| 词条 | Antony Hewish |
| 释义 |
| name = Antony Hewish | box_width = | image = | image_size = | alt = | caption = | honorific_suffix = {{post-nominals|country=GBR|size=100%|FRS|FInstP}} | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1924|05|11}} | birth_place = Fowey, Cornwall, England | death_date = | death_place = | death_cause = | residence = | citizenship = | nationality = United Kingdom | thesis_title = The fluctuations of galactic radio waves | thesis_year = 1952 | thesis_url = http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=35256 | fields = Radio astronomy | education = King's College, Taunton | alma_mater = University of Cambridge (BA, PhD) | workplaces = {{Plainlist|
| doctoral_advisor = | academic_advisors = | doctoral_students = Jocelyn Bell Burnell[1] | notable_students = | known_for = Pulsars | influences = | influenced = | awards = {{Plainlist|
| signature = | signature_alt = | footnotes = | spouse = {{marriage|Marjorie Richards|1950}}[2] }}Antony Hewish {{post-nominals|country=GBR|FRS|FInstP}}[3] (born 11 May 1924) is a British radio astronomer who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1974 (together with fellow radio-astronomer Martin Ryle)[2] for his role in the discovery of pulsars. He was also awarded the Eddington Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society in 1969.[3][4][7] Early life and educationHewish attended King's College, Taunton. His undergraduate degree at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge, was interrupted by war service at the Royal Aircraft Establishment, and at the Telecommunications Research Establishment where he worked with Martin Ryle. Returning to Cambridge in 1946, Hewish completed his degree and immediately joined Ryle's research team at the Cavendish Laboratory, obtaining his PhD in 1952.[5] Hewish made both practical and theoretical advances in the observation and exploitation of the apparent scintillations of radio sources due to their radiation impinging upon plasma. This led him to propose, and secure funding for, the construction of the Interplanetary Scintillation Array, a large array radio telescope at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO), Cambridge to conduct a high time-resolution radio survey of interplanetary scintillation. Career and researchHewish was professor of radio astronomy at the Cavendish Laboratory from 1971 to 1989, and head of the MRAO from 1982 to 1988. He developed an association with the Royal Institution in London when it was directed by Sir Lawrence Bragg. In 1965 he was invited to co-deliver the Royal Institution Christmas Lecture on Exploration of the Universe. He subsequently gave several Friday Evening Discourses[6] and was made a Professor of the Royal Institution in 1977.[7][8] Hewish is a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge. He is also a member of the Advisory Council for the Campaign for Science and Engineering.[9] Awards and honoursHewish has Honorary degrees from six universities including Manchester, Exeter and Cambridge, is a Foreign Member of the Belgian Royal Academy and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the Indian National Science Academy. Other awards and honours include:[7]
Nobel PrizeOne of his PhD students, Jocelyn Bell (later known as Jocelyn Bell Burnell), noted the radio source which was ultimately recognised as the first pulsar. The paper announcing the discovery[12] had five authors, Hewish's name being listed first, Bell's second. Hewish and Martin Ryle were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1974 for work on the development of radio aperture synthesis and its role in the discovery of pulsars. The Nobel award to Ryle and Hewish without the inclusion of Bell as a co-recipient was controversial, and was roundly condemned by Hewish's fellow astronomer Fred Hoyle.[13] See Nobel prize controversies.[14] Personal lifeHewish married Marjorie Elizabeth Catherine Richards in 1950. They have a son, a physicist, and a daughter, a language teacher.[6][15] Religious viewsHewish has argued that religion and science are complementary. In the foreword to Questions of Truth Hewish writes, "The ghostly presence of virtual particles defies rational common sense and is non-intuitive for those unacquainted with physics. Religious belief in God, and Christian belief ... may seem strange to common-sense thinking. But when the most elementary physical things behave in this way, we should be prepared to accept that the deepest aspects of our existence go beyond our common-sense understanding."[16] References1. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Susan Jocelyn|last=Bell |title=The Measurement of radio source diameters using a diffraction method |publisher=University of Cambridge |date=1968 |url=https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/260694|website=repository.cam.ac.uk|id={{EThOS|uk.bl.ethos.449485}}|doi=10.17863/CAM.4926|authorlink=Jocelyn Bell Burnell}} {{free access}} {{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 1951-1975}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hewish, Antony}}2. ^{{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/818659203|title=The road to Stockholm : Nobel Prizes, science, and scientists|last=István.|first=Hargittai,|date=2007|origyear=2002|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0198607857|location=Oxford|oclc=818659203}} 3. ^{{Cite journal|pmid= 17798425|last=Hewish|first=|publication-date=13 June 1975|date=1975|title=Pulsars and High Density Physics.|volume=188|issue=4193|periodical=|pages=1079–1083|doi = 10.1126/science.188.4193.1079|journal = Science|first1 = A|bibcode = 1975Sci...188.1079H|postscript= {{inconsistent citations}} }} 4. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nobel-winners.com/Physics/antony_hewish.html |title=Antony Hewish |work=nobel-winners.com |year=2006 |accessdate=16 December 2015}} 5. ^{{cite thesis |degree=PhD |first=Antony|last=Hewish |title=The Fluctuations of Galactic Radio Waves |publisher=University of Cambridge |date=1952 |url=http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=35256}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1974/hewish-bio.html |title=Antony Hewish - Biographical |work=nobelprize.org |year=2015 |accessdate=16 December 2015}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{Who's Who |surname =HEWISH |othernames=Prof. Antony |id=U19992 |volume=2015 |edition= online Oxford University Press}} {{subscription required}} 8. ^but according to a search of the Royal Institution website he was Professor of Astronomy during 1976–1981 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |title=Advisory Council |work=Campaign for Science and Engineering |accessdate=11 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100828110110/http://www.sciencecampaign.org.uk/about/who/advisory.htm |archivedate=28 August 2010 |df=dmy }} 10. ^1 {{cite web|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117031352/https://royalsociety.org/people/antony-hewish-11609/|archivedate=2015-11-17|url=https://royalsociety.org/people/antony-hewish-11609/|title=Professor Antony Hewish FRS|publisher=Royal Society|location=London}} 11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=MICH+&sy=1967&ey=1997&name=Submit |title=Franklin Laureate Database – Albert A. Michelson Medal Laureates |work=Franklin Institute |accessdate={{Format date|2011|6|15|df=y}} |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120406103546/http://www.fi.edu/winners/show_results.faw?gs=&ln=&fn=&keyword=&subject=&award=MICH+&sy=1967&ey=1997&name=Submit |archivedate=6 April 2012 |df=dmy-all }} 12. ^{{cite journal |url= http://www.nature.com/physics/looking-back/hewish/index.html |title=Observation of a Rapidly Pulsating Radio Source |first1=A. |last1=Hewish |first2=S. J. |last2=Bell |first3=J. D. H. |last3=Pilkington |first4=P. F. |last4=Scott |first5=R. A. |last5=Collins |journal=Nature |volume=217 |issue=5130 |pages=709–713 |date=February 1968 |doi=10.1038/217709a0 |bibcode=1968Natur.217..709H |accessdate=16 December 2015 |lastauthoramp=yes}} 13. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b016812j |title=The Life Scientific, Dame Jocelyn Bell Burnell |work=BBC Radio 4 |date=25 October 2011 |accessdate=16 December 2015}} 14. ^{{cite journal |url= http://www.bigear.org/CSMO/HTML/CS01/cs01p16.htm |journal=Cosmic Search |title=Little Green Men, White Dwarfs or Pulsars? |first=S. Jocelyn |last=Bell Burnell |volume=1 |number=1 |date=January 1979 |page=16 |accessdate=16 December 2015|bibcode = 1979CosSe...1...16B }} 15. ^{{cite web |url= http://janus.lib.cam.ac.uk/db/node.xsp?id=EAD%2FGBR%2F0014%2FHWSH |title=Janus: The Papers of Professor Antony Hewish |work=Cambridge University Library |year=2015 |accessdate=16 December 2015}} 16. ^{{cite book |last1=Polkinghorne |first1=John |last2=Beale |first2=Nicholas |title=Questions of Truth: Fifty-one Responses to Questions about God, Science, and Belief |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jiXANZ1CPD4C |date=19 January 2009 |publisher=Westminster John Knox Press |page=12 |isbn=978-1-61164-003-8 |accessdate=27 July 2012}} 17 : Living people|1924 births|Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|English astronomers|British Nobel laureates|Fellows of Churchill College, Cambridge|Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge|Nobel laureates in Physics|People from Fowey|Fellows of the Royal Society|Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy|English Christians|People educated at King's College, Taunton|People from Taunton|English Nobel laureates|Spectroscopists|Radio astronomers |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。