560 |climb rate ms= |climb rate ftmin= }} See also{{aircontent|related=
|similar aircraft=
|lists=
|see also= }} Notes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 Gordon, Yefim. Komissarov, Dmitry & Sergey. “Antonov's Turboprop Twins”. Hinkley. Midland. 2003. {{ISBN|1-85780-153-9}} 2. ^https://aerotransport.org/php/go.php?cprotect=1 3. ^Stroud 1968, pp. 78–79. 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Antonov/An-24 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-11-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151104013759/http://russianplanes.net/planelist/Antonov/An-24 |archivedate=4 November 2015 |df=dmy-all }} 5. ^The An-24 incident at Gambell, Alaska occurred 27 February 1974, when a Soviet Antonov An-24LR "Toros" (CCCP-47195) ice reconnaissance aircraft, low on fuel, carrying three crew members and twelve scientists, landed at Gambell Airport. 6. ^Bermudez, J. "MiG-29 in KPAF Service", The KPA Journal, vol. 2 No. 4, April 2011, p. 2 7. ^Hoyle Flight International 8–14 December 2015, p. 46. 8. ^Hoyle Flight International 8–14 December 2015, p. 51. 9. ^Marnix Sap, Carlo Brummer: Fortele Aeriene Romane in: Lotnictwo Nr. 4/2010 {{pl icon}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/24536|title=World Airline Census 2018|last=|first=|date=|website=Flightglobal.com|language=en-GB|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-08-22}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/medvedevs-impossible-airplane-ban/440554.html|title=Medvedev's Impossible Airplane Ban|last=Odynova|first=Alexandra|date=15 July 2011|work=article|publisher=The Moscow Times|accessdate=12 February 2013}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://mintrans.ru/news/detail.php?ELEMENT_ID=16427|title=Во исполнение поручения Президента Российской Федерации Минтрансом России рассматривается возможность вывода самолетов Ан-24 из эксплуатации на регулярных воздушных линиях|date=11 July 2011|work=press release|publisher=The Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation|accessdate=12 February 2013}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dutchops.com/AC_Data/Antonov/Antonov_24/Antonov_24.htm|title=Antonov An-24 General Information|year=2009|publisher=DutchOps.com|accessdate=22 October 2011|location=Netherlands}} References{{Reflist}}{{refbegin}}
External links
6 : Antonov aircraft|Soviet airliners 1960–1969|Soviet military transport aircraft 1960–1969|High-wing aircraft|Twin-turboprop tractor aircraft|Aircraft first flown in 1959 |
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