| 词条 | 2011 Libyan rape allegations |
| 释义 |
The 2011 Libyan rape allegations refer to allegations that arose in April 2011 that Gaddafi's forces in Libya were committing mass rape during the 2011 Libyan civil war. In 2014, the new Libyan government has said that compensation should be paid for the victims of rape during the war.[1] Allegations arose in 2011 that Viagra and other impotency drugs were being distributed by Gaddafi to sustain the rapes.[2] The charges have been denied by Libyan diplomats as propaganda.[2] In June 2011, the International Criminal Court began an investigation into the rape allegations seeking to add the rapes to Gaddafi's list of war crimes charges.[3][4] Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch[5] and Doctors Without Borders[6] failed to find first-hand evidence that mass rapes were occurring, and the lack of evidence for these claims was confirmed by the UN's investigator, M. Cherif Bassiouni.[7] After the civil war, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, said there was evidence that Gaddafi told soldiers to rape women who had spoken out against his regime.[9] 2011 allegations{{Quote box|quote = There's some information with Viagra. So, it's like a machete. It's new. Viagra is a tool of massive rape. |source = — Luis Moreno Ocampo, ICC Chief Prosecutor[8][9] |width = 25% }} Hillary ClintonUnited States secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, has noted that "rape, physical intimidation, sexual harassment, and even so-called 'virginity tests' have taken place in countries throughout the region."[10] Secretary Clinton has also stated that "It is an affront to all people who are yearning to live in a society free from violence with respect for basic human rights. We urge all governments to conduct immediate, transparent investigations into these allegations, and to hold accountable those found responsible."[11] Ironically, in 2016 there were reports that African women were being raped by the same Libyan rebels who overthrew Gadhafi. This is part of a larger picture of abuse of black Africans in Libya that is emerging in the wake of the rebel victory, born of allegations that Gadhafi often hired sub-Saharan Africans to fight for him.[12] Muammar GaddafiIn the 1970s and 1980s there were reports of Muammar Gaddafi making sexual advances toward female reporters and members of his entourage.{{sfnm|1a1=Harris|1y=1986|1pp=53–54|2a1=Blundy|2a2=Lycett|2y=1987|2pp=22–23}} After the civil war, more serious charges came to light. {{Interlanguage link multi|Annick Cojean|fr}}, a journalist for Le Monde, wrote in her book, Gaddafi's Harem that Gaddafi had raped, tortured, performed urolagnia, and imprisoned hundreds or thousands of women, usually very young.[13] Another source—Libyan psychologist Seham Sergewa—reported that several of his female bodyguards claim to have been raped by Gaddafi and senior officials.[14] After the civil war, Luis Moreno-Ocampo, prosecutor for the International Criminal Court, said there was evidence that Gaddafi told soldiers to rape women who had spoken out against his regime.[14] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26270890|title=Libya Gaddafi rape victims to be compensated|date=20 Feb 2014|publisher=BBC}} 2. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/29/diplomat-gaddafi-troops-viagra-mass-rape|title=Gaddafi 'supplies troops with Viagra to encourage mass rape', claims diplomat|date=29 April 2011|publisher=Guardian|last=MacAskill|first=Ewen|location=London}} 3. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jun/08/gaddafi-forces-libya-britain-nato|title=Gaddafi faces new ICC charges for using rape as weapon in conflict|date=9 June 2011|publisher=Guardian|location=London|first1=Xan|last1=Rice|first2=Richard|last2=Norton-Taylor|first3=Ed|last3=Pilkington|first4=Chris|last4=Stephen}} 4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/8564999/Gaddafi-ordered-mass-rape-as-a-weapon-International-Criminal-Court-claims.html|title=Gaddafi ordered mass rape as a weapon, International Criminal Court claims |date=9 Jun 2011|publisher=The Telegraph|location=London}} 5. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/africa/amnesty-questions-claim-that-gaddafi-ordered-rape-as-weapon-of-war-2302037.html|date=June 24, 2011|title=Amnesty questions claim that Gaddafi ordered rape as weapon of war|publisher=The Independent|last=Cockburn|first=Patrick|location=London}} 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-07-06/rape-as-weapon-of-war-is-un-focus-after-libyan-woman-s-plight.html|title=Rape as Weapon of War Is UN Focus|publisher=Bloomberg|date=Jul 6, 2011|first1=Flavia|last1=Krause-Jackson|first2=Caroline|last2=Alexander}} 7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/libya-rape-claims-hysteria-investigator/story-e6frf7jx-1226072781882|date=June 10, 2011|title=Libya rape claims 'hysteria' - investigator|publisher=Herald Sun}} 8. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-05-17/world/libya.rapes.icc_1_rapes-viagra-pills-libyan-leader-moammar-gadhafi?_s=PM:WORLD|title=ICC to investigate reports of Viagra-fueled gang-rapes in Libya|publisher=CNN|date=May 17, 2011}} 9. ^{{cite video|url=http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2011/05/17/exp.tsr.robertson.libya.viagra.cnn|title=Libya troops using rape as a weapon|publisher=CNN|date=May 17, 2011}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/Clinton-accuses-Gaddafi-of-using-rape-as-a-tool/Article1-710387.aspx|date=June 17, 2011|title=Clinton accuses Gaddafi of using rape as a tool|publisher=hindustantimes}} 11. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.voanews.com/policy/editorials/africa/Clinton-Condemns--125661488.html|title=Clinton Condemns Sexual Violence In the Mideast|date=2011-07-15|publisher=VOA|accessdate=26 July 2011}} 12. ^http://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article1938633.html 13. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/book-review-gaddafis-harem-by-annick-cojean-trans-marjolijn-de-jager-8901967.html|title=Book review: Gaddafi's Harem, By Annick Cojean, trans. Marjolijn de Jager|author=Leyla Sanai|accessdate=25 October 2013|publisher=The Independent UK|location=London|date=25 October 2013}} 14. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/africaandindianocean/libya/6224056/Muammar-Gaddafi-delivers-100-minute-speech-to-UN-general-assembly.html|title=Muammar Gaddafi delivers 100 minute speech to UN general assembly|author=Tom Leonard|location=New York|date=24 September 2009|accessdate=29 November 2013|publisher=The Telegraph}} External links{{ external media| align = right | width = 350px | audio1 = Gaddafi accused of ordering mass rape, ABC News | video1 = UN suspects Gaddafi approved mass-rape policy, Euronews | video2 = Gaddafi ordered mass rape, ICC prosecutor says, France 24 | video3 = [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-13708941 Gaddafi accused of using rape as weapon], BBC | video4 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TcED3bJj_YY Allegations Qaddafi Gave Troops Viagra-Like Medicine, Ordered Them to Rape Thousands of Women], FoxNews | video5 = Gaddafi Soldiers Given Viagra and Condoms for Rape?, Newsy.com | video6 = [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXr74CgRPFM Gaddafi forces accused of rape], AlJazeera | video7 = Libya troops using rape as a weapon?, CNN | video8 = Gadhafi troops of mass rape, CNN }}{{2011 Libyan civil war}} 3 : Libyan Civil War (2011)|Wartime sexual violence|Propaganda legends |
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