| 词条 | Nothobranchius |
| 释义 |
| name = Nothobranchius | image = Nothobranchius rachovii male 450px.jpg | image_caption = Nothobranchius rachovii | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Actinopterygii | ordo = Cyprinodontiformes | familia = Nothobranchiidae | genus = Nothobranchius | genus_authority = Peters, 1868 | type_species = Cyprinodon orthonotus | type_species_authority = (Peters, 1844) | synonyms =Adiniops Myers, 1924 Fundulosoma Ahl, 1924 Zononothobranchius Radda, 1969 Aphyobranchius Wildekamp, 1977 Paranothobranchius Seegers, 1985 }}Nothobranchius is a genus of small, freshwater annual fish. It has been alternatively classified in the family Nothobranchiidae[1][1] or a more inclusive Aplocheilidae.[2] The species are mainly found in East Africa from Sudan to northern South Africa, but half a dozen species are found in the upper Congo River Basin and two species (N. rubroreticulatus and N. thierryi) are from west-central Africa. The greatest species richness is in Tanzania. Many species have very small distributions. There are many species: as of 2018 there are more than 70 species.[3]Nothobranchius are typical annual killifish, part of the order Cyprinodontiformes. They inhabit ephemeral pools filled during the monsoon season, being adapted to the alteration of dry and wet seasons. Nothobranchius show extreme life-history adaptations: embryos survive by entering diapause, within eggs that have a very hard chorion and are resistant to desiccation and hypoxia. When the habitats dry up, the adult fish die and the eggs survive encased in the clay during the dry season.[4] The genus includes the vertebrates with the shortest life span. Nothobranchius furzeri from Mozambique and Zimbabwe lives for between 3 and 6 months. It reaches maturity in 17 days.[4] EtymologyGreek "nothos": false, spurious, and "branchia": gill. SpeciesThere are currently 75 recognized species in this genus:[3]
References1. ^van der Laan, R., Eschmeyer, W.N. & Fricke, R. (2014): Family-group names of Recent fishes. Zootaxa, 3882 (2): 1–230. {{Taxonbar|from=Q144094}}2. ^Costa, W.J.E.M. (2016): Comparative morphology and classification of South American cynopoeciline killifishes (Cyprinodontiformes: Aplocheilidae), with notes on family-group names used for aplocheiloids. Vertebrate Zoology, 66 (2): 125-140. 3. ^1 2 {{FishBase_genus | genus = Nothobranchius | month = September | year = 2018 }} 4. ^1 Alexander Dorn, Zuzana Musilová, Matthias Platzer, Kathrin Reichwald and Alessandro Celler (2014) The strange case of East African annual fishes: aridification correlates with diversification for a savannah aquatic group? BMC Evolutionary Biology 14:210. DOI: 10.1186/s12862-014-0210-3 5. ^1 Valdesalici, S. (2014): Nothobranchius bellemansi and Nothobranchius occultus (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) two new annual killifish from Sudan. Killi-Data Series, 2014: 4-19. 6. ^Watters, B.R., Wildekamp, R.H. & Shidlovskiy, K.M. (2015): Description and biogeography of Nothobranchius capriviensis, a new species of annual killifish from the Zambezi Region of Namibia (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Journal of the American Killifish Association, 47 (4-6): 97-133. 7. ^Nagy, B. (2014): Nothobranchius chochamandai, a new species of annual killifish from the Luapula drainage, Democratic Republic of Congo (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (2): 167-183. 8. ^Nagy, B. (2014): Nothobranchius flagrans, a new species of annual killifish from the Lufira drainage, Democratic Republic of Congo (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 25 (3): 259-276. 9. ^Costa, W.J.E.M. (2017): [https://zse.pensoft.net/articles.php?id=11041 Redescription of Nothobranchius lucius and description of a new species from Mafia Island, eastern Tanzania (Cyprinodontiformes, Aplocheilidae).] Zoosystematics and Evolution, 93 (1): 35-44. 10. ^1 Valdesalici, S. (2012): Nothobranchius kardashevi and Nothobranchius ivanovae (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae): two new annual killifishes from the Katuma River drainage, western Tanzania. aqua, International Journal of Ichthyology, 18 (4): 191-198. 11. ^{{cite journal|url=http://mapress.com/zootaxa/2010/f/zt02332p060.pdf|title=Nothobranchius kadleci (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species of annual killifish from central Mozambique|author=Reichard, M.|journal=Zootaxa|volume=2332|pages=49–60|year=2010}} 12. ^Nagy, B. (2014): Nothobranchius milvertzi, a new species of killifish from the Lushiba Marsh in the Lake Mweru drainage, Zambia (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 24 (4): 347-360. 13. ^Valdesalici, S., Bills, R., Dorn, A., Reichwald, K. & Cellerino, A. (2012): Nothobranchius niassa (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae), a new species of annual killifish from northern Mozambique. Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 23 (1): 19-28. 14. ^1 2 Wildekamp, R.H., Watters, B.R. & Shidlovskiy, K.M. (2014): Review of the Nothobranchius neumanni species group with descriptions of three new species from Tanzania (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Journal of the American Killifish Association, 47 (1): 2-30. 15. ^Nagy, B., Cotterill, F.P.D. & Bellstedt, D.U. (2016): Nothobranchius sainthousei, a new species of annual killifish from the Luapula River drainage in northern Zambia (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 27 (3): 233-254. 16. ^Valdesalici, S. (2016): Nothobranchius streltsovi, a new species of annual killifish with two male colour morphs from the Malagarasi drainage, central Tanzania (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae). Ichthyological Exploration of Freshwaters, 27 (2): 153-161. 17. ^Valdesalici, S. (2015): Nothobranchius torgashevi (Cyprinodontiformes: Nothobranchiidae) a new species of annual killifish with two male colour morphs from the Lake Eyasi Basin, Central Tanzania. Killi-Data Series, 2015: 17-30. 18. ^Ng'oma, E., Valdesalici, S., Reichwald, K. & Cellerino, A. (2013): Genetic and morphological studies of Nothobranchius (Cyprinodontiformes) from Malawi with description of Nothobranchius wattersi sp. nov. Journal of Fish Biology, 82 (1): 165–188. 3 : Aplocheilidae|Freshwater fish genera|Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters |
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