请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 2011 Norway attacks
释义

  1. Preparation for the attacks

     Failed attempt to buy weapons in Prague  Arming in Norway and through the Internet  Breivik Geofarm  Weapons training 

  2. Oslo bombing

     Impact on transportation 

  3. Utøya massacre

     Attack  Rescue and emergency response  Shortage of transport capacity  Arrest of innocent survivor 

  4. Casualties

     Oslo  Utøya 

  5. Perpetrator

     Mental health  Political and religious views  Unsubstantiated claims of Breivik being assisted 

  6. Reactions

     Domestic  International  Memorial ceremonies  Memorials and symbol  National memorial at Sørbråten, in limbo  The preserved, shattered display case for newspaper pages  Attempts at art creation 

  7. Legal proceedings

  8. After-effects

     In Norway  Czech copycat  Polish copycat  Embezzlement from terror attack victims fund  Semi-automatic weapon ban for hunting and Mini-14 rifle ban  Inspiration for the New Zealand mosque mass shooter 

  9. In popular culture

     Films  Music  Television 

  10. See also

  11. References

  12. Further reading

  13. External links

     Images 
{{short description|Two sequential domestic terrorist attacks in Norway on 22 July 2011}}{{redirect|Oslo bombing|the attack in 1982|Oslo Central Station bombing}}{{pp-move-indef}}{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2018}}{{Infobox civilian attack
|title=2011 Norway attacks
|image=Oslo view of city.jpg
|image_size=250px
|caption=31 minutes after the explosion in Oslo
|location= Oslo and Utøya, Norway
|target=Labour Party[1][2]
|coordinates={{Coord|59.9149776|N|10.746544|E|format=dms|region:NO_type:event|display=inline,title|name=2011 Oslo explosion}}
|map ={{Image label begin | image=Oslo and Utøya v2.jpg | width=250| float=left | title=Oslo and Utøya}}{{Image label marker |x=919 |y=835
|text=Government quarter (Oslo)
|font-size=10px |text-width=75px |style=line-height:1; |y-textadjust=-2 |marker-size=9
|text-color=yellow |x-orig=1355 |width=250 }}{{Image label marker |x=136 |y=493
|text=Utøya island
|font-size=10px |text-width=99px |style=line-height:1; |y-textadjust=0 |marker-size=9
|text-color=yellow |x-orig=1355 |width=250 }}{{Image label end}}
|map_caption = Locations of the incidents in the Oslo and Buskerud counties of Norway
|date={{Start date|2011|07|22|df=y}}
|time={{plainlist|style=margin-top:0.5em|
  • Oslo: 15:25[3] CEST
  • Utøya: 17:22–18:34 CEST[3][4]}}

|timezone=00
|type=Car bomb, mass shooting, terrorism
|weapons={{plainlist|
  • Oslo: Car bomb (made using ANFO)
  • Utøya: Semi-automatic rifle (Ruger Mini-14) and semi-automatic pistol (Glock 34)[5]}}
    |fatalities={{plainlist|
    • Oslo: 8
    • Utøya: 69 (67 from gunfire)
    • Total: 77[7][8]}}

    |injuries={{plainlist|
    • Oslo: At least 209
    • Utøya: At least 110 (32 by gunfire)[9]
    • Total: At least 319[10][11][12]}}

    |perp=Fjotolf Hansen, previously Anders Behring Breivik

    |susperps=
    |numparts=
    |motive = Far-right extremism[6]
    }}

    The 2011 Norway attacks, referred to in Norway as 22 July ({{lang-no|22. juli}})[7] or as 22/7,[8] were two sequential lone wolf domestic terrorist

    attacks by Anders Behring Breivik against the government, the civilian population, and a Workers' Youth League (AUF) summer camp, in which 77 people were killed.

    The first attack was a car bomb explosion in Oslo within Regjeringskvartalet, the executive government quarter of Norway, at 15:25:22 (CEST).[9] The bomb was placed inside of a van[10] next to the tower block housing the office of the Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg.[11] The explosion killed eight people and injured at least 209 people, twelve severely.[12][13][14]

    The second attack occurred less than two hours later at a summer camp on the island of Utøya in Tyrifjorden, Buskerud. The camp was organized by the AUF, the youth division of the ruling Norwegian Labour Party (AP). Breivik, dressed in a homemade police uniform and showing false identification,[15][16] took a ferry to the island and opened fire at the participants, killing 69[17][18][19] and injuring at least 110, 55 seriously.[13][14] Among the dead were friends of Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg, and the stepbrother of Norway's crown princess Mette-Marit.[20]

    The attack was the deadliest in Norway since World War II.[21][22] A survey found that one in four Norwegians knew someone affected.[23] The European Union, NATO and several countries expressed their support for Norway and condemned the attacks. The 2012 Gjørv Report concluded that Norway's police could have prevented the bombing and caught Breivik faster at Utøya, and that measures to prevent further attacks and "mitigate adverse effects" should have been implemented.[24]

    The Norwegian Police arrested Anders Behring Breivik, a 32-year-old Norwegian right-wing extremist,[25] on Utøya island[26] and charged him with both attacks.[27] His trial took place between 16 April and 22 June 2012 in Oslo District Court, where Breivik admitted carrying out the attacks, but denied criminal guilt and claimed the defense of necessity ({{lang|la|jus necessitatis}}).[28] On 24 August, Breivik was convicted as charged and sentenced to 21 years of preventive detention in prison, the maximum sentence allowed in Norway. The sentence can be extended indefinitely as long as the prisoner is deemed a threat to society.

    Preparation for the attacks

    {{Neo-fascism}}

    Breivik claims to have begun the planning of the terrorist acts in 2002, at the age of 23. He had participated for years in debates on Internet forums and spoken against Islam and immigration.[29] He was preparing for the attacks from at least as early as 2009, though he concealed his violent intentions.[30][31][32][42]

    Failed attempt to buy weapons in Prague

    {{see also|Gun politics in the Czech Republic}}

    Breivik spent six days in Prague in late August and early September 2010. Following his Internet inquiry, Breivik noted that "Prague is known for maybe being the most important transit site point for illicit drugs and weapons in Europe". Despite the fact that Prague has one of the lowest crime rates among European capitals,[33] Breivik expressed reservations about his personal safety, writing that (before his trip there) he believed Prague to be a dangerous place with "many brutal and cynical criminals".[34]

    He hollowed out the rear seats of his Hyundai Atos in order to have enough space for the firearms he hoped to buy. After two days, he got a prospectus for a mineral extraction business printed, which was supposed to give him an alibi in case someone suspected him of preparing a terrorist attack.[34] He wanted to buy an AK-47-type rifle (this firearm is not common in the country, unlike the Vz. 58,[35]), a Glock pistol, hand-grenades and a rocket-propelled grenade, stating that getting the latter two would be a "bonus".[42][34]

    Breivik had several fake police badges printed to wear with a police uniform, which he had acquired illegally on the Internet, and which he later wore during the attack.[15][16] Contrary to his expectations, he was unable to get any firearms in the Czech Republic, commenting that it was the "first major setback in [his] operation". In the end, he concluded that Prague was "far from an ideal city to buy guns", nothing like "what the BBC reported", and that he had felt "safer in Prague than in Oslo".[36][34][37]

    Arming in Norway and through the Internet

    {{see also|Gun politics in Norway}}

    Originally, Breivik intended to try to obtain weapons in Germany or Serbia if his mission in Prague failed. The Czech disappointment led him to procure his weapons through legal channels.[37] He decided to obtain a semi-automatic rifle and a Glock pistol legally in Norway, noting that he had a "clean criminal record, hunting license, and two guns (a Benelli Nova 12 gauge pump-action shotgun and a .308 bolt-action rifle) already for seven years", and that obtaining the guns legally should therefore not be a problem.[36]

    Upon returning to Norway, Breivik obtained a legal permit for a .223-caliber Ruger Mini-14 semi-automatic carbine, ostensibly for the purpose of hunting deer. He bought it in late 2010 for €1,400 ($2000). He wanted to purchase a 7.62×39mm Ruger Mini-30 semi-automatic carbine, but decided for unknown reasons to buy the Mini-14.

    Getting a permit for the pistol proved more difficult, as he had to demonstrate regular attendance at a sport shooting club.[34] He also bought ten 30-round magazines for the rifle from a United States supplier, and six magazines for the pistol (including four 30-round magazines) in Norway. From November 2010 to January 2011 he went through 15 training sessions at the Oslo Pistol Club, and by mid-January his application to purchase a Glock pistol was approved.[38][39]

    Breivik claimed in his manifesto that he bought 300 g of sodium nitrate[40] from a Polish shop for {{currency|10|euro}}.[60] The Polish ABW interviewed the company owner on 24 July 2011.[41] Breivik's Polish purchases initially led to his being placed on the watch list of the Norwegian intelligence, which did not act because they did not believe his actions were relevant to their terror concerns.[42]

    He had also planned a last religious service (in Frogner Church, Oslo) before the attack.[34]

    Breivik Geofarm

    On 18 May 2009 Behring Breivik created a sole proprietorship called Breivik Geofarm, a company established under the fictitious purpose of cultivating vegetables, melons, roots and tubers.[43][44] The real purpose was to gain access to chemicals and materials, especially fertiliser that could be used for the production of explosives without arousing suspicion.

    The place of business was given as Åmot in Hedmark. On 4 May 2011, Breivik purchased {{convert|6|tonnes|lb}} of fertilizer through Geofarm at Felleskjøpet, {{convert|3|tonnes|lb}} of ammonium nitrate and {{convert|3|tonnes|lb}} of calcium ammonium nitrate. According to neighbours, all the fertiliser was stored in his barn.[45] After conducting a reconstruction of the bomb with equivalent amount of fertilizer on the farm in Åmot, police and bomb experts concluded that the bomb had been {{convert|950|kg|abbr=on}},[46] about the same size as the one used in the 2002 Bali bombings. Afterwards there was significant debate in Norway about how an amateur could acquire such substantial amounts of fertiliser and manufacture and place such a lethal weapon in the middle of Regjeringskvartalet all by himself. The conclusion by Felleskjøpet was that there is no legislation to keep agricultural businesses from buying as much fertiliser as they like, and that there was nothing suspicious about Breivik's purchase.[47] This was confirmed by the director of the Norwegian Police Security Service, Janne Kristiansen, who stated "not even the Stasi could have prevented this attack".[48]

    The company listed at least two Swedish employees at the social networking site Facebook, but it is uncertain whether these people existed.[49]

    In April 2011 he reported moving from Oslo to Vålstua farm in the municipality of Åmot, about {{convert|9|km|0}} south of the community centre Rena, on the east side of Glomma.[50] His agricultural company was run from the farm, and gave him access to ingredients for explosives.[51]

    His {{convert|950|kg|adj=on}} car bomb exploded in central Oslo on 22 July 2011 where it killed eight people.[52] He had between {{convert|1000|and|1500|kg}} of additional material that was left on the farm and could be used for construction of a second bomb.[53]

    Weapons training

    Beside visiting firing ranges and countries with relaxed gun laws to sharpen his skill, Breivik's manifesto says that he made use of the video game Modern Warfare 2 as a training aid while using World of Warcraft as a cover for his extended period of isolation.[54] He also said that he honed his shooting skills using an in-game holographic sight similar to the one he used during the attacks.[55]

    Oslo bombing

    {{main|Timeline of the 2011 Norway attacks#22 July 2011}}

    On 22 July 2011 at 15:25:22 (CEST) a bomb detonated in Regjeringskvartalet, central Oslo.[9] The bomb was placed in a white Volkswagen Crafter[10] and parked in front of the H block,[56] housing the Office of the Prime Minister, Ministry of Justice and the Police, and several other governmental buildings, such as the Ministry of Petroleum and Energy (R4), Ministry of Finance (G block), Ministry of Education and Research (Y block) and the Supreme Court of Norway (behind the G block).[57][58]

    The Crafter was registered by surveillance cameras as entering Grubbegata from Grensen at 15:13:23. The van stopped at 15:13:43, {{convert|200|m}} before the H block. It stood still with the hazard warning lamps on for 1 minute and 54 seconds. The driver then drove the last 200 metres and parked the van in front of the main entrance of the main government building.[59][60] The van was parked at 15:16:30. The front door of the van opened 16 seconds later and after another 16 seconds the driver stepped out of the van. He stood outside the van for 7 seconds before he quickly walked away towards Hammersborg torg, where he had another car parked.[61]

    The driver was dressed like a police officer and had a gun in his hand. A police helmet with a face shield was covering his face. Breivik was not positively identified.[62]

    The explosion started fires in the H block ({{lang|no|H-blokka}}) and R4, and the shock wave blew out the windows on all floors as well as in the VG house and other buildings on the other side of the square.[63] The streets in the area were filled with glass and debris. A cloud of white smoke was reported as a fire continued to burn at the Department of Oil and Energy. The blast was heard at least {{convert|7|km}} away.[58]

    At 15:26 the police received the first message about the explosion,[63] and at 15:28 the first police patrol reported arriving at the scene.[63] At the same time, news agency NTB was told that the Prime Minister was unhurt and safe.[63]

    A witness called police at 15:34 to report a person in a police uniform holding a pistol in his hand, entering an unmarked vehicle.[64] Information—including the vehicle's license plate number and description of the suspect—was written on a yellow note, and hand delivered to the police operations central where it lay for twenty minutes[64] before the witness was phoned back. The license plate number was not transmitted on the police radio until two hours later.

    Following the explosion, police cleared the area and searched for any additional explosive devices.[65] Through media outlets, police urged citizens to evacuate central Oslo.[66]

    Police later announced that the bomb was composed of a mixture of fertilizer and fuel oil (ANFO), similar to that used in the Oklahoma City bombing.[67][68]{{clear left}}

    The blast was caught on many security cameras.[69]

    Impact on transportation

    Immediately after the explosion, the area surrounding the damaged buildings was cordoned off and evacuated. People were asked to remain calm and leave the city centre if possible, but there was no general evacuation. The Oslo Metro remained operational, and most of the Oslo tram network was also running, although sporadically, except for the line through Grensen (the street between Prof. Aschehoug's plass and Stortorvet).[70] Buses also continued to run, although at least one articulated bus on the No.37 line, which stops outside the Ministry of Finance, was commandeered to evacuate the walking wounded.

    An e-mail communication with the BBC from a traveller indicated that police were conducting searches in suspicious cars on the road to Oslo Airport, Gardermoen,[71] which remained open.[72][73]

    The Gardermoen Line between Lillestrøm and Oslo Airport was shut down after a suspicious package was found close to the tracks.[74] The same happened at the offices of TV 2 which were evacuated after a suspicious package was found outside the building.[75]

    Utøya massacre

    Attack

    Approximately one and a half hours after the Oslo explosion,[76] Breivik, dressed in a police uniform and presenting himself as "Martin Nilsen" from the Oslo Police Department,[77] boarded the ferry {{MS|Thorbjørn}} at Utøykaia in Tyrifjorden, a lake some {{convert|32|km|mi}} northwest of Oslo, to the island of Utøya,[78] the location of the Norwegian Labour Party's AUF youth camp. The camp is organised there every summer[79] and was attended by approximately 600 teenagers.[80]

    When Breivik arrived on the island, he presented himself as a police officer who had come over for a routine check following the bombing in Oslo. He was met by Monica Bøsei, the camp leader and island hostess. Bøsei probably became suspicious and contacted Trond Berntsen, the security officer on the island, before Breivik killed them both.[81] He then signalled and asked people to gather around him[82] before pulling weapons and ammunition from a bag and firing indiscriminately,[111][83][84] killing and wounding numerous people. He first shot people on the island and later started shooting at people who were trying to escape by swimming across the lake.[85] Survivors on the island described a scene of terror.[111] Survivor Dana Barzingi, then 21, described how several victims wounded by Breivik pretended to be dead, but he came back and shot them again.[86] He spared an 11-year-old boy who had lost his father (Trond Berntsen) during the shooting and stood up against him and said he was too young to die, as well as a 22-year-old man who begged for his life.[87]

    Some witnesses hid in undergrowth and lavatories, communicating by text message to avoid revealing their positions.[88] The mass shooting lasted for around an hour and a half, ending when a police special task force arrived and Brevik surrendered, despite having ammunition left, at 18:35.[89] The shooter used hollow-point[90] or frangible bullets[91] which increase tissue damage.[91] Breivik repeatedly shouted "You are going to die today, Marxists!"[77]

    Bøsei's husband and one of her daughters, who were also present, survived.[92] The youngest victim, New Zealand-born Sharidyn Svebakk-Bøhn of Drammen, was 14 years old.[93] 16-year-old Andrine Bakkene Espeland of Sarpsborg was the last victim, nearly one hour after the shooting began.[94]

    Residents in a flotilla of motorboats and fishing dinghies sailed out to rescue the survivors, who were pulled out shivering and bleeding from the water and picked up from hiding places in the bushes and behind rocks around the island's shoreline. Some survived by pretending to be dead.[95] Several campers, especially those who knew the island well, swam to the island's rocky west side and hid in the caves which are only accessible from the water. Others were able to hide away on the secluded Kjærlighetsstien ("love path").[96] Forty-seven of the campers sought refuge in Skolestua ("the School House") together with personnel from the Norwegian People's Aid. Although Breivik fired two bullets through the door, he did not get through the locked door, and the people inside this building survived.[97][98]

    The teenagers said that they had decided that it was too difficult to stop the gunman. They discovered a cave-like opening in a rock where they hid 23 children from Breivik. Dzhamayev, who kept guard outside, also dragged three youngsters from the lake who were close to drowning.[99]

    Former prime minister Gro Harlem Brundtland, whom Breivik said he hated and, in a pun on the (more or less ironic) epithet Landsmoderen ("mother of the nation"), referred to in his writings as landsmorderen ("murderer of the nation"),[100] had been on the island earlier in the day to give a speech to the camp. After the attack Breivik stated that he originally wanted to target her specifically; but because of delays related to the renovation of Oslo Central railway station, he arrived after she had already left.[101][102]

    Rescue and emergency response

    The first shot was fired at 17:22.[103] The emergency medical services were informed about the shooting two minutes later.[104] One minute after that the police in Oslo were informed.[105] They immediately tried to reach Utøya as quickly as possible,[105] but did not have a helicopter that could take them straight to the island. By 17:30, the anti-terror police in Oslo (the Emergency Response Unit) were on the way to Utøya by automobile.[106]

    One of the first to arrive on the scene was Marcel Gleffe, a German resident of Ski staying at Utvika Camping on the mainland. Recognizing gunshots, he piloted his boat to the island and began throwing life-jackets to young people in the water, rescuing as many as he could in four or five trips, after which the police asked him to stop. The Daily Telegraph credited him with saving up to 30 lives.[107] Another forty were saved by Hege Dalen and Toril Hansen, a married couple on vacation in the area. Dalen was helping from land[108] while Hansen and a neighbour camper made several trips to rescue people in the water.[108] Several dozen more were rescued by Kasper Ilaug, who made three trips to the island. Ilaug, a local resident, received a telephone call that "something terrible" was happening on Utøya and requesting help. He initially thought the call was a prank, but acted anyway.[109][110] Altogether, some 150 who swam away from the island were pulled out of the lake by campers on the opposite shore.

    The anti-terror police reached the meeting point at 18:09, but had to wait a few minutes for a boat to take them across. They reached Utøya at 18:25. When confronted by the heavily armed police on the island, the gunman initially hesitated for a few seconds. When an officer yelled "surrender or be shot" he laid down his weapons.[111]

    Anders Breivik called the 112 emergency phone number at least twice to surrender, at 18:01 and 18:26, and continued killing people in between. The police say Breivik hung up both times; they tried to call him back but did not succeed.[112]

    When the police arrived at the scene, they were met by survivors begging the officers to throw away their weapons, as they were afraid that the men in uniforms would again open fire on them.[113]

    During the attack, 69 people were killed, and of the 517 survivors,[114] 66 were wounded.[115]

    Shortage of transport capacity

    The Norwegian police do not have helicopters suitable for transporting groups of police for an airdrop. The one they have is useful only for surveillance and the helicopter crew was on holiday.[116]

    When the local police arrived at Utøykaia, less than 30 minutes after the first shot was fired, they could not find a suitable boat to reach the island. They were then ordered to observe and report.[117]

    AUF's own ferry, the 50 passenger MS Thorbjørn, was used by Breivik to go to Utøya. Shortly after the first shot was fired, nine people were leaving the island on the ferry, among them the AUF leader Eskil Pedersen. They feared there might be more terrorists in the area and navigated the ferry {{convert|2.7|km|mi}} to the north. Hence the ferry was not available to the police when they arrived at Utøykaia, the normal ferry landing on the mainland.

    The police therefore had to use their own rigid-hulled inflatable boat (RHIB). The day of the event, this boat was located in Hønefoss, and had to be transported to the lake and launched before it could be used. When the anti-terror police boarded the RHIB it took on some water and after a few hundred meters, the engine stopped, probably due to water in the fuel. Two minutes later they took over a civilian boat that was sent to assist them. The episode was captured on video.[118] A minute or two after the video ends, a faster civilian boat arrived to help. Four police officers from the anti-terror police boarded the boat. Not wanting to waste any more time, the civilian couple took the police to Utøya.[119]

    Some have criticised the police for not using a helicopter, for not immediately getting into small boats, and for endangering the couple who drove the civilian boat.[120]

    Arrest of innocent survivor

    On arriving in Utøya, the police arrested, in addition to Breivik, Anzor Djoukaev, an innocent 17-year-old survivor who represented the Akershus branch of AUF. The youth was reportedly stripped naked[121] and locked up in a jail cell, located only meters away from the cell housing the self-confessed killer.[122] The victim, who as a child had witnessed mass murders in Chechnya, was suspected of being an accomplice because his haircut was different from that shown on his identity document, and because he did not react to the carnage with the same tears and hysteria as most of the other survivors.[123] He was kept in custody for seventeen hours.[122] Lawyer Harald Stabell criticized the police for failing to contact the youth's family, who feared he was killed, and for interrogating the victim without a lawyer present.[123][124]

    Casualties

    The attacks were the deadliest in Norway since World War II,[21][22] and a survey found that one in four Norwegians knew "someone affected by the attacks".[23] It is also the fifth deadliest terrestrial terrorist attack in Western Europe behind the Bologna bombing in 1980, the Nice attack in 2016, Paris attacks in November 2015, and the Madrid train bombings in 2004.

    Oslo

    Eight people were killed in the explosion; the blast, shock wave and debris immediately killed six people, while two others died quickly afterwards from their wounds.[125] Of the 325 people estimated to have been in the government buildings, around them and in the surrounding area, at least 209 people received physical injuries from the blast and debris.[12] While most were relatively minor and could be treated at the local casualty clinic, 12 people received more serious injuries. Ten were sent to Ullevål University Hospital (OUS, Ullevål), four with moderate to serious and six with critical injuries, and two to Aker University Hospital (OUS, Aker).[13][14] A doctor at one of the Oslo University Hospitals (OUS) said the hospital staff were treating head, chest and abdominal wounds.[126]

    Oslo, ages of
    those killed[127]
    Age Deaths
    26 1
    30 1
    32 2
    34 1
    51 1
    56 1
    61 1
    Total: 8

    Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg was at his official residence near the Royal Palace, preparing the speech he was scheduled to give at Utøya the next day.[128] Norway's finance minister, Sigbjørn Johnsen, was on vacation in Denmark at the time.[129]

    Fewer people than usual were in the area because the bombing took place during July, the usual holiday month for Norwegians,[130] and since it was Friday afternoon, most government employees had gone home for the weekend.

    Utøya

    The scope of what happened at the island was initially very confusing, and the first official figures given was that at least 10 people had been killed.[131] As the evening progressed several eyewitness reports put this number in doubt, and at approximately 03:50 (CEST) on 23 July, NRK1 and TV2, the two primary Norwegian television networks, broadcast a live press conference from the "Sentrum politistasjon" in Oslo where Norway's National Police Commissioner Øystein Mæland stated the number of fatalities at Utøya to have reached "at least 80" with the count expected to increase.[57][132]

    On 25 July, a police spokesperson revealed that the death toll of the victims on Utøya had been revised downwards to 68 after the casualties had been counted on their return to the mainland.[133] They added that the number of people missing was still high and that the number of casualties could be as high as 86. On 29 July police announced that one of the severely wounded victims from Utøya had died in hospital,[19] bringing the death toll from the island massacre to 69.

    On 26 July, the Norwegian police began releasing the names and dates of birth of the victims on their website. By 29 July, the names of all 77 victims (8 from the bomb attack, 69 from Utøya) had been published,[17][18] the last, a shooting victim, having been found on the 28th.[134]

    Utøya, age of
    those killed[127]
    Age Deaths
    14 2
    15 7
    16 8
    17 16
    18 17
    19 5
    20 1
    21 3
    23 2
    25 1
    27 1
    28 1
    30 1
    43 2
    45 1
    51 1
    Total: 69
    Average age: 20

    Of the 69 people who died at the attack on the island, 57 were killed by one or more shots through the head.[125][135] In total, 67 people were killed by gunshots, 1 died falling from a cliff trying to escape, and 1 drowned trying to swim away from the island.[135] In total, Breivik fired at least 186 shots,[136] and still had a "considerable amount of ammunition" left.[91]

    In the aftermath, of the 564 people on the island at the time,[12] 69 people died and at least 110 people had received various physical injuries.[13][14] An estimated 50 people were treated at the locally set up casualty clinic, and were treated for relatively minor injuries such as cuts, bruises and hypothermia after fleeing and swimming from the island. It was cloudy and rainy on Utøya that day, air temperature was varying between {{convert|14|-|15|°C|°F}}, water temperature around the island was 14 °C[13] and the shortest distance to the mainland was around 600 meters. Sixty people were transported to surrounding hospitals, 55 with serious to critical injuries.[13][14] The chief surgeon who treated the wounds at one of the hospitals said he had never seen similar wounds during his 23 years of practice, and explained that the bullets were extremely fragmented in their path through the body.[91] Thirty-three people had been directly hit by one or more bullets and survived,[12] but one person who was shot died two days later in hospital from the bullet wounds to the head and back.[19]

    The 564 people on the island at the time were from all over Norway as well as some visitors from foreign countries. The people who died were from 18 of Norway's 19 counties, and also from Georgia.[137] Wounded people were from the entire country, including Svalbard,[138] and together with the casualties from Oslo, an average of a quarter of Norway's population knew a victim affected by the attacks, according to a survey done.[23] Several of the dead and wounded, or their parents, were personal friends of high-ranking government ministers. Trond Berntsen, an off-duty, unarmed police officer and step-brother of Norway's crown princess Mette-Marit, was the first to be shot dead.[139]

    Perpetrator

    {{main|Anders Behring Breivik}}

    Public broadcaster NRK and several other Norwegian media outlets identified the suspected attacker as Anders Behring Breivik. He was arrested on Utøya for the shootings and also linked to the Oslo bombing.[140][141] He was charged with terrorism for both attacks.[27] According to his attorney, Breivik acknowledged that he was responsible for both the bomb and the shooting during interrogation but denied culpability, as he asserted that his actions were "atrocious but necessary".[142] At his initial arraignment on 25 July, Breivik was remanded into custody for eight weeks, the first half to be in solitary confinement.[143] Breivik wanted to have an open hearing, and attend it wearing a uniform of his own design, but both requests were denied by the presiding judge.[144]

    Mental health

    Following his arrest, Breivik underwent examination by court-appointed forensic psychiatrists, who diagnosed him with paranoid schizophrenia and concluded he had been psychotic at the time of the attacks and was criminally insane.[145] Although criticised in newspaper debates,[146] the submitted report was approved with no remarks by the Norwegian Board of Forensic Medicine after an extended panel of experts had reviewed it.[147]

    According to his defense attorney, Breivik initially expressed surprise and felt insulted by the conclusions in the report. He later stated that "this provides new opportunities".[148] Following the criticism of the psychiatric report, the court in January 2012 approved the conduct of a second psychiatric examination. The report from this examination declared Breivik to be sane in April 2012.[149] Ultimately, the verdict and ruling of the district court's five-judge panel agreed that Breivik was sane.[150]

    Political and religious views

    Breivik is linked to a 1,518-page compendium entitled 2083: A European Declaration of Independence bearing the name "Andrew Berwick".[31][32][151] The file was e-mailed to 1,003 addresses about 90 minutes before the bomb blast in Oslo.[152][153] Analysts described him as having Islamophobic views and a hatred of Islam,[154][155] and as someone who considered himself as a knight dedicated to stemming the tide of Muslim immigration into Europe.[156][157]

    The introductory chapter of the manifesto defining "cultural Marxism" is a copy of Political Correctness: A Short History of an Ideology by the Free Congress Foundation.[158][159][160] Major parts of the compendium are attributed to the pseudonymous Norwegian blogger Fjordman.[161] The text also copies sections of the Unabomber manifesto, without giving credit, while substituting the words "cultural Marxists" for "leftists" and "Muslims" for "black people".[162] The New York Times described American influences in the writings, noting that the compendium mentions the anti-Islamist American Robert Spencer 64 times and cites Spencer's works at great length.[163] The work of Bat Ye'or[164] is cited dozens of times.[165] Far-right and anti-Islam activist blogger Pamela Geller,[163] Neo-pagan writer Koenraad Elst[166] and Daniel Pipes are also mentioned as sources of inspiration.[167] The manifesto further contains quotes from Middle East expert Bernard Lewis, Edmund Burke, Mahatma Gandhi, Thomas Jefferson and George Orwell,[168] as well as from Jeremy Clarkson's Sunday Times column and Melanie Phillips' Daily Mail column.[169] The publication speaks in admiration of Ayaan Hirsi Ali, Bruce Bawer, Srđa Trifković,[170] and Henryk M. Broder.[171] The compendium advocates a restoration of patriarchy, which it claims would save European culture.[172][173]

    The compendium contains his militant far-right ideology and xenophobic worldview, which espouses an array of political concepts; including support for varying degrees of cultural conservatism, right-wing populism, ultranationalism, Islamophobia, "far-right Zionism", and Serbian paramilitarism.[174][175] It regards Islam and "cultural Marxism" as the enemy and argues for the annihilation of "Eurabia" and multiculturalism, to preserve a Christian Europe.[31][32][175][176][177][178] He further urged Europeans to restore the historic crusades against Islam as in the Middle Ages.[179] A video Breivik released on YouTube 6 hours before the attack has been described as promoting violence towards leftists and Islamists who reside in Western Europe.[180]

    Among other things, in the manifesto he identified the Beneš Decrees, which facilitated the expulsion of Germans from Czechoslovakia after the Second World War, as an example for committing that act on European Muslims.[181] In his manifesto he also urges the Hindus to drive Muslims out of India.[182] He demands the gradual deportation of all Muslims from Europe from 2011 to 2083 through repatriation.[183] He blames feminism for allowing the erosion of the fabric of European society.[184]

    Breivik's writings mention the English Defence League, claiming that he had contact with senior members of the EDL, and that a Norwegian version of the group was 'in the process of gaining strength'. He wrote that the EDL were 'naïve fools' because in his words the EDL 'harshly condemns any and all revolutionary conservative movements that employ terror as a tool'. EDL leader Tommy Robinson denounced Breivik and the attack on 26 July 2011 and denied any links with the Norwegian.[185][186][187][188][189]

    After being apprehended, Breivik was characterized by police officials as being a right-wing extremist.[176] Breivik is described by the newspaper Verdens Gang as considering himself a conservative nationalist.[141] According to The Australian, Breivik was highly critical of Muslim immigration into Christian societies, is pro-Israel and an admirer of the Tea Party movement in the United States.[190] Deputy police chief Roger Andresen initially told reporters that "We have no more information than ... what has been found on [his] own websites, which is that it goes towards the right and that it is, so to speak, Christian fundamentalist."[27][191][192] Subsequently, others have disputed Andresen's characterization of Breivik as a Christian fundamentalist.[193][194] Furthermore, Breivik stated that "myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God."[195][196] According to the International Business Times, in his manifesto, he "did not see himself as religious", but he did identify as a cultural Christian and wrote about the differences between cultural and religious Christians, but stressed that both were Christians, and shared the same identity and goals.[197] After his imprisonment, Breivik stated he had never personally identified as a Christian, and called his religion Odinism, stating that he would "pray and sacrifice" to Odin.[198][199] He also identified himself as a fascist and a national socialist,[198] stating that he previously exploited counterjihadist rhetoric in order to protect "ethno-nationalists".[200]

    He has written many posts on the far-right[201] website document.no.[202] He attended meetings of "Documents venner" (Friends of Document), affiliated with the Document.no website.[203] He is a former member of the Progress Party (FrP) and its youth wing FpU. According to the current FpU leader Ove Vanebo, Breivik was active early in the 2000s, but he left the party as his viewpoints became more extreme.[204]

    In his online YouTube video, he expressed admiration of past European leaders who waged war against Islam and Muslims, naming Charles Martel, Richard the Lionheart, El Cid, Vlad the Impaler, Jacques de Molay, Tsar Nicholas, and John III Sobieski.[205] A recently created social media website bearing Breivik's name and picture but of unknown authorship refers to him as an admirer of Winston Churchill and Max Manus,[206][207] and also of controversial Dutch politician Geert Wilders, whose political party, the Party for Freedom, he describes as "the only true party of conservatives".[208] The music that is played in the video comes off the soundtrack to the video game Hyborian Adventures.[209]

    Unsubstantiated claims of Breivik being assisted

    There was suspicion at the time of the attack that there were accomplices,[210][211][212] and the police initially prepared to meet two to five shooters on Utøya.[213][214] Several youths at Utøya reported to be convinced that there was more than one shooter, with some reports of shots fired from the mainland.[215] A second shooter at Utøya was described by several youths as having thick dark hair, about 1.80 meters tall who did not wear a police uniform, while carrying a pistol and a rifle.[216][217] During judicial examination, at least two witnesses independently of each other both described two different shooters at Utøya, while a third witness was reported to have swum from the island beside a previously unknown dark-haired man.[218] After his arrest Breivik claimed he acted with accomplices, but later changed his statements to his acting alone, giving several demands for him to tell about accomplices.[1][219][220] On 24 July 2011, six people were arrested in Oslo suspected of having connections with the attacks; all were released.[221] The police later issued a statement that there was only found evidence of one shooter at Utøya, amid "widespread conspiracy theories" of there having been more than one shooter.[215]

    In the initial hours after the attacks, the group Ansar al-Jihad al-Alami led by Abu Suleiman al-Naser claimed responsibility for the attacks.[222][223][224]

    Reactions

    {{clear}}

    Domestic

    King Harald V sent his condolences to the victims and their families, and urged unity.[225] He and Queen Sonja personally visited the victims of the attacks, as well as the families of those killed.

    At a press conference the morning after the attacks, Prime Minister Jens Stoltenberg and Justice Minister Knut Storberget addressed the country. Stoltenberg called the attack a "national tragedy" and the worst atrocity in Norway since World War II. Stoltenberg further vowed that the attack would not hurt Norwegian democracy, and said the proper answer to the violence was "more democracy, more openness, but not naivety".[226] In his speech at the memorial service on 24 July 2011, he opined what would be a proper reaction: "No one has said it better than the AUF girl who was interviewed by CNN: 'If one man can show so much hate, think how much love we could show, standing together.'"[227][228]

    The leader of the Workers' Youth League, Eskil Pedersen, vowed to "return to Utøya" and urged Norway to continue its tradition of openness and tolerance.[229]

    Leaders of Norwegian political parties expressed grief and sent condolences in public statements.[230][231][232][233][234][235][236]

    On 1 August 2011, Norway's parliament, nominally in recess for the summer, reconvened for an extraordinary session to honour the victims of the attack. In a departure from parliamentary procedure, both King Harald V and Crown Prince Haakon were present. The president of Norway's Parliament, Dag Terje Andersen, read out loud the names of all 77 victims. The session was open to the public, but due to limited seating, priority was given to relatives of the deceased.[237][238]

    The seven political parties in the parliament agreed to postpone the electoral campaign for local elections, held in September, until mid-August.[239] School debates were cancelled, though the school elections were not.[240]

    Initially, Magnus Ranstorp and other terror experts suspected that foreigners were behind the attacks.[241] In the immediate aftermath of the attack, there were wide reports in mainstream media of non-ethnic Norwegians, especially Muslim Norwegians, being subjected to harassment and violence.[242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249] A report about these racist attacks was published on behalf of the 22. July Commission in 2012.[250]

    On 13 August 2012, Norway's prime minister received the Gjørv Report, which concludes that Anders Breivik could have been stopped from carrying out the Utøya massacre.[251] (The report had been ordered by parliament, in August 2011.)

    International

    The United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and governments around the world expressed their condemnation of the attacks, condolences, and solidarity with Norway. However, there have also been reports of Western European right-wing populist politicians giving support to the killings or excusing them as a result of multi-culturalism. Interviewed on a popular radio show, the Italian MEP Francesco Speroni, a leading member of the Lega Nord, the junior partner in Berlusconi's conservative coalition, said: "Breivik's ideas are in defence of western civilisation."[252] Similar views were voiced by Italian MEP Mario Borghezio.[253] Werner Koenigshofer, a member of the National Council of Austria, was expelled from the right-wing Freedom Party of Austria after equating the massacre with the death of millions of fetuses through abortion.[254]

    On 25 July 2011, at noon (CEST), each of the Nordic countries held a minute of silence to dignify the victims of the two attacks. Norway's minute of silence stretched to five minutes.[255] In Oslo, a city of approximately 600,000 inhabitants, an estimated 200,000 people attended a "flower march".[256][257][258]

    The Norwegian media reported criticism against Fox News and its commentator Glenn Beck for their coverage of the attacks.[259] Beck's comparison of the AUF to the Hitler Youth[260] led Frank Aarebrot, a Norwegian professor with political sympathies to the Norwegian Labour Party,[261] to call Beck a "fascist" and "swine".[262]

    Memorial ceremonies

    A number of memorial ceremonies took place following the attacks. On 25 July 2011, around 200,000 people took part in a "rose march" at Rådhusplassen in Oslo.[263] The NRK memorial concert, titled "Mitt lille land" ("My Little Country") and named for the song "Mitt lille land" which "came to symbolize the sorrow many people went through",[264] took place in Oslo Cathedral on 30 July 2011. A national memorial ceremony took place on 21 August 2011.[264] In September 2011, the Norwegian People's Aid and Sony Music released the memorial album Mitt lille land.[265]

    Memorials and symbol

    A minnestein ("memorial stone") to commemorate the attacks at Utøya is located at a roadside rest area with a view[266] of Utøya that is located on E16 at Nes in Hole (municipality).[267]

    At Utøya, the place of memorial is called ["the clearing"] "Lysninga"; a part of it is ["the ring"] "Ringen" - a "ring of steel [that] hangs between trees and here the names and age[268] of the majority of those 69 killed are engraved"; "it lies at the highest point of the island";[269] It was unveiled during summer 2015.[270][271] Hegnhuset was inaugurated in 2016, and media were allowed to photograph its interior including items of memorial after the bereaved who chose to come, had seen the interior.

    One monolith stands in each municipality. There are memorials in the 53 affected municipalities in Norway who welcomed the same sculpture, funded by a private donation, created by the artist Nico Widerberg.[270][271]

    A temporary[272] national monument in Oslo was unveiled on 22 July 2016. On 20 September 2016 media said that a planned permanent, national memorial in Oslo at Regjeringskvartalet is dependent on a memorial at Sørbråten being constructed as planned. But the government has opened for scrapping Dahlberg's design.[273]

    Another proposed monument in Oslo, at Stensparken, including metal roses, has not been authorized, as its planned dimensions of {{convert|34|m|ft}} by {{convert|20|m|ft}}, with a height of {{convert|3|m|ft}}, were judged to be too overwhelming.[274] 900 roses, still in storage, have been donated from persons in various countries; one rose was created by a survivor, and some by others who were bereaved; Tobbe Malm is one of those who came up with the idea of using iron roses.[274]

    National memorial at Sørbråten, in limbo

    {{as of|2016|September|}},[275] Hole Municipality has stopped case work regarding the request for permission to build a national monument at Sørbråten;[276] media said that the case work could be arrested for around two and a half years or longer. The government is scheduled to be a defendant in court during a three-week trial, starting 25 April 2017;[277][278][279] the underlying lawsuit aims to deny construction at the planned location.

    Previously, in March 2016 the location for a planned national place of memorial was moved from Utøya to Sørbråten — located on the mainland {{convert|350|m|abbr=on}} from Utvika and {{convert|900|m|abbr=on}} from Utøya;[278][280] in September 2014 the Hole municipal council had refused a memorial at Sørbråten.[281] The names of several [282][278] of the victims are reportedly being denied ({{as of|2016|lc=y}}, by next of kin) as inscriptions on the planned monument.

    A committee, Kunstutvalget for minnestaden for 22. juli, chose a design by Jonas Dahlberg for the monument, and Karin Moe has called the planned monument at Sørbråten — "Breivik's Memorial Place".[280] Later, in a Klassekampen article Moe said that "Many of the [local] inhabitants have described [..] the design as a violation, even a rape of nature [that is in place] at Sørbråten. Such is the intensity of how the memorial is being felt, that physical pain is felt merely by imagining having to face the memorial every day. The traumatised neighbors re-live the acts of terror through the brutal cut into the mountain slope [...] a reminder of who acted: Anders Behring Breivik. Here his misdeed is carved in stone. No wonder that fear lies in the reactions. [...] The baffling thing for the locals is this: [...], but we were supposed to be honored — not re-traumatised. Why must this incurable memorial-wound be inflicted on us, so close to [our bodies or our] life".[280] Furthermore, she said that "Long time was needed before the September 11 memorial place on Manhattan was in place. Now an encompassing — in regard to ethics and aesthetics — pause for thinking is needed — both for the placement and the final design of the memorial".[280] A later article suggested that "we create the monument as envisioned, but fill the scar with rock and beautify the surface", inspired by kintsugi.[283] A later article said that "What many of us don't understand is why these plans, apparently not well-considered, now are pushed through. (...) Is it [because of] prestige or out of consideration to the artist"?[271]

    Minister of Local Government and Modernisation has been criticised for announcing — while Breivik was a plaintiff in a 4-day trial — the [current] decision to construct the monument.[284]

    On 14 April 2016 media said that a "report has indicated that the place of memorial will create great mental strains on the persons living in its close proximity";[285] The report, Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress a/s, was completed in April 2015.[286] A later newspaper article asked "And why should the little island [sic], [Sørbråten be punished with the jötunn cut — what wrong has the island done?"[287] On 16 April 2016 media quoted board member[288] Anne-Gry Ruud of neighborhood association, Utstranda Velforening: "I don't think that the work of art honors all who were killed, but symbolizes only pain and open wounds. (...) If this work of art gives any associations, then they are to terror, death, pain and the inadequacy of society. (...) This is not just a small cut on a point — it is an area of 1.2 decare [that will become surrounded by water] (...). I don't think that the [local] inhabitants have a responsibility to provide a location for a memorial at Sørbråten. Especially in the summer we experience a steady flow of tourists on a pilgrimage to Sørbråten. Some take selfies with Utøya in the background. Others stop the inhabitants and ask what they did that day and how we contributed. (...) We have two schoolbuses that drive back and forth every day on the road just above, others pass on their way to the store, leisure activities, work or municipal center (...) 260 inhabitants".[289]

    The national convention of the Progress Party decided to say "no" to placing the memorial at Sørbråten.[290]

    On 25 April 2016 Hole Municipal Council decided to fund Norwegian kroner 25,000 to Utstranda Velforening, for a proposed lawsuit against the government.[291]

    In a 14 May 2016 Aftenposten article {{ill|Stig Andersen (director)|no|Stig Andersen|lt=Stig Andersen|vertical-align=sup}}, a film director and -producer, said that the monument of the original contest was supposed to have a price limited to Norwegian kroner 20 million; now that the government has estimated the price to 70 million including relevant extra expenses, the contestants that operated within the original price limits have been deceived.[292]

    In May 2016 the government wrote that the ongoing lawsuit about [placing] the monument [at Sørbråten], will not change the government's plans; the letter was signed by Minister of Local Government and Modernisation and Minister of Culture.[272]

    In an 11 June 2016 Dagbladet article Hans Normann Dahl was quoted, "The monument itself is incomprehensible, and the idea so crass that it contains a negative and destructive material".[293]

    An 18 June 2016 Dagbladet article quoted (writings of) one mother (Gunn Rusten) who lost her daughter: "My daughter's name will NOT be displayed on any memorial at Sørbråten, but it is displayed at Utøya".[270] She added that "Why should all the phenomenal persons living there, and who put their lives on the line that day — to save as many as possible of those on Utøya [who were later rescued from the lake] — have this as a lifelong, daily reminder of the fateful Friday when police and those in charge let a crazy man walk around for around an hour and a half — and kill at will — without intervening".[270] Furthermore, another mother (Mai Britt Rogne) who lost her daughter said that: "We already have the grave, [and] Utøya, and one monolith in every municipality. How many places of memorial do we need"?[270]

    On 24 June 2016 the government was sued (in Ringerike District Court) with a claim that "The government is being denied construction of the memorial Memory Wound, including a parking lot, a footpath, and auxiliary developments at Sørbråten and Bergli [both] in Hole".[294]

    {{as of|2016|September|}} the government has offered to ditch the "Memory Wound" draft for a monument; the site for a national memorial at Sørbråten, remains unchanged.[279][295]

    Swedish psychiatrist Per-Olof Michel said "I have been thinking why the government was in such a hurry. In Sweden one will be unveiling the Tsunami Monument next year — 13 years after the fact. Regarding something that affects so many people, on should let time pass and go thru things again".[296]

    Bodil Cappelen said in a Klassekampen article that "Centuries will pass ... Oh, yes. Here they have cut off a point—from the mountain mama. A landscape was not that much worth—then".[297]

    Regarding "Memory Wound" possibly being plagiarism of one of 300 candidate proposals for the pre-qualification in the contest for monument design,[298] art historian {{ill|Tommy Sørbø|no|vertical-align=sup}} said that "My first impression was that this is closest [to] plagiarism"; "But when the idea is so similar, I think one should examine the case further";[299] [the final written work for the master's degree,] masteroppgaven, of architect students Kristin Ulrikke Rønnestad og Hildegunn Slotnæs had already been published on NTNU's website, and had been exhibited in Trondheim, and had been mailed to around 200 persons and offices.[298]

    So far the case has led to: government agency {{ill|Kunst i offentlige rom|lt=KORO|no|Kunst i offentlige rom|vertical-align=sup}} informing Dahlberg and the Department of Culture of potential allegations of plagiarism; Dahlberg denied any knowledge of masteroppgaven; student Rønnestad met with the director of KORO in April 2014.[298] The lawyer (from the architects' trade union) that accompanied Rønnestad there, said that KORO showed "a quite condescending attitude towards her".[298] Other views regarding the case includes the view of Arve Rød, art critic of Dagbladet, saying about the sketches "The likeness is peculiar, and impossible to overlook. It is difficult not to conclude that these are two completely alike ideas, but I can not from that claim that Dahlberg has plagiarized the work of the two students"; he thinks that it is quite remarkable that [two] ideas, so alike, were found in the same contest and situation, in the same place and at the same time.[299]

    In November 2016 news broke that case work regarding the request for permission to build the monument at Sørbråten, had been arrested in September; Hole municipality's justification, cited in part the upcoming court case.[275]

    The preserved, shattered display case for newspaper pages

    A newspaper display case that was collaterally damaged has been left unrepaired with its glass fractured but not dislocated by the shockwave of the bomb. It has later been moved across the street - Akersgata - from outside the headquarters of Verdens Gang. Artist Ahmad Ghossein took the initiative to create a memorial from the shattered display.[300] The newspaper edition from the day of the bombing, is still on display.

    Attempts at art creation

    A 2016 Norwegian news article said that "Most of those that work in the field of art, probably were aware of the support group's ["the national support group after 22 July incidents"(no) ][301] marked attempts at stopping the Danish playwright {{Interlanguage link multi|Christian Lollike|da}} when he wanted to stage a drama based on the terrorist's manuscript. Artists are in fact not as daring, as many like to think".

    [282]

    Legal proceedings

    {{Main|Trial of Anders Behring Breivik}}

    The police initially kept the choice of counsel secret after request from the attorney. Attorney Geir Lippestad elected to act on behalf of Breivik's defense; Breivik had specifically requested that Lippestad become his attorney.[142][302]

    On 25 July 2011, Anders Behring Breivik was arraigned in Oslo District Court. The police feared that Breivik would use the hearing as an opportunity to communicate with possible accomplices.[303] Because of this,[304] the arraignment was held completely closed to the media and all other spectators. Instead, judge Kim Heger held a press conference shortly afterwards where he read the court's decision.[305] The practice of completely closed court hearings is extremely rare in the Norwegian justice system.[306]

    The debate over which criminal charges to file was fierce. Many police attorneys wanted high treason or crimes against humanity.[307] The prosecution ended up indicting Breivik on terrorism charges. Breivik admitted to being the gunman at Utøya and the perpetrator behind the Oslo bomb, also admitting all the other actual events. Nonetheless he pleaded not guilty, stating "I do not recognise this justice system".[308] District Attorney Christian Hatlo asked that Breivik be detained for eight weeks without mail or visitation. The judge ruled in favor of the prosecution, stating "the accused is an imminent danger to society and must be confined for the safety of himself and others. It is highly probable that he is guilty of the alleged crimes and imprisonment is necessary to prevent destruction of evidence". In accordance with the prosecution's wishes, Breivik was remanded to eight weeks detention without mail or visitation, four of those in complete isolation, to be renewed no later than 19 September 2011.[309] He was immediately transferred to Ila Landsfengsel, a maximum security prison.[310]

    On 13 August 2011 Breivik was taken to Utøya by police to recreate his actions on the day of the massacre. Neither the media nor the public was alerted to the operation. The police explained that the surprise walk-through was necessary because Breivik will be charged and tried for all 77 murders individually. The police deemed it less offensive to the survivors to do it now rather than during the trial. Despite the many police boats and helicopters, none of the civilians who had come to lay down flowers on the shore this day perceived what was happening just a few hundred metres across the lake from them for a total of eight hours.[311] On the evening of 14 August the police held a press conference about the reconstruction. It was reported that Breivik was not unmoved by his return to Utøya, but that he showed no remorse. Inspector Pål Fredrik Hjort Kraby described Breivik's behavior and indifference on the island as "unreal", as he had over the course of eight hours willingly showed the police exactly how he had carried out all of the 69 murders.[312]

    The trial began on 16 April 2012 and lasted until 19 June 2012.[313] 170 media organisations were accredited to cover the proceedings.[314] Anders Behring Breivik acknowledged that he had committed the offences but pleaded not guilty as he believed the killing was needed. The main issue for Breivik was that he was not to be deemed "insane" or "psychotic", because that would lose the meaning of his message.

    On 24 August, Breivik was found to be sane by the panel of five judges. He was sentenced to preventative detention (forvaring), a sentence of 21 years in prison which can be repeatedly extended by 5 years as long as he is considered a threat to society. This is the maximum sentence allowed by Norwegian law, and it is the only way to allow for life imprisonment.[315]

    After-effects

    In Norway

    Coop Norway, a chain of retail stores in Norway, removed several games from its shelves as a result of the attack. Some of the titles includes games like Homefront, Call of Duty series, Sniper Ghost Warrior, Counter-Strike Source and World of Warcraft. Some games were also temporarily removed from the Norwegian WiiWare catalog, including an on-rails shooter game.[316]

    In the days following the attacks, Norway's largest represented political parties noted a significant increase in interest for membership from young people. Both the Norwegian Young Conservatives and the Progress Party's Youth, as well as the Workers' Youth League (AUF) had signed up a significant number of new members after a few days.[317] The mother parties also reported an unusual increase in new member applications, with the Conservative Party and the Progress Party having signed up almost 1,000 new members each by early August,[318] while the Labour Party reported over 6,000 new members at the end of the month.[319]

    Far-right groups such as Stop the Islamisation of Norway (SIAN) and the Norwegian Defence League (NDL), as well as the Democrats, had reportedly witnessed a boom in their memberships and interest by mid-August, with the Democrats party having signed up around one hundred new members, and the NDL around three hundred.[320][321]

    In the September local elections almost two months after the attacks, gains were made by the Conservative Party (up 9% to 28%), and to a lesser extent the Labour Party (up 2% to 32%). On the other hand, setbacks were witnessed by the Progress Party, the party Breivik had been a member of, (down 6% to 11%) and the Socialist Left Party (down 2% to 4%).[322]

    In the Gjørv Report, received by the prime minister in advance of a press conference on 13 August 2012, it was concluded that more actions could have been taken by authorities, to stop Breivik, to track him, or to interrupt his attacks.[323] It also criticised the police action, in stark contrast to an internal report issued by the police earlier. A few days later, national police chief Øystein Mæland submitted his resignation, citing a lack of clear support for his position from his superiors and saying: "If the [justice] ministry and other political authorities do not clarify this matter unequivocally, it will become impossible for me to continue." His resignation was accepted and announced by Justice Minister Grete Faremo.[324]

    Vegard Groeslie Wennesland, a survivor of the incident, ran for parliament on a Labour Party ticket in the Norwegian parliamentary election, 2013[325] which brought a coalition government of the Conservative party and the right-wing Progress Party, of which Breivik had been a member from 1999 until 2004, to power.[326]

    In 2013 former AUF local leader and Labour Party cabinet advisor Ivar Fjeld released the pamphlet Den rødgrønne terrorøya ("The Red-Green Terror Island"), which documented how Utøya over several years had been used to build up support for anti-Israel politics and Palestinian terrorists. In the book he documents among other things that AUF had allowed far-left Red Youth to arrange camps on Utøya, who collected money for and welcomed representatives from the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) on the island. Fjeld claimed that his purpose with the book was to warn the Labour Party about the activities of its increasingly radicalised and Islamised youth organisation.[327][328]

    Czech copycat

    On 10 August 2012, the Rapid Reaction Unit (URNA) of the Czech Police, backed up by a local SWAT unit and over 100 other policemen, arrested a 29-year-old admirer of Breivik, Vojtěch Mlýnek, in Ostrava, the Czech Republic's third largest city. The police suspected that Mlýnek was preparing a copycat attack inspired by the 2011 Norway attacks. He was stockpiling weapons (including a fully automatic assault rifle and armor-piercing bullets[329]) and had converted an aerial bomb in order to be able to remotely detonate it. Mlýnek had the remote control with him while arrested. He had also obtained uniforms of the Czech police and of the Czech prison service and a police ID.[329][330][331]

    Mlýnek, who was using the pseudonym Anders Behring Breivik in electronic communication, has had a history of four prior criminal convictions, including a six-month-long suspended sentence for setting off an explosive which demolished an empty wooden cottage.[332]

    Mlýnek was initially charged with endangering public and with illegal arming, which carried a penalty from three to eight years in prison.[330][333] He was first held in a remand prison, but was transferred to an isolation unit of prison hospital in Brno following a psychiatric evaluation.[334] On 3 April 2013, a court in Ostrava found Mlýnek criminally insane. At the same time he was found dangerous to the public and ordered psychiatric detention. The reasons for detention will be reviewed by the court periodically every two years. Police determined that Mlýnek, despite being a Breivik sympathizer, was not preparing an actual terrorist attack; however, he suffered from paranoia and was stockpiling the weapons and bombs with the aim of self-defense.[335]

    Polish copycat

    {{rquote|right|Breivik and McVeigh made mistakes. I will be better.
    |Brunon Kwiecień's statement according to investigators.[336][434]
    }}

    On 20 November 2012 the Polish authorities announced the arrest of a 45-year-old lecturer in chemical engineering at the Agricultural University of Cracow under suspicion of preparing a similar attack. According to the authorities, Brunon Kwiecień[337] was an admirer of Breivik and was further inspired by the Oklahoma City bombing.[338]

    Poland's Internal Security Agency (ABW) first found out about Kwiecień after it launched investigation into Breivik's Polish contacts when it became known that Breivik had ordered some of the chemicals for his bomb from Poland via internet. According to ABW, Kwiecień was preparing an attack against the Sejm, the lower house of the Polish parliament. He wanted to detonate {{convert|4|t}} of explosives in a car bomb parked at the building during deliberation of the next year's budget, as it is the time when all the members of parliament, the Prime Minister as well as the President are all present in the building.[339]

    Kwiecień tried to arm himself already in 1997, however the authorities refused his application for a firearm permit. He later started arming himself illegally, mostly with weapons bought in Belgium. He bought firearms, ammunition, bulletproof vests with ceramic plates and kevlar helmets. He had visited the Sejm and tested whether it is possible to use radio remote controls in the buildings for the purposes of planned detonation of the car bomb.[340] Being a graduate of Warsaw University of Technology program on explosive manufacturing, Kwiecień was conducting illegal trials of explosives from at least 2000. In some cases, he detonated small explosives on Warsaw bridges, making small dents and holes in their construction.[341] Apart from targeting the parliament, Kwiecień was also preparing murders of Monika Olejnik, an influential journalist, and Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz, the mayor of Warsaw.[440]

    Kwiecień intensified his preparations after Breivik's conviction. He conducted an experimental explosion of a {{convert|250|kg|adj=on}} bomb in the Polish countryside in the municipality of Przeginia, which he also filmed.[340] He had recruited four other people for his cause, however at least two of them were actually ABW's secret agents.[342] He was convicted and sentenced to nine years of imprisonment on 19 April 2017.

    Embezzlement from terror attack victims fund

    In 2016, one person was sentenced to 120 days in prison for embezzling 300,000 Norwegian kroner from Støttegruppen etter 22. juli, a Norwegian NGO; the money was supposed to have gone to victims of the terror attack. The perpetrator was a steward of the NGO.[8]

    Semi-automatic weapon ban for hunting and Mini-14 rifle ban

    On 28 February 2018, Peter Froelich of the Norwegian parliament's committee on judicial affairs, said a proposal to ban semi-automatic weapons proposed the year prior now had enough political support to become law by 2021. The law will ban Ruger Mini-14 rifle that was used in Utøya massacre and other semi-auto rifles for hunting. However, using semi-automatic firearms for shooting sports is still legal for sportsmen who have permission for practice and competition shooting from Dynamic Sports Shooting Norway (DSSN) or the Norwegian Reserve Officers' Association (NROF).[343]

    Inspiration for the New Zealand mosque mass shooter

    {{main article|Christchurch mosque shootings}}

    Terrorist attacker of the Christchurch mosque shootings, Brenton Harrison Tarrant, cites in his manifesto that he was in particular inspired by Anders Behring Breivik and claims to have been in "brief contact" with him.[344][345] The consecutive mass shootings took place at two Muslim mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand, during Friday Prayer on 15 March 2019.[346]

    In popular culture

    Films

    Two films about the attacks were released on 2018: the Norwegian production July 22, directed by Erik Poppe in Norwegian language and released in February, and the American production 22 July, directed by English filmmaker Paul Greengrass in English language (but with a Norwegian cast) and released in September. Despite their similar names and close release dates, they are unrelated.

    Poppe's film is a continuous shot feature film reenacting the Utøya massacre by focusing solely on the victims (particularly on one played by Andrea Berntzen), with Breivik only appearing briefly as a distant shadowy figure.[347][348] All the characters are fictional, and the movie was filmed as one continuous take, as the purpose was to promote understanding of the victims as seen from their perspective.

    Greengrass' film is based on the non-fiction book One of Us: The Story of a Massacre in Norway — and Its Aftermath, and unlike Poppe's work depicts real-life individuals involved in the events, with Breivik (played by Anders Danielsen Lie) playing a central role. The movie depicts both attacks, while also focusing heavily on their aftermath, most notably Breivik's trial; in parallel, it also focuses on the story of Viljar Hanssen, one of the survivors of the Utøya massacre who was shot and barely survived, as he and his family try to cope with the trauma.[349]

    Both films were received positively by critics, with several media outlets studying their radically different approaches to the same subject.[350][351][352][353][347][354][355][356]

    Music

    The Austrian black metal band Harakiri for the Sky released a song titled, "69 Dead Birds for Utøya", on their 2014 album Aokigahara. One verse says: "Everytime you think the most stupefying incident in this world already happened, There comes one more."

    Dutch symphonic metal band Epica released a song entitled "Internal Warfare", on their 2012 album Requiem for the Indifferent. Singer Simone Simons stated in an interview that it was about the Anders Breivik attacks in Norway.

    A 2016 song performed by the Norwegian pop-rock band deLillos, "Vi ser dere nå" ("We see you now"), was written about the attacks; one verse says: ".. he set off a bomb, to go to an island, where he gunned down youth, as if it was fun".[357][358]

    Television

    Season 6 of Seconds From Disaster premiered on the one-year anniversary of the 2011 Norway attacks (airdate July 22, 2012), with the episode titled, "Norway Massacre: I Was There".[359]

    See also

    • 22 July
    • 22 July Information Center
    • Anders Behring Breivik#In popular culture
    • HV-016
    • Oklahoma City bombing, lone wolf attack against government offices, using similar explosives.
    • List of rampage killers (religious, political or racial crimes)
    • Christchurch mosque shootings

    References

    1. ^1 {{cite news |title=Norway: Anders Behring Breivik claims 'two more cells' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14280210 |publisher=BBC News |date=25 July 2011 }}
    2. ^{{cite news |title=Arbeiderpartiet har sveket landet, og prisen fikk de betale fredag |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7725980 |newspaper=NRK |language=Norwegian |trans-title=The Labour Party has betrayed the country, and the price they paid on Friday |date=25 July 2011 }}
    3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.regjeringen.no/pages/35819707/NBPD_02.pdf |title=Notat – Redgjørelse Stortinget |publisher=Politiet |date=10 November 2011 |accessdate=10 November 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6HtqgpwMA?url=http://www.regjeringen.no/pages/35819707/NBPD_02.pdf |archivedate=6 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |language=Norwegian }}
    4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/22juli/Slik-var-Behring-Breiviks-bevegelser-pa-Utoya-6806375.html|title=Slik var Behring Breiviks bevegelser på Utøya|publisher=Aftenposten|date=16 April 2012|accessdate=16 April 2012|language=Norwegian}}
    5. ^{{cite news|title=Skutt på kloss hold |url=http://www.dagsavisen.no/samfunn/skutt-pa-kloss-hold/ |newspaper=Dagsavisen |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Shot at close range |date=3 May 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517201704/http://www.dagsavisen.no/samfunn/skutt-pa-kloss-hold/ |archivedate=17 May 2012 }}
    6. ^{{cite web|url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/08/24/world/europe/norway-breivik-trial|title=Norway killer Anders Breivik ruled sane, given 21-year prison term |publisher=CNN|date= 24 August 2012}}
    7. ^{{Cite news |title=Journalists and PTSD: Is it about guilt? |url=http://www.cjr.org/the_observatory/ptsd_anders_breivik_journalist.php |work=Columbia Journalism Review |date=6 December 2013 }}
    8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/terrorangrepet-22-juli-ofrene/maa-i-retten-for-underslag-av-22-7-penger/a/23855709/|title=Må i retten for underslag av 22/7-penger|publisher=vg.no|accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    9. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Eksplosjonen i Oslo sentrum 22. juli 2011 |url=http://www.jordskjelv.no/cgi-bin/showpage.cgi?type=siste&id=1311425084 |language=Norwegian |trans-title=The explosion in Oslo 22 July 2011 |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=1 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66zJjcFnv?url=http://www.jordskjelv.no/cgi-bin/showpage.cgi?type=siste&id=1311425084 |archivedate=17 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
    10. ^1 {{cite news|title=Her er restene av bombebilen |url=http://nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7851932 |newspaper=NRK |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Here is the remains of the car |date=29 October 2011 }}
    11. ^{{cite news|title=Ble sett av ti kameraer |url=http://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/110916/ble-sett-av-10-kameraer |newspaper=ABC Nyheter |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Was seen by ten surveillance cameras |date=16 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211102519/http://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/110916/ble-sett-av-10-kameraer |archivedate=11 December 2011 }}
    12. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news |title=Dette er Breivik tiltalt for |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.8024605 |publisher=NRK |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Breivik's indictment |date=7 March 2012 }}
    13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news |title=Oslo government district bombing and Utøya island shooting July 22, 2011: The immediate prehospital emergency medical service response |url=http://www.sjtrem.com/content/20/1/3 |publisher=Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine |date=26 January 2012 }}
    14. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web |title=Læring for bedre beredskap; Helseinnsatsen etter terrorhendelsene 22. juli 2011 |url=http://helsedirektoratet.no/publikasjoner/lering-for-bedre-beredskap-/Sider/default.aspx |language=Norwegian |date=9 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131029075640/http://helsedirektoratet.no/publikasjoner/lering-for-bedre-beredskap-/Sider/default.aspx |archivedate=29 October 2013 }}
    15. ^1 {{cite news |title=Slik skaffet han politiuniformen |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7725557 |newspaper=NRK |language=Norwegian |trans-title=How he obtained the uniform |date=24 July 2011 }}
    16. ^1 {{cite news |title=Slik var Behring Breivik kledd for å drepe |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/11/20/nyheter/innenriks/terror/terrorangrepet/anders_behring_breivik/19084856/ |newspaper=Dagbladet |language=Norwegian |trans-title=How Behring Breivik was dressed to kill |date=20 November 2011 }}
    17. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Terrorofrene på Utøya og i Oslo |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/ofre/ |work=Verdens Gang |publisher=Schibsted ASA |language=Norwegian |accessdate=29 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909043438/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/ofre/ |archivedate=9 September 2011 }}
    18. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Navn på alle terrorofre offentliggjort |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080895 |work=Verdens Gang |publisher=Schibsted ASA |date=29 July 2011 |language=Norwegian |accessdate=27 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123175220/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080895 |archivedate=23 November 2011 }}
    19. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://www.ostlendingen.no/nyheter/en-av-de-sarede-dode-pa-sykehuset-1.6381849|title=En av de sårede døde på sykehuset|date=24 July 2011|newspaper=Østlendingen|accessdate=25 July 2011|language=Norwegian|trans-title=One of the wounded died in hospital}}
    20. ^{{cite news |title=Norway killings: Princess's brother Trond Berntsen among dead |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8659298/Norway-killings-Princesss-brother-Trond-Berntsen-among-dead.html |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |location=London |first=Raf |last=Sanchez |date=25 July 2011 }}
    21. ^1 {{cite news|title=Prime minister: Norway still 'an open society' despite 'the horror' |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-07-25/world/norway.terror.attacks_1_norway-since-world-war-crown-princess-mette-marit-labour-party |publisher=CNN |date=25 July 2011 |df= }}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
    22. ^1 {{cite news |title=Tre timer som forandret Norge |url=http://www.aftenbladet.no/nyheter/lokalt/Tre-timer-som-forandret-Norge-2911085.html |newspaper=Stavanger Aftenblad |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Three hours that changed Norway |date=28 December 2011 }}
    23. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=1 av 4 kjenner rammede |url=http://www.klassekampen.no/59186/article/item/null/-av--kjenner-rammede |newspaper=Klassekampen |language=Norwegian |trans-title=1 of 4 know a victim |date=19 August 2011 }}
    24. ^{{cite news |title=Norway police 'could have stopped Breivik sooner' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19241327 |accessdate=1 September 2012 |work=BBC News Europe |date=13 August 2012 }}
    25. ^{{cite news |title=Man held after Norway attacks right-wing extremist: report |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/22/us-norway-gunman-idUSTRE76L6LZ20110722 |agency=Reuters |date=22 July 2011 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}
    26. ^{{cite news |title=Norway shootings: Anders Behring Breivik surrendered with his hands above his head |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8666351/Norway-shootings-Anders-Behring-Breivik-surrendered-with-his-hands-above-his-head.html |newspaper=The Telegraph |date=27 July 2011 |location=London |first=Gordon |last=Rayner}}
    27. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Norway suspect Anders Behring Breivik 'admits attacks' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14265094 |publisher=BBC |date=24 July 2011 }}
    28. ^{{cite news |title=Norwegians value respecting killer's human rights |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/04/17/world/europe/norway-breivik-court-magnay/ |publisher=CNN |date=17 April 2011 }}
    29. ^{{cite news|author=Clive Williams |url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/deadly-cruel-lesson-from-norway/story-e6frg6z6-1226101590303 |title=Deadly, cruel lesson from Norway |work=The Australian |accessdate=27 July 2011 |date=26 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726235141/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/deadly-cruel-lesson-from-norway/story-e6frg6z6-1226101590303| archivedate=26 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    30. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/25/world/europe/25breivik.html |title=Oslo Suspect Cultivated Parallel Life to Disguise 'Martyrdom Operation' |date=24 July 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2011 |work=The New York Times |first1=Michael |last1=Schwirtz |first2=Matthew |last2=Saltmarsh}}
    31. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/r/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/07/24/National-Politics/Graphics/2083+-+A+European+Declaration+of+Independence.pdf |title=2083: A European Declaration of Independence |last=Behring Breivik |first=Anders |work=The Washington Post |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66qAlvFxC?url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/r/2010-2019/WashingtonPost/2011/07/24/National-Politics/Graphics/2083+-+A+European+Declaration+of+Independence.pdf |archivedate=11 April 2012 |deadurl=no |accessdate=11 April 2012 }}
    32. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=https://archive.org/details/2083_A_European_Declaration_of_Independence |title=2083: A European Declaration of Independence |last=Behring Breivik |first=Anders |publisher=Internet Archive |accessdate=11 April 2012}}
    33. ^{{Cite journal|url=https://ct24.ceskatelevize.cz/ekonomika/1258302-czechtourism-praha-je-bezpecnejsi-nez-viden|title=CzechTourism: Praha je bezpečnější než Vídeň|trans-title=CzechTourism: Prague is safer than Vienna|publisher=ČT24|date=15 June 2011|language=Czech|postscript=.}}
    34. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite web|url=https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/zbrane-pro-sve-smrtici-tazeni-chtel-breivik-nakoupit-v-nebezpecne-praze-105014|title=Zbraně pro své smrtící tažení chtěl Breivik nakoupit v 'nebezpečné Praze'|trans-title=Breivik wanted to buy weapons for his deadly campaign in 'dangerous Prague'|publisher=novinky.cz|date=24 July 2011|language=Czech|postscript=.}}
    35. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.novinky.cz/clanek/breivikovi-chybely-kontakty-jinak-by-v-praze-zbrane-sehnal-105580|title=Breivikovi chyběly kontakty, jinak by v Praze zbraně sehnal|trans-title=Breivik was missing contacts, otherwise he would have got weapons in Prague|publisher=novinky.cz|date=26 July 2011}}
    36. ^1 2 3 {{Cite news|url=https://t.tyden.cz/rubriky/zahranici/evropa/norsky-vrah-shanel-zbrane-i-u-motorkaru-v-praze_207777.html|title=Praha je moc bezpečná, pušku tu neseženu, litoval norský zabiják|trans-title=Prague is too safe to get a rifle, regretted Norwegian killer|work=Týden|date=24 July 2011|language=Czech|postscript=.|accessdate=22 November 2018}}
    37. ^1 {{Cite journal|url=http://www.ceskapozice.cz/en/news/society/oslo-killer-sought-weapons-prague%E2%80%99s-underworld |title=Oslo killer sought weapons from Prague's underworld |publisher=Czech Position |date=25 July 2011 |postscript=. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110912110627/http://www.ceskapozice.cz/en/news/society/oslo-killer-sought-weapons-prague%E2%80%99s-underworld |archivedate=12 September 2011 }}
    38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/b5a1b3ce-b60b-11e0-8bed-00144feabdc0.html|title=Suspect focused on buying specific weapons|work=Financial Times|date=24 July 2011|postscript=.}}
    39. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/Skaffet-seg-vpen-p-lovlig-vis-2542413.html|title=Skaffet seg våpen på lovlig vis|date=24 July 2011|work=Bergens Tidende|publisher=Norsk Telegrambyrå|language=Norwegian|accessdate=24 July 2011}}
    40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.channel4.com/news/norway-gunman-to-appear-in-court |title=Norway gunman claims two more terror cells exist – Channel 4 News |publisher=Channel 4 |accessdate=18 April 2012}}
    41. ^1 {{cite news |first=Paulina |last=Iwińska |language=Polish |url=http://wroclaw.naszemiasto.pl/artykul/wroclaw-prokuratura-wszczela-sledztwo-w-sprawie-chemikaliow,3186137,art,t,id,tm.html |date=26 July 2011 |publisher=naszemiasto.pl|agency=PAP |title=Wrocław: Prokuratura wszczęła śledztwo w sprawie chemikaliów dla Breivika|accessdate=22 November 2018}}
    42. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Norway-Anders-Behring-Breivik-Was-On-Intelligence-Watch-List-After-Buying-Chemicals-Online/Article/201107416036733?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_16036733_Norway%3A_Anders_Behring_Breivik_Was_On_Intelligence_Watch_List_After_Buying_Chemicals_Online |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120712223302/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Norway-Anders-Behring-Breivik-Was-On-Intelligence-Watch-List-After-Buying-Chemicals-Online/Article/201107416036733?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_16036733_Norway:_Anders_Behring_Breivik_Was_On_Intelligence_Watch_List_After_Buying_Chemicals_Online |dead-url=yes |archive-date=12 July 2012 |title=Norwegian 'MI5' Had Massacre Suspect on List |date=25 July 2011 |publisher=Sky News |accessdate=25 July 2011 |df= }}
    43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.purehelp.no/company/details/breivikgeofarm/994089269 |title=Breivik Geofarm – 994089269 – Firmapresentasjon |website= Purehelp.no |language= Norwegian| date=18 May 2009 |accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    44. ^{{cite web|url=http://w2.brreg.no/enhet/sok/detalj.jsp?orgnr=994089269 |title=Nøkkelopplysninger fra Enhetsregisteret | website= brreg.no |language= Norwegian | publisher= The Brønnøysund Register Centre| date= 18 May 2009 |accessdate= 31 May 2017}}
    45. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/23/nyheter/terror/innenriks/17425643/ |title=Breivik kjøpte seks tonn kunstgjødsel i mai – nyheter |language= Norwegian| website= Dagbladet.no |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate= 16 August 2011}}
    46. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4221239.ece |title= Bomben i Regjeringskvartalet var 950 kg |language= Norwegian |website= Aftenposten.no |accessdate=21 January 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117070923/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4221239.ece |archivedate=17 November 2011 |df= }}
    47. ^{{cite web|url=http://e24.no/lov-og-rett/ingen-krav-til-de-som-kjoeper-kunstgjoedsel/20082120 |title=Ingen krav til de som kjøper kunstgjødsel – Lov og rett |language= Norwegian |website= E24.no |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    48. ^{{cite web|author=NTB |url=http://www.dn.no/forsiden/politikkSamfunn/article2189178.ece |title=PST: – Selv ikke Stasi kunne ha avslørt Breivik |website= DN.no |language= Norwegian|date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807091559/http://www.dn.no/forsiden/politikkSamfunn/article2189178.ece |archivedate=7 August 2011 }}
    49. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article3199990.ece |language= Norwegian |title= Svensk politi jakter mystiske "Breivik-ansatte"|first= Egil| last= Sande| website= Nettavisen.no |date=29 July 2011|accessdate=3 September 2011}}
    50. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/23/nyheter/innenriks/terror/utoya/17428047|title=Står igjen tre tonn gjødsel på gården|first1= Sindre Granly| last1= Meldalen | first2=Torgeir P. | last2= Krokfjord | website= Dagbladet.no |language= Norwegian |quote= Da den siktede 32-åringen kom til Vålstua Gård på Åsta i april i år, startet han ikke opp med gårdsproduksjon, men valgte å forpakte bort rundt 100 mål hvor det ble produsert gress.|date=23 July 2011|accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    51. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/23/nyheter/terror/drap/17421854/|title=Anders (32) tatt etter massakrene| first1= Harald S.| last1= Klungtveit |first2= Peder| last2= Ottosen |first3= Gunnar| last3= Thorenfeldt | first4= Jonas |last4= Pettersen | website= Dagbladet.no |language= Norwegian | date=23 July 2011|accessdate=3 September 2011}}
    52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/08/01/nyheter/innenriks/terror/anders_behring_breivik/17510788/|title="Unikt" at bomba bare drepte åtte personer| website= Dagbladet.no |language= Norwegian |date=1 August 2011|accessdate=17 August 2011}}
    53. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7753950|title=Fant enda en stor, klargjort bombe på gården til Behring Breivik| first= Tormod |last= Strand| publisher= Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation| website= NRK.no |language= Norwegian |date=17 August 2011|accessdate=17 August 2011}}
    54. ^{{cite news|title=Oslo Terrorist Used Modern Warfare 2 as "Training-Simulation", World of Warcraft as Cover|url=http://kotaku.com/5824147/oslo-terrorist-anders-behring-breivik-used-modern-warfare-2-as-training-simulation-world-of-warcraft-as-cover|date=24 July 2011|accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    55. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.escapistmagazine.com/news/view/116848-Norwegian-Mass-Murderer-Defends-Gaming-Habits |title=Norwegian Mass Murderer Defends Gaming Habits |accessdate=29 July 2012}}
    56. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/27/nyheter/terror/innenriks/regjeringskvartalet/terror_i_oslo/17473825/|publisher=Dagbladet|title=Her er krateret|language=Norwegian|trans-title=Here is the crater|date=27 July 2011|accessdate=27 July 2011}}
    57. ^1 {{cite news|title= At least 92 killed in shootings and bomb blast in Norway|date=22 July 2011 | publisher=VG|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080597|archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205063301/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080597|dead-url=yes|archive-date=5 December 2012| location = NO | accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    58. ^1 {{cite news|title=Youth camp shooting after Oslo bomb|date=22 July 2011|first=Andrew|last=Ward|work=Financial Times|location=Stockholm|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/24346904-b46c-11e0-9eb8-00144feabdc0.html | accessdate=22 July 2011}}
    59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7794913 |title=Her flykter Breivik fra bombebilen – Norge – NRK Nyheter |publisher=NRK |date=15 September 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2012}}
    60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7796498 |title=Slik plasserte Breivik terrorbomben i regjeringskvartalet – Norge – NRK Nyheter |publisher=NRK |date=16 September 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2012}}
    61. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/110916/ble-sett-av-10-kameraer |title=Ble sett av ti kameraer |agency=ABC NYHETER |accessdate=3 December 2011 |date=16 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211102519/http://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/110916/ble-sett-av-10-kameraer |archivedate=11 December 2011 }}
    62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7796175 |title=– Vaktene så ikke Breivik flykte fra bombebilen – Norge – NRK Nyheter |publisher=NRK |date=16 September 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2012}}
    63. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://m.nrk.no/m/artikkel.jsp?art_id=17724894 |title=Breivik forberedte terror i ni år |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Breivik preparing terror for nine years |accessdate=24 July 2011 |date=24 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110820101242/http://m.nrk.no/m/artikkel.jsp?art_id=17724894 |archivedate=20 August 2011 }}
    64. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/distrikt/ostlandssendingen/1.8279656 |title=Flere svakheter hos Oslo-politiet |publisher=Nrk.no |date=13 August 2012 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    65. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/23/world/europe/23oslo.html|title=Big Blast Hits Government Buildings in Central Oslo |work=The New York Times | date=23 July 2011|first1=Elisa|last1=Mala|first2=J. David|last2=Goodman}}
    66. ^{{cite news|url= http://blogs.reuters.com/events/2011/07/22/explosion-rocks-oslo/ |title= Explosion rocks Oslo | Events | work=Blogs |agency=Reuters |accessdate=22 July 2011 |date=22 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722233601/http://blogs.reuters.com/events/2011/07/22/explosion-rocks-oslo/| archivedate=22 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    67. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.cnn.com/2011-07-28/world/norway.attacks_1_oslo-police-bomb-blast-police-headquarters|title=Suspect in Norway attacks to face second interrogation|date=28 July 2011|publisher=CNN|df=dmy-all|access-date=15 November 2018}}{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
    68. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/07/23/oslo-bombing-anders-behring-brelvik-norwegian-suspect-fertilizer_n_907697.html|title=Oslo Norway Bombing: Suspect Anders Behring Breivik Bought Tons Of Fertilizer, Wrote Manifesto|last=Wong|first=Curtis|date=23 July 2011|work=Huffington Post|accessdate=22 September 2011|agency=Associated Press}}
    69. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B8KlLagNRbw Breivik blast CCTV in Norway
    70. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslotrikken-det-er-normal-drift-ingen-grunn-til-bekymring-3544402.html|title=Oslo-trikken: – Det er normal drift, ingen grunn til bekymring|last=Syrstad|first=Tor Gaute|date=22 July 2011|publisher=TV2|language=Norwegian|accessdate=27 July 2011}}
    71. ^{{cite news| title = Oslo bomb – latest updates| date=22 July 2011|publisher=BBC | location = UK | work=News| url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14254705 |accessdate=22 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722170637/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14254705| archivedate=22 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    72. ^{{cite news| title= Bomb blast rocks downtown Oslo| date=22 July 2011| publisher=RT| url= http://rt.com/news/oslo-explosion-pm-headquarters/| accessdate=22 July 2011}}
    73. ^{{cite news| title= Oslo-trikken: – Det er normal drift, ingen grunn til bekymring|date=22 July 2011|work=TV 2| location = NO | language = Norwegian |url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslotrikken-det-er-normal-drift-ingen-grunn-til-bekymring-3544402.html|accessdate=22 July 2011}}
    74. ^{{cite news| title= All trains shut down after suspicious package|date=22 July 2011|work=Dagbladet| location = NO | url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/22/nyheter/innenriks/flytog/17418881/|accessdate=22 July 2011}}
    75. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/22/nyheter/innenriks/eksplosjon/regjeringskvartalet/17416403/| title = Disse områdene er evakuert| work=Dagbladet| location = NO | language = Norwegian | accessdate=22 July 2011| date=22 July 2011|last1=Lofstad|first1=Ralf|last2= Haraldsen|first2=Stian|last3=Badi|first3=Diana}}
    76. ^{{cite news |location=UK |title=Oslo: Bomb blast near Norway prime minister's office |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14252515 |publisher=BBC News |date=22 July 2011 |accessdate=22 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722170627/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14252515 |archivedate=22 July 2011 |deadurl=no}}
    77. ^1 {{cite news |title=Breivik: – Mislyktes med bomben mot høyblokken |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Breivik---Mislyktes-med-bomben-mot-hyblokken-6700588.html |newspaper=Aftenposten |language=Norwegian |date=18 November 2011 |accessdate=11 April 2012}}
    78. ^{{cite news|title= Police: 91 youth campers dead in mass shooting, bombing in Norway |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/07/22/norway.explosion/index.html|accessdate=23 July 2011|publisher=CNN| location = United States | date=23 July 2011}}
    79. ^{{cite web|title=Sommerleir på Utøya |url=http://auf.no/-/page/show/utoya?sandbox_id=1063610 |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Summer Camp at Utøya |accessdate=25 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110627025138/http://auf.no/-/page/show/utoya?sandbox_id=1063610 |archivedate=27 June 2011 }}
    80. ^[https://archive.today/20120716112957/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Article/201009116035628 "Norway Camp Shooting: 'As Many As 30 Dead'"]. Sky News. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 27 July 2011 {{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/home/article/16035628 |title=Archived copy |accessdate=15 March 2017 |deadurl=bot: unknown |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811134247/http://news.sky.com/home/article/16035628 |archivedate=11 August 2011 }}
    81. ^{{cite news |title=Slik er hovedhuset på Utøya |url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/slik-er-hovedhuset-paa-utoeya-3600734.html |publisher=TV 2 |language=Norwegian |date=3 October 2011 |accessdate=11 April 2012}}
    82. ^{{cite news |title= Flere unge skutt og drept på Utøya | url= http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7723132 |agency=Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation | date=22 July 2011 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}
    83. ^{{cite news|language=Norwegian |title=Vi er under angrep! |first=Jarle |last=Brenna |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080590 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20121205035057/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080590 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=5 December 2012 |newspaper=VG Nett |location=NO |date=22 July 2011 |accessdate=22 July 2011 }}
    84. ^{{cite web| publisher=NRC | url=http://www.nrc.nl/nieuws/2011/07/22/gewonden-bij-explosie-in-overheidsgebouw-in-oslo/| location = NL | language = Dutch | title = LIVE: Doden bij bomexplosie in Oslo – schietpartij op jongerenkamp}}
    85. ^{{cite news |agency=Reuters | title= Nine, perhaps 10, killed in Norway shooting | url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/22/us-norway-shooting-idUSTRE76L5E120110722 |date=22 July 2011 |accessdate=22 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110723160549/https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/22/us-norway-shooting-idUSTRE76L5E120110722| archivedate=23 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    86. ^1 2 [https://www.npr.org/2011/07/23/138634243/norway-rescuers-search-waters-after-island-attack Survivors In Norway Describe Scenes Of Terror] by NPR, 23 July 2011
    87. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=no&u=http://nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7725593&oi=translate&prev=/search%3Fq%3D%2522Adrian%2BPracon%2Bble%2Bskutt,%2Bmen%2Boverlevde.%2BHan%2Bforteller%2Bom%2Ben%2Bung%2Bgutt%2Bp%25C3%25A5%2Belleve%2B%25C3%25A5r%2B%2522%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D517%26rlz%3D1R2ACPW_noNO418%26prmd%3Divnso |title= Translate | publisher=Google |accessdate=27 July 2011}}
    88. ^{{cite news | location = UK | url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14255004 | title= Twin terror attacks shock Norway |publisher=BBC | work=News | date=22 July 2011 | accessdate=23 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110722213724/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14255004| archivedate=22 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    89. ^{{cite news|title=Terroriserte Utøya i halvannen time |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4181699.ece |language=Norwegian |trans-title=Terrorized Utøya in half-hour |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725033627/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4181699.ece |archivedate=25 July 2011 }}
    90. ^{{cite news|title=Doctor: Breivik used a special ammunition |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080715 |newspaper=VG |language=Norwegian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725031759/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080715 |archivedate=25 July 2011 }}
    91. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|title=Never seen gunshot wounds like this before|url= http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/24/nyheter/innenriks/oslo/oslo-terror/anders_behring_breivik/17442711/|newspaper=Dagbladet |language=Norwegian}}
    92. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23973140-mother-utoya-killed-after-quizzing-anders-breivik.do |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120914155628/http://www.thisislondon.co.uk/standard/article-23973140-mother-utoya-killed-after-quizzing-anders-breivik.do |dead-url=yes |archive-date=14 September 2012 |newspaper=London Evening Standard |date=26 July 2011 |title=Mother of Two shot dead trying to stop Norway gunman |postscript=. |df= }}
    93. ^Grandad mourns youngest victim, New Zealand Herald, 29 July 2011
    94. ^{{cite news |title=Fikk vite at datteren var den siste som ble drept |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/03/08/nyheter/innenriks/drap/tiltale/terror/20582404/ |newspaper=Dagbladet |language=Norwegian |date=8 March 2012 |accessdate=11 April 2012}}
    95. ^{{cite news|title=Utøya, the island paradise turned into hell by Anders Behring Breivik|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/23/utoya-mass-murder-anders-behring-breivik|date=23 July 2011|accessdate=27 July 2011|location=London|work=The Guardian|first1=Mark|last1=Townsend|first2=Tracy|last2=McVeigh| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110727123238/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/23/utoya-mass-murder-anders-behring-breivik| archivedate=27 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    96. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/Berget-livet-i-kjrlighetsgrottene-2545679.html|title=Berget livet i kjærlighetsgrottene|last=Haugen|first=Erlend Langeland|date=28 July 2011|publisher=Bergens Tidende|language=Norwegian|accessdate=29 July 2011}}
    97. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/--Skolestuen-berget-mange-liv-2544093.html|title=- Skolestuen berget mange liv|last=Bjerkestrand|first=Frode|date=26 July 2011|publisher=Bergens Tidende|language=Norwegian|accessdate=27 July 2011}}
    98. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.fvn.no/lokalt/kristiansand/article885595.ece |title=- Trodde vi var eneste overlevende |last=Mersland |first=Frank |author2=Roald Ankersen |date=23 July 2011 |publisher=Fædrelandsvennen |language=Norwegian |accessdate=27 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110808101223/http://www.fvn.no/lokalt/kristiansand/article885595.ece |archivedate=8 August 2011 |df= }}
    99. ^{{cite web|author=Nikolaus von Twickel|url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/news/article/chechen-war-prepared-teens-for-norway-terror/442109.html|title=Chechen War Prepared Teens for Norway Terror|work=The Moscow Times|date=16 August 2011|accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    100. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=no&u=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php%3Fartid%3D10080621&oi=translate&prev=/search%3Fq%3Danders%2Bbehring%2Bbreivik%2Bgro%2Blandsmorderen%26hl%3Den%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D517%26rlz%3D1W1ACPW_noNO418%26prmd%3Divnso |title=Suspected mass murder called Gro 'murder of the nation' |publisher=Google |accessdate=27 July 2011}}
    101. ^{{cite web|url=https://translate.google.com/translate?sl=no&u=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7725803&oi=translate&prev=/search%3Fq%3DVille%2Bramme%2BGro%2BHarlem%2BBrundtland%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26biw%3D1024%26bih%3D517%26rlz%3D1R2ACPW_noNO418%26prmd%3Divnso |title=Would kill Gro Harlem Brundtland |publisher=Google |accessdate=27 July 2011}}
    102. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8658995/Norway-shooting-killer-confirms-Gro-Harlem-Brundtland-was-main-target.html "Norway shooting: killer 'confirms Gro Harlem Brundtland was main target'"]. The Daily Telegraph. 25 July 2011.
    103. ^{{cite web|url=http://mobil.tk.no/nyheter/article5682918.ece|title=Trodde bare vi slapp unna|publisher=Tidens Krav|date=27 July 2011|accessdate=22 October 2011}}
    104. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vestreviken.no/aktuelt/nyheter/Sider/--dere-har-reddet-liv.aspx |title=Dere har reddet liv |publisher=Vestre Viken HF |date=29 July 2011 |accessdate=24 October 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111227123522/http://www.vestreviken.no/aktuelt/nyheter/Sider/--dere-har-reddet-liv.aspx |archivedate=27 December 2011 }}
    105. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/hege-17-fikk-beredskapstroppen-raskere-til-utoeya-3650650.html|title=Hege (17) fikk beredskapstroppen raskere til Utøya|publisher=TV 2|date=1 December 2011|accessdate=1 December 2011}}
    106. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/11/28/nyheter/innenriks/terror/anders_behring_breivik/deltatroppen/19204079/|title=En halv time, er en halv time for mye|publisher=Dagbladet|date=28 December 2011|accessdate=11 December 2011}}
    107. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8658437/Norway-shooting-German-tourist-hailed-a-hero-after-saving-30-lives.html|title=Norway shooting: German tourist hailed a hero after saving 30 lives|work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK|date=26 July 2011}}
    108. ^1 {{cite news|location=NO |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10030903 |title=Her er Utøya-heltene sine historier |work=VG |date=9 October 2011 |accessdate=12 December 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111211133751/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10030903 |archivedate=11 December 2011 }}
    109. ^{{Cite news| last = Watkins| first = Tom| title = Norwegian islander ferries children to safety| publisher = CNN| accessdate=12 August 2011| date=23 July 2011| url = http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/07/22/norway.rescue.worker/index.html| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110729062751/http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/europe/07/22/norway.rescue.worker/index.html| archivedate=29 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    110. ^{{Cite news| last = Morris| first = Chris| title = Norway attacks: Utoeya rescuer describes shock of survivors| publisher = BBC News| accessdate=12 August 2011| date=26 July 2011| url = https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14295913| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110727081857/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14295913| archivedate=27 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    111. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080811 |title=Breivik er overrasket over at han lyktes – VG Nett om Terrorangrepet 22. juli |publisher=Vg.no |date=26 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123175255/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080811 |archivedate=23 November 2011 }}
    112. ^{{cite web|author=Norway |url=http://theforeigner.no/pages/news/police-reveal-breivik-called-twice-broke-communication |title=Police reveal Breivik called twice, broke communication |publisher=Theforeigner.no |accessdate=21 August 2011}}
    113. ^{{cite news|location=United States |url=http://cnn.com/video/?/video/world/2011/07/23/bpr.pracon.norway.survivor.cnn |title=One Norway survivor describes how he played dead as a gunman passed him |publisher=CNN |work=News |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=23 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723235445/http://www.cnn.com/video/?%2Fvideo%2Fworld%2F2011%2F07%2F23%2Fbpr.pracon.norway.survivor.cnn |archivedate=23 July 2011 |deadurl=no }}
    114. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/21/utoya-anders-behring-breivik-norway | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Mark | last=Townsend | title=Survivors of Norway shootings return to island of Utøya | date=21 August 2011}}
    115. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/krim/96-personer-saaret-i-terrorangrepene-3545176.html |title=96 personer såret i terrorangrepene – TV 2 Nyhetene |publisher=Tv2.no |date=24 July 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2012}}
    116. ^The TV crews saw what was happening before the police. novinky.cz 26 July 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
    117. ^I ordered the boat to Storøya {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111024070654/http://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/110922/jeg-beordret-batene-mot-storoeya |date=24 October 2011 }} ABC Nyheter. 29 October 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
    118. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ringblad.no/Video_import/article5808268.ece |title=A video of the crossing |language=nb |publisher=Ringblad.no |accessdate=21 January 2012}}
    119. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7fIeph87z3E |title=Where Were You |publisher=YouTube |accessdate=21 January 2012}}
    120. ^Police statements differ {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111127140615/http://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/110922/politiets-forklaringer-spriker |date=27 November 2011 }} ABC Nyheter. 22 September 2011. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
    121. ^Jan Andersson, Lisa Karlsson, Oskyldig 17-åring greps med massmördaren (Swedish), Sveriges Radio, 12 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
    122. ^1 News report from AFP: Survivor held for 17 hours after attack, 13 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011.
    123. ^1 Marianne Vikås et al., Utøya-offer kastet på glattcelle (Norwegian), Verdens Gang, 12 August 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2011. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901045108/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10097733 |date=1 September 2011 }}
    124. ^Torgeir P. Krokfjord, Utøya-offer (17) ble mistenkt og avhørt uten advokat (Norwegian), Dagbladet, 12 August 2011. Retrieved 14 August 2011.
    125. ^1 {{cite news |location=UK |title=Anders Behring Breivik: the indictment |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/apr/16/anders-behring-breivik-indictment |newspaper=The Guardian |date=14 April 2012 }}
    126. ^{{cite news| url= http://content.usatoday.com/communities/ondeadline/post/2011/07/blast-in-oslo-blows-out-government-office-building-windows/1 |title=17 dead in Oslo bombing, shootings; Norwegian held – On Deadline |work=USA Today | date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    127. ^1 [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14276074 Norway attacks: The victims], BBC News Online, 15 March 2016
    128. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aftenbladet.no/terror/Stoltenberg-skrev-tale-til-Utya-da-bomben-smalt-2840952.html |title=Stoltenberg skrev tale til Utøya da bomben smalt |trans-title=Stoltenberg was writing Utøya speech when the bomb exploded |language=Norwegian |publisher=Dagsavisen}}
    129. ^{{cite news|title=Sigbjørn Johnsen til forsvar for euroen |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/okonomi/innland/article4178054.ece |language=Norwegian |location=NO |publisher=Aftenposten |trans-title=Sigbjørn Johnsen in defense of the Euro |accessdate=22 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721234608/http://www.aftenposten.no/okonomi/innland/article4178054.ece |archivedate=21 July 2011 |df= }}
    130. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Newsarticle/Norway_on_summer_vacation/1253960829916 |title=Norway on summer vacation |publisher=The Research Council of Norway |date=1 July 2010 |accessdate=22 July 2011}}
    131. ^{{cite news |title=Eyewitness: Norway Utoeya shootings |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14255004 |publisher=BBC |date=23 July 2011 }}
    132. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7723555 |title=Politiet: Minst 80 drepte på Utøya – Norge |work=Nyheter |publisher=NRK | location=NO |language=Norwegian |accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    133. ^{{cite web|url=http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Norway-Live-Blog-Oslo-Bomb-Attack-And-Utoya-Shooting/Article/201107416035759?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_1&lid=ARTICLE_16035759_Norway_Live_Blog%3A_Oslo_Bomb_Attack_And_Utoya_Shooting |title=Norway Skynews Live blog |publisher=Sky News |accessdate=25 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20130203065337/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Norway-Live-Blog-Oslo-Bomb-Attack-And-Utoya-Shooting/Article/201107416035759?lpos=World_News_Carousel_Region_1&lid=ARTICLE_16035759_Norway_Live_Blog:_Oslo_Bomb_Attack_And_Utoya_Shooting |archivedate=3 February 2013 }}
    134. ^{{cite news|title=Norwegian Police End Search as Last Shooting Victim Found |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/188527/20110728/oslo-normay-shooting-attack-breivik-last-body-found.htm |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120909170545/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/188527/20110728/oslo-normay-shooting-attack-breivik-last-body-found.htm |dead-url=yes |archive-date=9 September 2012 |accessdate=28 July 2011 |newspaper=International Business Times |date=28 July 2011 |df= }}
    135. ^1 {{cite news |title=57 henrettet med hodeskudd på Utøya |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.8025218 |newspaper=NRK |language=Norwegian |trans-title=57 executed with shots through head |date=7 March 2012 }}
    136. ^{{cite news|title=Breivik avfyrte minst 186 skudd på Utøya |url=http://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/2011/10/13/breivik-avfyrte-minst-186-skudd-pa-utoeya |newspaper=ABC Nyheter |language=Norwegian |date=13 October 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111014035431/http://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/2011/10/13/breivik-avfyrte-minst-186-skudd-pa-utoeya |archivedate=14 October 2011 |df= }}
    137. ^{{cite news |title=Foreløpig navneliste etter terroren mot Norge 22. juli |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7724498 |newspaper=NRK |language=Norwegian |date=23 July 2011 }}
    138. ^{{cite news |title=Svalbard hardt rammet på Utøya |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/1.7724379 |newspaper=NRK |language=Norwegian |date=23 July 2011 }}
    139. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8659196/Norway-shooting-princesss-half-brother-among-victims.html | title=Norway shooting: princess's half-brother among victims |work=telegraph.co.uk |accessdate=30 January 2018 }}
    140. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/anders-32-i-oslo-ble-paagrepet-etter-bombe-og-massedrap-3544629.html |title= Anders (32) i Oslo ble pågrepet etter bombe og massedrap | work=Nyhetene |publisher=TV 2 | location = NO | accessdate=22 July 2011}}
    141. ^1 {{cite web|language=Norwegian |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080610 |title=Pågrepet 32-åring kalte seg selv nasjonalistisk |publisher=VG |work=Nett |location=NO |accessdate=22 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726101259/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080610 |archivedate=26 July 2011 }}
    142. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/forsvareren-i-hans-hode-var-det-noedvendig-3545122.html | title=Defence: – In his mind it was necessary | publisher=Nettavisen / TV2 | date=23 July 2011 | accessdate=23 July 2011 | author=Hansen, Birthe Steen}}
    143. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/25/anders-behring-breivik-terror-cells|title=Defiant from the dock, Breivik boasts more will die|last=Tisdal|first=Townsend|date=25 July 2011|work=The Guardian |location=UK |accessdate=27 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726234215/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/25/anders-behring-breivik-terror-cells| archivedate=26 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    144. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/26/world/europe/26oslo.html|title=Norway Suspect Denies Guilt and Suggests He Did Not Act Alone|last=Erlanger|first=Steven|date=25 July 2011|work=The New York Times|accessdate=26 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20111201233307/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/26/world/europe/26oslo.html| archivedate=1 December 2011| deadurl= no}}
    145. ^{{cite journal | url=http://pub.tv2.no/multimedia/TV2/archive/00927/Breivik_rapport_927719a.pdf |title=Forensic psychiatric statement Breivik, Anders Behring (summary) | last=Huseby | first=Torgeir |author2=Synne Sørheim |publisher=TV2 | language=Norwegian |date=29 November 2011 | accessdate=28 December 2011}}
    146. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2011/11/30/norway-split-on-breiviks-likely-fate-in-mental-ward-as-mass-killer-himself-insulted-by-ruling/|title=Norway split on Breivik's likely fate in mental ward, as mass-killer himself 'insulted' by ruling | agency=Agence France-Presse|date=30 November 2011 | accessdate=28 December 2011}}
    147. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.domstol.no/upload/OBYR/Internett/Nyheter/Terrorsaken/DRKs%20uttalelse.pdf |title=BREIVIK, ANDERS BEHRING. Rettspsykiatrisk erklæring |publisher=Oslo Tingrett |author=Den rettsmedisinske kommisjon |author2=Andreas Hamnes |author3=Agneta Nilsson |author4=Gunnar Johannessen |author5=Jannike E. Snoek |author6=Kirsten Rasmussen |author7=Knut Waterloo |author8=Karl Heinrik Melle |language=Norwegian |date=20 December 2011 |accessdate=28 December 2011 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66zJt6uO7?url=http://www.domstol.no/upload/OBYR/Internett/Nyheter/Terrorsaken/DRKs%20uttalelse.pdf |archivedate=17 April 2012 |deadurl=yes }}
    148. ^{{cite news|url=http://theforeigner.no/pages/news-in-brief/breivik-sees-opportunities/ | title=Breivik sees opportunities | publisher=The Foreigner | date=1 December 2011 | accessdate=1 December 2011}}
    149. ^{{Cite news |title= Norway's mass killer Breivik 'declared sane' |url= https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17663958 |publisher= BBC News |date=10 April 2012 |accessdate=10 April 2012}}
    150. ^{{Cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/25/world/europe/anders-behring-breivik-murder-trial.html | title=Norway Mass Killer Gets the Maximum: 21 Years | date=24 August 2012 | publisher=New York Times}}
    151. ^{{cite news|title=Norway killer Anders Behring Breivik called Gordon Brown and Prince Charles 'traitors' |first=Gordon |last=Rayner |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8658431/Norway-killer-Anders-Behring-Breivik-called-Gordon-Brown-and-Prince-Charles-traitors.html |newspaper=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 July 2011 |accessdate=11 April 2012 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/66zJnGbgQ?url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8658431/Norway-killer-Anders-Behring-Breivik-called-Gordon-Brown-and-Prince-Charles-traitors.html |archivedate=17 April 2012 |deadurl=no |location=London }}
    152. ^{{cite news|author=Matthew Taylor |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/26/breivik-manifesto-email-uk-contacts |title=Breivik sent 'manifesto' to 250 UK contacts hours before Norway killings |work=The Guardian |location=UK |accessdate=27 July 2011 |date=26 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110728023247/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/26/breivik-manifesto-email-uk-contacts| archivedate=28 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    153. ^{{cite web|author=ADAM GELLER AP |url=http://www.mercurynews.com/ci_18585340?IADID=Search-www.mercurynews.com-www.mercurynews.com |title=Norway gunman's tale diverges sharply from reality |work=San Jose Mercury News |date=30 July 2011 |accessdate=10 August 2011 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
    154. ^{{cite web|author=Sindre Bangstad |url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2012/aug/28/anders-breivik-norway-islamophobia-muslims |title=After Anders Breivik's conviction, Norway must confront Islamophobia |publisher=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    155. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j0D-1Q4Rg2RzAcXi1tCYJgK3PNuw?docId=CNG.d605a2923da5a34248120fc4eb7dc2c7.691 |title=AFP: Norway remembers 77 victims a month after massacre |publisher=Google |date=21 August 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120107032431/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5j0D-1Q4Rg2RzAcXi1tCYJgK3PNuw?docId=CNG.d605a2923da5a34248120fc4eb7dc2c7.691 |archivedate=7 January 2012 }}
    156. ^{{cite web|author=Starla Muhammad |url=http://newamericamedia.org/2011/08/tragedy-in-norway-borne-out-of-seeds-of-racism-and-intolerance-in-uk-eu.php |title=Tragedy in Norway Borne Out of Seeds of Racism and Intolerance in UK, EU |publisher=New America Media |date=19 August 2011 |accessdate=21 January 2012}}
    157. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/aug/19/utoya-island-shooting-victims-return | location=London | work=The Guardian | first=Hannah | last=Godfrey | title=Utøya island shooting victims return to scene of Breivik's killing spree | date=19 August 2011}}
    158. ^{{Cite book|title="Political Correctness:" A Short History of an Ideology |editor=William S. Lind |publisher=Free Congress Foundation |url=http://www.lifesitenews.com/news/archive/ldn/1950/51/5051909 |date=November 2004}}
    159. ^{{Cite press release |title=Scholars Respond to Breivik Manifesto|date=28 July 2011 |publisher=National Association of Scholars |url=http://www.nas.org/polPressReleases.cfm?Doc_Id=2099}}
    160. ^{{Cite journal |title=Die Welt, wie Anders B. Breivik sie sieht |date=29 July 2011 |author=Anne-Catherine Simon |author2=Christoph Saiger |author3=Helmar Dumbs |journal=Die Presse |url=http://diepresse.com/home/politik/aussenpolitik/682112/Die-Welt-wie-Anders-B-Breivik-sie-sieht?direct=680247&_vl_backlink=/home/politik/index.do&selChannel=100 |language=German}}
    161. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/25/nyheter/terror/utoya/anders_behring_breivik/17442957/ |title=Dette er terroristens store politiske forbilde – nyheter |publisher=Dagbladet.no |date=18 August 2009 |accessdate=25 July 2011}}
    162. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7725223 |title=Massedrapsmannen kopierte "Unabomberen" ord for ord |publisher=Nrk.no |accessdate=24 July 2011}}
    163. ^1 {{cite news|last=Shane|first=Scott|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/25/us/25debate.html|title= Killings in Norway Spotlight Anti-Muslim Thought in U.S.|work=The New York Times|date=24 July 2011|accessdate=10 April 2017}}
    164. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/02/20/weekinreview/20smit.html| title=Europe's Jews Seek Solace on the Right| first=Craig S.|last=Smith| newspaper=The New York Times| date=20 February 2005}}
    165. ^{{cite web|last=Archer |first=Toby |title=Breivik's Swamp |work=Foreign Policy |date=25 July 2011 |url=https://foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/07/25/breivik_s_swamp?page=0,1 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110910205259/http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/07/25/breivik_s_swamp?page=0%2C1 |archivedate=10 September 2011 }}
    166. ^{{cite news|title=If Only He Had Read The Brussels Journal|url=http://www.brusselsjournal.com/node/4783|accessdate=29 July 2011|newspaper=TBJ|date=27 July 2011}}
    167. ^{{cite news| title="2083, Une déclaration européenne d'indépendance" ou le petit manuel du néo-croisé| first=Marwan|last=Chahine| newspaper=Libération| date=25 July 2011| url = http://www.liberation.fr/monde/01012350843-2083-une-declaration-europeenne-d-independance-ou-le-petit-manuel-du-neo-croise }}
    168. ^{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Sarah |title=Norway attacks: Writer quoted by gunman hits back |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/25/norway-melanie-phillips-hits-back |accessdate=29 July 2011 |newspaper=The Guardian |date=25 July 2011|location=London |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727173430/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/25/norway-melanie-phillips-hits-back |archivedate=27 July 2011 |deadurl=no}}
    169. ^Bigotry a stepping stone to extreme action Newsroom, 26 July 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111204041707/http://www.newsroompanama.com/panama/3115-bigotry-a-stepping-stone-to-extreme-action.html |date=4 December 2011 }}
    170. ^De var Breiviks helter (They were Breivik's heroes), 26 July 2011, Dagbladet
    171. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.faz.net/artikel/C32742/der-attentaeter-im-internet-im-blinden-hass-gegen-hass-30473075.html |title=Der Attentäter im Internet. Im blinden Hass gegen Hass |first1=Sebastian |last1=Balzter |first2=Jasper |last2=von Altenbockum |newspaper=Frankfurter Allgemeine |date=26 July 2011 |language=german |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727181145/https://www.faz.net/artikel/C32742/der-attentaeter-im-internet-im-blinden-hass-gegen-hass-30473075.html |archivedate=27 July 2011 }}
    172. ^{{cite news|title=Norway Killer's Hatred of Women|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/07/24/norway-massacre-anders-breivik-s-deadly-attack-fueled-by-hatred-of-women.html|accessdate=29 July 2011|newspaper=TDB| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110729085424/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2011/07/24/norway-massacre-anders-breivik-s-deadly-attack-fueled-by-hatred-of-women.html| archivedate=29 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    173. ^{{cite news|title=Anders Breivik's chilling anti-feminism|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jul/27/breivik-anti-feminism|accessdate=29 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|location=London|date=27 July 2011}}
    174. ^{{cite news|title=Norwegian mass murderer Breivik comments on Croat-Serb relations in his manifesto |url=http://www.croatiantimes.com/news/General_News/2011-07-27/20837/Norwegian_mass_murderer_Breivik_comments_on_Croat-Serb_relations_in_his_manifesto |date=27 July 2011 |accessdate=27 July 2011 |work=Croatian Times |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005190214/http://www.croatiantimes.com/news/General_News/2011-07-27/20837/Norwegian_mass_murderer_Breivik_comments_on_Croat-Serb_relations_in_his_manifesto |archivedate=5 October 2011 }}
    175. ^1 {{Cite news | url = http://www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=230762 | title = Norway attack suspect had anti-Muslim, pro-Israel views | first = Ben | last = Hartman | newspaper=The Jerusalem Post | date=24 July 2011 | postscript =.}}
    176. ^1 {{cite news | date=22 July 2011 | accessdate=20 April 2013 | newspaper=The New York Times | url = https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/23/world/europe/23oslo.html | title = At Least 80 Are Dead in Norway Shooting | first1 = Elisa | last1 = Mala | first2 = J David | last2 = Goodman| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110724004316/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/23/world/europe/23oslo.html| archivedate=24 July 2011| deadurl= no}}
    177. ^{{cite news | first=Peter | last=Beaumont | authorlink = Peter Beaumont (journalist) | title=Anders Behring Breivik: profile of a mass murderer |work=The Guardian |location=UK | url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/23/anders-behring-breivik-norway-attacks | date=23 July 2011 | accessdate=25 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110724221409/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/23/anders-behring-breivik-norway-attacks| archivedate=24 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    178. ^{{Cite news | url = http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2011/07/25/ED111KENUV.DTL |title=Norwegian Crime and Punishment | first = Debra J | last = Saunders | newspaper=San Francisco Chronicle | date=26 July 2011 | quote= the anti-multiculturalism, anti-Muslim and anti-Marxist message of his 1,500-page manifesto | postscript =.}}
    179. ^{{cite news |title=Breivik's anti-Muslim crusade |url=http://nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Opinions/Editorials/27-Jul-2011/Breiviks-antiMuslim-crusade |date=27 July 2011 |accessdate=1 August 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110728225227/http://nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Opinions/Editorials/27-Jul-2011/Breiviks-antiMuslim-crusade |archivedate=28 July 2011 |deadurl=yes}}
    180. ^{{cite news|author= |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8657669/Norway-shootings-Anders-Behring-Breiviks-YouTube-video-posted-hours-before-killings.html |title=Video: Norway shootings: Anders Behring Breivik's YouTube video posted hours before killings |work=The Daily Telegraph |date=24 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |location=London| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110729004558/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8657669/Norway-shootings-Anders-Behring-Breiviks-YouTube-video-posted-hours-before-killings.html| archivedate=29 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    181. ^{{cite news |url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/praha-je-prilis-bezpecna-zbrane-tu-nesezenu-pise-v-manifestu-breivik-1ia-/zahranicni.aspx?c=A110724_111215_zahranicni_js |title=Praha je příliš bezpečná, zbraně tu neseženu, píše v manifestu Breivik |last=Šťastný |first=Jiří |date=24 July 2011 |work=Mladá fronta DNES|location=Czech Republic|language=Czech |accessdate=24 July 2011}}
    182. ^{{cite web|last=Ben |first=By |url=https://news.yahoo.com/norway-massacre-breivik-manifesto-attempts-woo-indias-hindu-185033601.html |title=Norway massacre: Breivik manifesto attempts to woo India's Hindu nationalists – Yahoo!!! News |publisher=Yahoo! News |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    183. ^Norway Gunman Anders Behring Breivik Released Manifesto on the Web – Video and 1,500 page document, The Last Refuge, 23 July 2011.
    184. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2011/jul/27/breivik-anti-feminism |title=Anders Breivik's chilling anti-feminism | Comment is free |work=The Guardian |date=27 July 2011|accessdate=16 August 2011 |location=London| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110728011222/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/jul/27/breivik-anti-feminism| archivedate=28 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    185. ^{{cite web|url=http://englishdefenceleague.org/official-statement-anders-brievik/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110731204051/http://englishdefenceleague.org/official-statement-anders-brievik/|dead-url=yes|archive-date=31 July 2011|author=BigJay|title=Official Statement – Anders Brievik|publisher=English Defence League}}
    186. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/world/2011/0726/1224301383796.html|author=Mark Hennessy|title=Claim gunman linked to UK group|work=The Irish Times|date=26 July 2011}}
    187. ^{{cite news|last=Hall|first=Richard|title=Outcry over role of English Defense League|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/outcry-over-role-of-english-defence-league-2319895.html|accessdate=25 July 2011|newspaper=Independent|date=25 July 2011|location=London}}
    188. ^{{cite news|last=Townsend|first=Mark|title=Norway attacks: Utøya gunman boasted of links to UK far right|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/23/norway-attacks-utoya-gunman|accessdate=25 July 2011|newspaper=The Guardian|date=23 July 2011|location=London| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110724171727/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/23/norway-attacks-utoya-gunman| archivedate=24 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    189. ^{{cite news|title=Terroristen ville bruke atomvåpen|url=http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/Terroristen-ville-bruke-atomvpen-2542322.html|language=Norwegian|trans-title=The terrorist would use nuclear weapons|date=23 July 2011|accessdate=25 July 2011}}
    190. ^{{cite news|title=Deadly, cruel lesson from Norway|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/deadly-cruel-lesson-from-norway/story-e6frg6z6-1226101590303|newspaper=The Australian|date=26 July 2011|accessdate=25 July 2011|first=Clive|last=Williams| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110725224530/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/features/deadly-cruel-lesson-from-norway/story-e6frg6z6-1226101590303| archivedate=25 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    191. ^{{cite news| url = https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/07/23/us-norway-killings-police-idUSTRE76M0SF20110723|title=Norway police say 84 killed in Utoeya shooting|date=23 July 2011|agency=Reuters |accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    192. ^{{cite news |title=Oslo Suspect Wrote of Fear of Islam and Plan for War |author1=Erlanger, Steven |author2=Scott Shane | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/25/world/europe/25oslo.html|newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 July 2011 |accessdate=24 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110918090846/http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/25/world/europe/25oslo.html| archivedate=18 September 2011| deadurl= no}}
    193. ^{{cite news |title= Anders Breivik is not Christian but anti-Islam |first= Andrew |last= Brown |url= https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/andrewbrown/2011/jul/24/norway-anders-behring-breivik-beliefs |newspaper=The Guardian |location= London |date=24 July 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2011 |quote= Norway mass murderer Anders Breivik's internet writings show him to be anti-Muslim and anti-Marxist, not a fundamentalist Christian.| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110726113836/http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/andrewbrown/2011/jul/24/norway-anders-behring-breivik-beliefs| archivedate=26 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    194. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.cesnur.org/2011/mi-oslo-en.html |title= The Identity Ideology of Anders Breivik. Not a Christian Fundamentalist |first= Massimo |last= Introvigne |authorlink= Massimo Introvigne |publisher=CESNUR |location= Turin |accessdate=25 July 2011 |quote= At first, the media called Anders Behring Breivik a Christian fundamentalist, some of them even a Roman Catholic. This shows the cavalier use of the word 'fundamentalist' prevailing today in several quarters. |date= July 2011}}
    195. ^{{cite web|title=Anders Breivik Manifesto: Shooter/Bomber Downplayed Religion, Secular Influence Key |url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/186020/20110725/anders-breivik-manifesto-shooter-bomber-downplayed-religion-secular-influence-key.htm |work=International Business Times |quote=Anders Behring Breivik placed himself potentially outside of religious Christianity in a 1,500-page manifesto he has reportedly admitted to writing. "A majority of so-called agnostics and atheists in Europe are cultural conservative Christians without even knowing it," he wrote. "If you have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God then you are a religious Christian. Myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God. We do however believe in Christianity as a cultural, social, identity and moral platform. This makes us Christian," he wrote. |date=26 July 2011 |accessdate=28 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412194315/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/186020/20110725/anders-breivik-manifesto-shooter-bomber-downplayed-religion-secular-influence-key.htm |archivedate=12 April 2012 }}
    196. ^{{cite web|first=Nicola|last=Menzie|title=Norway massacre suspect manifesto rejects personal relationship with Jesus|url=http://au.christiantoday.com/article/norway-massacre-suspect-manifesto-rejects-personal-relationship-with-jesus/11623.htm|publisher=Christianity Today|quote=He writes on page 1307 of his online manifesto: "If you have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God then you are a religious Christian. Myself and many more like me do not necessarily have a personal relationship with Jesus Christ and God.|date=26 July 2011|accessdate=28 July 2011}}
    197. ^Anders Breivik Manifesto: Shooter/Bomber Downplayed Religion, Secular Influence Key. (25 July 2011). International Business Times. Retrieved from {{cite web|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/186020/20110725/anders-breivik-manifesto-shooter-bomber-downplayed-religion-secular-influence-key.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=13 September 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120412194315/http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/186020/20110725/anders-breivik-manifesto-shooter-bomber-downplayed-religion-secular-influence-key.htm |archivedate=12 April 2012 }}. Retrieved 25 July 2011
    198. ^1 {{Cite news|title=Breivik mener Jesus er "patetisk" [Breivik thinks Jesus is "pathetic"]|url=http://www.dagen.no/Nyheter/hedning/Breivik-mener-Jesus-er-%C2%ABpatetisk%C2%BB-272638|work=Dagen|date=19 November 2015|language=Norwegian}}
    199. ^{{Cite news|title=Breivik: Jeg er ikke kristen [Breivik- I am not a Christian]|url=http://www.vl.no/nyhet/breivik-jeg-er-ikke-kristen-1.465538|work=Vårt Land|date=15 November 2015|language=Norwegian}}
    200. ^{{Cite news|url=http://expo.se/2014/breivik-vill-deportera-illojala-judar_6336.html|title=Breivik vill deportera "illojala judar" [Breivik wants to deport "disloyal Jews"]|work=Expo|date=10 January 2014|language=Swedish|author=Daniel Vergara }}
    201. ^{{cite news |title=Suspect in Norway attacks admits involvement, denies responsibility |author=Will Englund |author2= Michael Birnbaum |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/norway-attacks-police-say-suspect-used-car-bomb-two-guns-killing-at-least-92/2011/07/23/gIQAVYeOVI_story_2.html |newspaper=The Washington Post |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=24 July 2011}}
    202. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7723548 |title=32-åringen skal tilhøre høyreekstremt miljø – Norge | publisher=NRK | work=Nyheter | location =NO |date=27 January 2010 |accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    203. ^{{Cite journal | language = Norwegian | title = Som en liten gutt: Slik beskrives terrorsiktede Anders Behring Breivik (32) av bergensmann som traff ham | first = Ørjan | last = Torheim | url = http://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/--Som-en-liten-gutt-2542176.html | publisher=BT | postscript =.}}
    204. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/terrorsiktede-var-tidligere-medlem-av-fremskrittspartiet-3544743.html|title= Terrorsiktede var tidligere medlem av Fremskrittspartiet| last = Fondenes|first=Eivind|author2=Kathleen Buer|date=23 July 2011|publisher=TV 2 | newspaper=Nyhetene|language= Norwegian | accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    205. ^{{cite news|title=Atentante in Norvegia: Atacatorul il admira pe Vlad Tepes|url=http://www.ziare.com/international/atentat-norvegia/atentante-in-norvegia-atacatorul-il-admira-pe-vlad-tepes-1109742|date=24 July 2011|accessdate=1 August 2011|language=Romanian|trans-title=Attacks in Norway : The attacker admired Vlad Tepes}}
    206. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/07/23/internacional/1311378740.html | location = ES | title= El presunto autor, un noruego nacionalista vinculado a la extrema derecha| last= Poza| first= Pedro| date=23 July 2011|work=El Mundo|language=Spanish|accessdate=23 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110723232750/http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/2011/07/23/internacional/1311378740.html| archivedate=23 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    207. ^{{Cite journal | place = AU | title = Norway's new face of terror | first = Mary | last = Papadakis | date=24 July 2011 | url = http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/gunmans-background-puzzles-police/story-e6frf7jo-1226100487358 | publisher=Sunday Herald Sun | postscript =.}}
    208. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.hln.be/hln/nl/10756/Bloedbad-Oslo/article/detail/1296088/2011/07/23/Dader-bloedbad-bewondert-Geert-Wilders.dhtml|title= Dader bloedbad bewondert Geert Wilders|date=23 July 2011| publisher=HLN | location = BE | newspaper=News|language= Dutch| accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    209. ^{{Cite news |title= – Breivik krenker både meg og musikken |trans-title= – Breivik violates both me and the music |author= Kristensen, Eivind |url= http://www.fvn.no/lokalt/--Breivik-krenker-bade-meg-og-musikken-2213272.html |newspaper= Fædrelandsvennen |language= Norwegian |date= 19 April 2012 |accessdate= 26 April 2012}}
    210. ^{{cite news|title=Eyewitness to VG: (...) |url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080627 |newspaper=VG |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807120037/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080627 |archivedate=7 August 2011 }}
    211. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080633 |title=Politiet frykter gjerningsmann kan være på frifot |publisher=VG |location=NO |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=23 July 2011 |language=Norwegian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807205235/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080633 |archivedate=7 August 2011 }}
    212. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4181342.ece |title=Frykter at gjerningsmann kan være på frifot |publisher=Aftenposten |location=NO |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=23 July 2011 |language=Norwegian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111112094801/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4181342.ece |archivedate=12 November 2011 |df= }}
    213. ^{{Cite news|title= – Det var vanskelig å forstå at en mann kunne ha forvoldt så mye skade|url=http://www.tv2.no/a/3790775|publisher=TV 2|date=25 May 2012|language=Norwegian}}
    214. ^{{Cite news|title=Vitner beskrev flere terrorister etter at Breivik var pågrepet|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/Vitner-beskrev-flere-terrorister-etter-at-Breivik-var-pagrepet-6285330.html|work=Aftenposten|date=28 August 2011|language=Norwegian}}
    215. ^1 {{Cite news|title=Politiet: Det var bare én skytter|url=http://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/Politiet-Det-var-bare-n-skytter-2655587.html|work=Bergens Tidende|date=16 February 2012|language=Norwegian}}
    216. ^{{Cite news|title=Øyenvitne til VG: - Det første han gjorde var å skyte den søteste jenta han så|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/terrorangrepet-22-juli-ofrene/oeyenvitne-til-vg-det-foerste-han-gjorde-var-aa-skyte-den-soeteste-jenta-han-saa/a/10080627/|work=Verdens Gang|date=23 July 2011|language=Norwegian}}
    217. ^{{Cite news|title=- Overlevende så to skyttere|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/07/23/nyheter/terroraksjon/oslo/utoya/innenriks/17426104/|work=Dagbladet|date=23 July 2011|language=Norwegian}}
    218. ^{{Cite news|title=Utøya-vitner sier de så en annen gjerningsmann|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/09/02/nyheter/innenriks/terror/anders_behring_breivik/utoya/17942302/|work=Dagbladet|date=3 September 2011|language=Norwegian}}
    219. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7724994 |title=Synes ikke selv at han bør straffes |date=24 July 2011 |publisher=NRK |location=NO |language=Norwegian |accessdate=24 July 2011}}
    220. ^{{Cite news|title=Breivik til politiet på Utøya: - Vi er brødre|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/terrorangrepet-22-juli-anders-behring-breivik/breivik-til-politiet-paa-utoeya-vi-er-broedre/a/10090394/|work=Verdens Gang|date=7 September 2011|language=Norwegian}}
    221. ^Norwegian police arrest six in Oslo raids BreakingNews.ie, 24 July 2011.
    222. ^{{cite news|last=Grenberg|first=Karen J.|authorlink= Karen J. Greenberg |title=The Norway Attacks: Who is Abu Suleiman Al Nasser?|url=http://www.tnr.com/article/world/92532/what-ansar-al-jihad-al-alami|accessdate=24 July 2011|newspaper=The New Republic|date=22 July 2011}}
    223. ^{{cite news|last=Mala|first=Eliza| last2=Goodman| first2=J. David|title=At Least 80 Are Dead in Norway Shooting|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/23/world/europe/23oslo.html|accessdate=23 July 2011|newspaper=The New York Times|date=23 July 2011}}
    224. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.scotsman.com/world/Norway-terror-attacks-Claim-of.6806190.jp|publisher=Scotsman.com|title=Norway terror attacks: Claim of responsibility fuels suspicions co-ordinated attacks were the work of al-Qaeda|date=23 July 2011|author=Staff Reporters}}
    225. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080609 |title=Kongen om terrorangrepet: – Våre tanker går til ofrene |last=Murtnes |first=Sindre |date=23 July 2011 |publisher=Verdens Gang |language=Norwegian |accessdate=23 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110726065318/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080609 |archivedate=26 July 2011 }}
    226. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4180951.ece |title=- Vi er alle rystet av ondskapen |last=Gimse |first=Lars Martin |date=23 July 2011 |publisher=Aftenposten |language=Norwegian |accessdate=23 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722223544/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4180951.ece |archivedate=22 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
    227. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/blog/2011/jul/24/norway-attacks-live-updates?cat=world&type=article#block-21|title=Norway attacks: Sunday 24 July rolling coverage: 1.13 pm|work=The Guardian |location=UK |date=24 July 2011|accessdate=24 July 2011|quote=No one has said it better than the AUF girl who was interviewed by CNN: "If one man can show so much hate, think how much love we could show, standing together."|first1=David|last1=Batty|first2=Hannah|last2=Godfrey}}
    228. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/smk/Whats-new/Speeches-and-articles/statsministeren/statsminister_jens_stoltenberg/2011/address-by-prime-minister-in-oslo-cathed.html |title=Address by Prime Minister in Oslo Cathedral |publisher=Norwegian government |date=24 July 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2011 |quote=No one has said it better than the Labour Youth League girl who was interviewed by CNN: If one man can create that much hate, you can only imagine how much love we as a togetherness can create. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211093533/http://www.regjeringen.no/en/dep/smk/Whats-new/Speeches-and-articles/statsministeren/statsminister_jens_stoltenberg/2011/address-by-prime-minister-in-oslo-cathed.html |archivedate=11 February 2012 }}
    229. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.fvn.no/nyheter/innenriks/article885654.ece |title=- I dag er vi alle AUF-ere |last=Ervik |first=Marthe Rosenvinge |date=23 July 2011 |publisher=Fædrelandsvennen |language=Norwegian |accessdate=23 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928223618/http://www.fvn.no/nyheter/innenriks/article885654.ece |archivedate=28 September 2011 |df= }}
    230. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hoyre.no/www/aktuelt/nyheter_fra_hoyre/-+En+nasjonal+tragedie.d25-TwRrK1V.ips |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927134038/http://www.hoyre.no/www/aktuelt/nyheter_fra_hoyre/-+En+nasjonal+tragedie.d25-TwRrK1V.ips |dead-url=yes |archive-date=27 September 2011 |title=- En nasjonal tragedie |publisher=Conservative Party |language=Norwegian }}
    231. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.frp.no/-+En+nasjonal+tragedie.d25-TMdHK5n.ips |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110823200653/http://www.frp.no/-+En+nasjonal+tragedie.d25-TMdHK5n.ips |dead-url=yes |archive-date=23 August 2011 |title=- En nasjonal tragedie |publisher=Progress Party |language=Norwegian }}
    232. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.krf.no/ikbViewer/page/krf/artikkel?p_document_id=55408&hovedtema=&person=34798&hva= |title=En ufattelig nasjonal tragedie |publisher=Christian Democratic Party |language=Norwegian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929090002/http://www.krf.no/ikbViewer/page/krf/artikkel?p_document_id=55408&hovedtema=&person=34798&hva= |archivedate=29 September 2011 }}
    233. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.senterpartiet.no/meny-forside/ein-trist-dag-for-noreg-article71618-12919.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110806023231/http://www.senterpartiet.no/meny-forside/ein-trist-dag-for-noreg-article71618-12919.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 August 2011 |title=Ein trist dag for Noreg |publisher=Center Party |language=Norwegian }}
    234. ^{{cite web|url=http://sv.no/Siste-nytt/En-ufattelig-tragedie |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130915163726/http://sv.no/Siste-nytt/En-ufattelig-tragedie |dead-url=yes |archive-date=15 September 2013 |title=En ufattelig tragedie |publisher=Socialist Left Party |language=Norwegian |df= }}
    235. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.venstre.no/artikkel/36085/ |title=Våre tanker er hos ofrene og de pårørende |publisher=Liberal Party |language=Norwegian}}
    236. ^{{cite web |url=http://rødt.no/nyheter/2011/07/en-stor-tragedie-har-rammet-norge/ |title=En stor tragedie har rammet Norge |publisher=Red |language=Norwegian}}
    237. ^{{cite web|url=http://stortinget.no/no/Hva-skjer-pa-Stortinget/Nyhetsarkiv/Forsidenyheter/2010-2011/Minnemote-mandag-1-august-kl-12/|title=Minnesamling mandag 1. august kl. 12|publisher=Stortinget|date=26 July 2011|language=Norwegian|accessdate=1 August 2011}}
    238. ^{{cite web|url=http://stortinget.no/no/Hva-skjer-pa-Stortinget/Videoarkiv/Arkiv-TV-sendinger/|title=Video recording of the 1 August 2011 Storting session|publisher=Stortinget|date=1 August 2011|language=Norwegian|accessdate=1 August 2011}} (begins at 10:32, King's entrance at 19:14, first speech at 20:06)
    239. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7726484 |title=- Har ikke samvittighet til å presse AUF-ere til å stille opp |author=Sandvik, Siv |author2=Malm, Anders |language=Norwegian |publisher=NRK |date=25 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811083523/http://nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7726484 |archivedate=11 August 2011 }}
    240. ^{{cite news|url=http://nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7726484 |title=Partiene utsetter valgkampen til midten av august |last=Sandvik |first=Siv |author2=Anders Malm |date=25 July 2011 |publisher=NRK |language=Norwegian |accessdate=25 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811083523/http://nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7726484 |archivedate=11 August 2011 }}
    241. ^{{cite web|url=http://m.nrk.no/m/artikkel.jsp?art_id=17723020 |title=NrK: Tror Al-Qaida står bak |publisher=M.nrk.no |date=22 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121103054/http://m.nrk.no/m/artikkel.jsp?art_id=17723020 |archivedate=21 January 2012 }}
    242. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10088913 |title=Verdens Gang: Kadra: – Muslimer ble jaget nedover gatene |publisher=Vg.no |date=30 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807203929/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10088913 |archivedate=7 August 2011 }}
    243. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagsavisen.no/innenriks/article518621.ece |title=Dagsavisen: "Nå ligger dere jævla tynt an" |publisher=Dagsavisen.no |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110822232706/http://www.dagsavisen.no/innenriks/article518621.ece |archivedate=22 August 2011 }}
    244. ^{{cite web|author=Henrik Arneberg |url=http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article3204556.ece |title=Nettavisen: – Dra tilbake dit du kommer fra |publisher=Nettavisen.no |accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    245. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10088956 |title=Verdens Gang: Oppfordret hijabkledde jenter om å holde seg innendørs |publisher=Vg.no |date=31 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807211328/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10088956 |archivedate=7 August 2011 }}
    246. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7723535 |title=NrK Muslimer ble hetset etter terroren |publisher=Nrk.no |date=23 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    247. ^{{cite web|author=Henrik Arneberg |url=http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article3202049.ece |title=Nettavisen: -Innvandrere dratt ut av pub |publisher=Nettavisen.no |accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    248. ^Dagens Næringsliv, 23 July 2011, "Ulvespor" by Morten Møst, Christel Marie Stabæk, Line Tiller and Vegard Tenold Aase
    249. ^Dagens Næringsliv (30 July 2011) and Aftenposten (31 July 2011), Wasim Zahid: Et lettelsens sukk {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120330223508/http://blogg.aftenposten.no/zahid/2011/07/31/et-lettelsens-sukk-han-var-ikke-muslim/ |date=30 March 2012 }}
    250. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagsavisen.no/samfunn/-kom-dere-tilbake-dit-dere-kommer-fra-/ |author1=Espen Løkeland-Stai |author2=Sturla Smari Hanssen |title=Dagsavisen: "Kom dere tilbake dit dere kommer fra" |publisher=Dagsavisen.no |date=21 March 2012 |accessdate=21 March 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://archive.today/20120729114717/http://www.dagsavisen.no/samfunn/-kom-dere-tilbake-dit-dere-kommer-fra-/ |archivedate=29 July 2012 |df= }}
    251. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19290947 |title=Norway police chief quits over Breivik report |publisher=BBC News |date=16 August 2012 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    252. ^{{cite news|author=John Hooper |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/27/ex-berlusconi-minister-defends-breivik |title=Ex-Berlusconi minister defends Anders Behring Breivik |work=The Guardian |date=27 July 2011|accessdate=16 August 2011 |location=London}}
    253. ^{{cite news|title=Italy MEP backs ideas of Norway killer Breivik|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14315108|accessdate=29 July 2011|publisher=BBC|date=27 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110728172048/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14315108| archivedate=28 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    254. ^{{cite news|title=FPÖ kicks out MP for Norway killing theories |url=http://austrianindependent.com/news/Politics/2011-07-29/8578/FP%D6_kicks_out_MP_for_Norway_killing_theories |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120707121239/http://austrianindependent.com/news/Politics/2011-07-29/8578/FP%D6_kicks_out_MP_for_Norway_killing_theories |dead-url=yes |archive-date=7 July 2012 |accessdate=29 July 2011 |newspaper=Austrian Independent }}
    255. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/terrordadetinorge/article13373440.ab |title=Hela Norden hedrade offren med tyst minut |work=Aftonbladet |author1=Olof Svensson |author2=Josefin Karlsson |language=Swedish |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2011}}
    256. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080775 |title=More than 200,000 mourn in downtown Oslo |language=Norwegian |work=Verdens Gang |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110807211410/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/artikkel.php?artid=10080775 |archivedate=7 August 2011 }}
    257. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sydsvenskan.se/varlden/article1516927/Manifestation-mot-terror-i-Oslo.html |title=150 000 hedrade terrorns offer |language=Swedish |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110929161806/http://www.sydsvenskan.se/varlden/article1516927/Manifestation-mot-terror-i-Oslo.html |archivedate=29 September 2011 |df= }}
    258. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14285020|publisher=BBC |title=Mass rallies for Norway victims |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=25 July 2011| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20110725222217/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14285020| archivedate=25 July 2011 | deadurl= no}}
    259. ^Nordmenn provosert av Fox News' terrordekning, Aftenposten 26 July 2011 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110729220305/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4183971.ece |date=29 July 2011 }}
    260. ^[https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8660986/Norway-shooting-Glenn-Beck-compares-dead-teenagers-to-Hitler-youth.html Norway shooting: Glenn Beck compares dead teenagers to Hitler youth], The Telegraph, 25 July 2011
    261. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/programmer/radio/stjerneklart/1.6191946|title=Frank Aarebrot|last=Johansen|first=Per Kristian|date=25 August 2008|publisher=Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation|language=Norwegian|accessdate=25 January 2010}}
    262. ^Glenn Beck sammenligner AUF med Hitlerjugend, Bergens Tidende, 26 July 2011
    263. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/norway/8661473/Norway-shooting-July-25-as-it-happened.html | location=London | work=The Daily Telegraph | first=Mark | last=Townsend | title=Norway shootings: July 25 as it happened | date=25 July 2011}}
    264. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/kultur-og-underholdning/1.7752114 |title=Slik blir minneseremonien i dag - NRK Kultur og underholdning |publisher=Nrk.no |date= |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    265. ^VG – Rekordstor interesse for platen «Mitt Lille Land» {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111118180444/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10039908 |date=18 November 2011 }}
    266. ^{{cite web|author=Av Mette Eriksen |url=http://www.ringblad.no/nyheter/miljovern/e16/ma-sta-pa-en-soppeldynge-for-a-nyte-den-vakre-utsikten/s/5-45-210581 |title=Må stå på en søppeldynge for å nyte den vakre utsikten |publisher=Ringblad.no |date= |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    267. ^{{cite news|last1=Morén|first1=Anette|title=Snu nå, skrinlegg Sørbråten|publisher=Klassekampen|date=2 April 2016|page=37}}
    268. ^{{cite news|author1=Kjell-Erik Nordenson Kallset|title=Tar tilbake Utøya|publisher=Klassekampen|date=1 July 2016|page=2}}
    269. ^{{cite web|author=Publisert 1|url=https://www.nrk.no/buskerud/xl/50-turer-dagen-til-utoya-pa-det-meste-1.13044637 |title=50 turer dagen til Utøya på det meste |publisher=Nrk.no |date=19 July 2016 |access-date=24 July 2016}}
    270. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|author=Gabrielle Graatrud |url=http://www.dagbladet.no/kultur/etterlatte-frykter-at-22juli-minnestedet-blir-en-bauta-over-gjerningsmannen/60240778 |title=Etterlatte frykter at 22.juli-minnestedet blir en bauta over gjerningsmannen |publisher=Dagbladet.no |date=18 June 2016 |access-date=24 July 2016}}
    271. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2016/04/04/kultur/kronikk/meninger/debatt/sorbraten/43724033/ |title=No shame in turning around! |publisher=Dagbladet.no |date= |access-date=24 July 2016}}
    272. ^1 {{cite web|author=27. juni 2016 kl. 08:42 |url=http://www.nrk.no/buskerud/regjeringen-endrer-ikke-planer-for-22.-juli-minnesmerke-1.12952467 |title=Regjeringen endrer ikke planer for 22. juli-minnesmerke |publisher=Nrk.no |date=19 May 2016 |access-date=24 July 2016}}
    273. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/kultur/spoker-for-planlagt-minnesmerke-i-regjeringskvartalet-1.13141842|title=Spøker for planlagt minnesmerke i regjeringskvartalet|first=|last=NRK|publisher=|access-date=15 December 2016}}
    274. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/ostlandssendingen/rosemonument-pa-vent-1.13000556 |title=Rosemonument på vent |publisher=Nrk.no |date=17 June 2016 |access-date=24 July 2016}}
    275. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/norge/Hole-kommune-stopper-Statens-byggesoknad-609143b.html|title=Hole kommune stopper Statens byggesøknad|publisher=|accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    276. ^{{cite web| url= https://www.nrk.no/buskerud/lettet-over-at-byggesoknaden-er-stoppet-1.13230105 |title= Lettet over at byggesøknaden er stoppet| first= |last= NRK| publisher= |accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    277. ^{{cite web| url= http://www.dagbladet.no/kultur/rettssak-om-minnestedet-pa-sorbraten-til-varen/64707841 |title= Rettssak om minnestedet på Sørbråten til våren|date=9 November 2016| publisher= |accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    278. ^1 2 {{cite web| url= http://www.dagbladet.no/kultur/aufnbspnekter-oss-naboer-det-samme-de-onsker-for-seg-selv/63964890|title=AUF nekter oss naboer det samme de ønsker for seg selv|date=16 October 2016|publisher=|accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    279. ^1 {{cite web| url=https://www.nrk.no/kultur/kan-forkaste-omstridt-sorbraten-minnesmerke-1.13134836| title= Kan forkaste omstridt Sørbråten-minnesmerke |first= |last= NRK| publisher= |accessdate= 15 December 2016}}
    280. ^1 2 3 {{cite news| first= Karin| last= Moe| authorlink= Karin Moe |title=Minnesåret 22. Juli |publisher= Klassekampen |date = 31 March 2016|page=23}}
    281. ^{{cite web| url= http://22juli.info/Lists/Nyheter/ViewForm.aspx?ID=155 |title=15/9-14: Motstand i Hole kommunestyre mot det nasjonale minnestedet på Sørbråten sender saken tilbake til staten |website= 22juli.info |date= |accessdate=24 July 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20160917225531/http://22juli.info/Lists/Nyheter/ViewForm.aspx?ID=155 |archivedate=17 September 2016 |df= }}
    282. ^1 {{cite web|author=Anki Gerhardsen, teaterkritiker og journalist |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikk/Kronikk-Hvem-eier-22-juli--Anki-Gerhardsen-585502b.html |title=Kronikk: Hvem eier 22. juli? |publisher=Aftenposten.no |date= |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    283. ^{{cite news |last1= Meyer| first1= Alexander | title= Kintsugiteknikk på Sørbråten|publisher=Klassekampen|date=1 April 2016 |ref= Kintsugi| page=19}}
    284. ^{{cite web|author=av Lars Elton |url= http://www.dagsavisen.no/kultur/ut%C3%B8ya-minnesmerket-tiden-det-tar-tvilen-vi-har-1.706117 |title=The Utøya Memorial: The time it takes — the doubts we have |website= Dagsavisen.no |date= |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    285. ^{{cite web|first= Mari Sand |last= Malm |url= http://www.dagbladet.no/2016/04/14/kultur/sorbraten/22juli/minnesmerke/43868484/ |title= Mayor wanted to support the neighbors Utøya fight against the government. — I am disappointed |website=Dagbladet.no |date=14 April 2016 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    286. ^{{cite web| url= https://www.regjeringen.no/contentassets/c1942fe9a7c14931a1365aaf2633288b/minnesmerke_nkvts.pdf |title= Psykososiale konsekvenser av nasjonalt minnesmerke i Hole commune| language= Norwegian| trans-title= Psych. social consequences of a national monument in the municipality of Hole| website= regjeringen.no | date= | publisher= | first= |last= | access-date= }}
    287. ^{{cite news |first= Johannes Block |last= Hellum|title=Minnesmerket| publisher=Klassekampen|date=16 April 2016|page=56}}
    288. ^{{cite web |url= https://w2.brreg.no/enhet/sok/detalj.jsp?orgnr=916921101 |title=Nřkkelopplysninger fra Enhetsregisteret — Brřnnřysundregistrene |publisher=W2.brreg.no |date= |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    289. ^{{cite news|first= Jonas| last1= Brække|title=Tror seier er mulig| publisher=Klassekampen|date=16 April 2016|page=5}}
    290. ^{{cite web|author=kl.10:31 |url= http://www.dagbladet.no/2016/04/25/nyheter/politikk/politiske_partier/vold/auf/43993850/ |title=AUF om Frp-nei: — Uansvarlig, uprofesjonelt og uklokt — nyheter |website= Dagbladet.no |date=25 April 2016 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    291. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.nrk.no/buskerud/naboene-til-sorbraten-far-25.000-kroner-1.12917426 |title= Mayor: — It is a symbolic support |website=Nrk.no |date=25 April 2016 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    292. ^{{cite web|first= Stig|last= Andersen |url=http://www.aftenposten.no/meninger/kronikker/Utoya-minnesmerket-Memory-Wound-har-bare-n-losning-Det-ma-avblases--Stig-Andersen-8458252.html |title=Utøya-minnesmerket 'Memory Wound' har bare én løsning: Det må avblåses! |website=Aftenposten.no |date=31 January 2014 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    293. ^{{cite web|first= Gabrielle| last= Graatrud |url= http://www.dagbladet.no/2016/06/11/kultur/sorbraten/minnested/22_juli/minnesmerke/44471855/ |title=Flere protester mot 22. juli-minnested: — Stort nærmere kan man ikke komme et plagiat |website=Dagbladet.no |date= |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    294. ^{{cite web|first= Knut-Eirik |last= Lindblad |url= http://www.dagbladet.no/kultur/privatpersoner-over-hele-norge-har-sendt-pengegaver-til-soksmalet-mot-staten/60254541 |title=Privatpersoner over hele Norge har sendt pengegaver til søksmålet mot statent |website=Dagbladet.no |date=27 June 2016 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    295. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dagsavisen.no/innenriks/regjeringen-tilbyr-a-forkaste-22-juli-minnesmerke-1.778759|title=Regjeringen tilbyr å forkaste 22. juli-minnesmerke | website= dagsavisen.no|publisher=|accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    296. ^{{cite web| website= regjeringen.no | url= http://www.klassekampen.no/article/20160922/ARTICLE/160929989|title= Får kritikk fra forskerne |publisher=| accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    297. ^{{cite news|title=Ikke alltid det vi ser| website=Klassekampen|date=1 October 2016| first= Bodil |last=Cappelen| page=40|quote=Hundreårene går, hvorfor minnesmerket kom opp er glemt. ... Å ja, Her har de hogget løs en odde fra moderfjellet. Et landskap var ikke så mye verdt—den gang.}}
    298. ^1 2 3 {{cite web| url= https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/xl/sjokkert-over-likheten-1.13209478|title=Sjokkert over likheten|first=|last=|website= NRK.no|accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    299. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/trondelag/_-jeg-synes-det-virker-merkelig-at-to-personer-far-en-sa-lik-ide.-1.13227234|title=– Jeg synes det virker merkelig at to personer får en så lik idé.|first=|last=| website= NRK.no |publisher= |accessdate= 15 December 2016}}
    300. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/K0wb7/vgs-avismonter-flyttes-og-bevares|title=VGs avismonter flyttes og bevares|last=|first=|date=24 June 2013|work=Verdens Gang|access-date=2018-08-08|language=no}}
    301. ^http://22juli.info/default.aspx{{dead link|date=June 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
    302. ^{{cite news|location=NO |url=http://www.adressa.no/nyheter/innenriks/article1666194.ece|title=Vil ikke opplyse navnet til Breiviks forsvarer|date=23 July 2011|publisher=Adresseavisen/NTB|language= Norwegian|accessdate=23 July 2011}}
    303. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7753723 |title=Politiet ber om lukkede dører |publisher=nrk.no |accessdate=19 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111026203848/http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7753723 |archivedate=26 October 2011 }}
    304. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.domstol.no/upload/OBYR/Internett/Nyheter/Kjennelse%20-%20lukking%20av%20d%C3%B8rer.pdf |title=Kjennelse – Lukking av dører |publisher=domstolen.no |accessdate=19 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111117052555/http://www.domstol.no/upload/OBYR/Internett/Nyheter/Kjennelse%20-%20lukking%20av%20d%C3%B8rer.pdf |archivedate=17 November 2011 }}
    305. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.vgtv.no/#!id=42469 | title=Anders Behring Breivik varetektsfengsles i åtte uker | publisher=Vgtv.no | date=25 July 2011 | accessdate=25 January 2012}}
    306. ^{{cite web|url=https://icct.nl/publication/a-fair-and-public-trial-for-the-norwegian-terror-suspect/ |title=A Fair and Public Trial for the Norwegian Terror Suspect |publisher=The International Centre for Counter-Terrorism - The Hague (ICCT) |date= 28 July 2011 |accessdate=30 August 2016}}
    307. ^{{cite web|url=http://e24.no/lov-og-rett/breivik-risikerer-30-aars-fengsel/20082609 |title=Breivik risikerer 30 års fengsel – Lov og rett – E24 |publisher=E24.no |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    308. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080776 |title=Krevde politiet skulle hente uniformen før rettsmøtet – VG Nett om Terrorangrepet 22. juli |publisher=Vg.no |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123175331/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080776 |archivedate=23 November 2011 }}
    309. ^{{cite web|url=http://e24.no/lov-og-rett/terrorsiktet-fengslet-i-aatte-uker/20082580 |title=Terrorsiktet fengslet i åtte uker – Lov og rett – E24 |publisher=E24.no |date=25 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011}}
    310. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080853 |title=Her skal Breivik sitte i isolasjon – VG Nett om Terrorangrepet 22. juli |publisher=Vg.no |date=27 July 2011 |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111123175231/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10080853 |archivedate=23 November 2011 }}
    311. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10081251 |title=Massedrapsmannen tilbake på Utøya lørdag – VG Nett om Terrorangrepet 22. juli |publisher=Vg.no |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110901044411/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10081251 |archivedate=1 September 2011 }}
    312. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10081294 |title=Politiet om Breivik på Utøya: – Viste ikke uttrykk for anger – VG Nett om Terrorangrepet 22. juli |publisher=Vg.no |accessdate=16 August 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110909035339/http://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/oslobomben/artikkel.php?artid=10081294 |archivedate=9 September 2011 }}
    313. ^{{cite news|title=Terrorrettssaken starter 16. april |url=http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7875413 |newspaper=NRK |language=Norwegian |trans-title=The court trial begins 16 April |date=14 November 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120121095441/http://www.nrk.no/nyheter/norge/1.7875413 |archivedate=21 January 2012 }}
    314. ^{{Cite news |author1=Skogrand, Merete |author2=Steen, Thea |title= Kristopher Schau skal dekke Breivik-rettssaken |trans-title= Kristopher Schau skal to cover Breivik trial |url= http://www.dagbladet.no/2012/03/14/kultur/medier/morgenbladet/kristoffer_schau/breivik/20663696/ |newspaper= Dagbladet |language= Norwegian |date=14 March 2012 |accessdate=14 March 2012}}
    315. ^{{cite web|author=Lars Bevanger |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19365616 |title=Anders Behring Breivik: Norway court finds him sane |publisher=BBC News |date=24 August 2012 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    316. ^{{cite news|title=Norway Retail Giant Dropping Many Titles/Toys in Response to Oslo Attacks|url=http://www.planetxbox360.com/article_15754/Norway_Retail_Giant_Dropping_Many_TitlesToys_in_Response_to_Oslo_Attacks|accessdate=31 July 2011}}
    317. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4184188.ece |work=Aftenposten |title=Ungdomspartiene merker stor pågang etter tragedien |first1=Berit Strøyer |last1=Aalborg |first2=Kristin Jonassen |last2=Nordby |first3=Yasmin Sunde |last3=Hoel |language=Norwegian |date=26 July 2011 |accessdate=26 July 2011 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110727020422/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4184188.ece |archivedate=27 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |df= }}
    318. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.nettavisen.no/nyheter/article3204009.ece|work=Nettavisen|title=900 til Erna – 767 til Siv|first=Jørgen|last=Berge|date=9 August 2011|accessdate=19 August 2011|language=Norwegian}}
    319. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bt.no/nyheter/valg/6200-nye-i-Ap-etter-Utya-2566208.html|work=Bergens Tidende|title=6200 nye i Ap etter Utøya|first=Hanne|last=Heszlein-Lossius|date=31 August 2011|accessdate=1 September 2011|language=Norwegian}}
    320. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.tv2.no/nyheter/innenriks/medlemsboom-for-hoeyreekstreme-3562095.html|work=TV 2|title=Medlems-boom for høyreekstreme|date=18 August 2011|accessdate=19 August 2011|language=Norwegian}}
    321. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/08/25/nyheter/norwegian_defence_league/anders_behring_breivik/innenriks/terrorangrepet/17824844/|work=Dagbladet|title=- Blir årets hendelse|first1=Astrid|last1=Meland|first2=Line|last2=Brustad|date=25 August 2011|accessdate=3 September 2011|language=Norwegian|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111225065906/http://www.dagbladet.no/2011/08/25/nyheter/norwegian_defence_league/anders_behring_breivik/innenriks/terrorangrepet/17824844/|archivedate=25 December 2011}}
    322. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-14895052|publisher=BBC|title=Norway local elections: Breivik's old party suffers|date=13 September 2011|accessdate=13 September 2011}}
    323. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/report-blasts-police-response-to-norway-massacre/article4478381/ |work=The Globe and Mail |title=Report blasts police response to Norway massacre |date=13 August 2012 |accessdate=13 August 2012 |location=Toronto |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815224835/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/report-blasts-police-response-to-norway-massacre/article4478381/ |archivedate=15 August 2012 }}
    324. ^{{cite news|title=Norway police chief quits over Breivik report|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19290947|publisher=BBC News Europe|accessdate=25 August 2012|date=16 August 2012}}
    325. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24008612 | work=BBC News | title=Norway election: Terror survivors run for parliament | date=8 September 2013}}
    326. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dn.se/nyheter/varlden/utlandsk-press-om-fremskritts-partiet-breiviks-parti|title=Utländsk press om Fremskritts- partiet: Breiviks parti - DN.SE|date=11 September 2013|publisher=|accessdate=15 December 2016}}
    327. ^{{Cite news|last=Valestrand|first=Terje|title=Tidligere AUF-leder skriver bok om "terroristreiret" Utøya|url=http://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/Tidligere-AUF-leder-skriver-bok-om-terroristreiret-Utoya-2835876.html|work=Bergens Tidende|date=29 January 2013|language=Norwegian}}
    328. ^{{Cite news|authors=Kristina Furnesr, Nils-Ove Støbakk|title=- AUFs Palestina-aktivisme åpnet for terror på Utøya|url=http://www.dagen.no/Samfunn/-_AUFs_Palestina-aktivisme_%C3%A5pnet_for_terror_p%C3%A5_Ut%C3%B8ya-58639|work=Dagen|date=29 January 2013|language=Norwegian}}
    329. ^1 {{Cite journal|url=http://tn.nova.cz/zpravy/cernakronika/ostravak-chystal-teroristicky-utok-jeho-vzor-je-breivik.html|title=Ostravák chystal teroristický útok. Jeho vzorem je Breivik [Man from Ostrava was preparing terrorist attack. He was admirer of Breivik.]|publisher=nova.cz|date=18 August 2012|accessdate=10 August 2012| language=Czech}}
    330. ^1 {{Cite journal|url=http://ostrava.idnes.cz/policie-chtyila-ceskeho-breivika-d43-/ostrava-zpravy.aspx?c=A120818_102846_ostrava-zpravy_mad|title=Ostravská policie obvinila "českého Breivika". Chystal se odpálit bombu [The police has charged "Czech Breivik". He was preparing to set of a bomb.] |work=Mladá fronta DNES|date=18 August 2012|accessdate=18 August 2012| language=Czech}}
    331. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://karvinsky.denik.cz/z-regionu/pyrotechnici-v-ostrave-prohledavaji-byt-mozna-je-v-nem-bomba-20120810.html|title=Pyrotechnici v Ostravě při prohlídce bytu našli munici a zbraně [Bomb disposal experts found ammunition and guns while searching a flat in Ostrava.]|publisher=denik.cz|date=10 August 2012|accessdate=10 August 2012| language=Czech}}
    332. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://ostrava.idnes.cz/policie-chytila-ceskeho-breivika-vojtech-mlynek-fuf-/ostrava-zpravy.aspx?c=A120820_1818813_ostrava-zpravy_sot|title=Na výbušninách ujíždí, ale terorista není, míní známí "českého Breivika"|trans-title=He is crazy for explosives, but not an terrorist, the acquaintances of the "Czech Breivik" believe|work=Mladá fronta DNES|date=20 August 2012|accessdate=21 August 2012| language=Czech}}
    333. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://www.novinky.cz/krimi/276354-policie-dopadla-ceskeho-breivika-zajistila-funkcni-naloz-a-zbrane.html|title=Policie dopadla českého Breivika, zajistila funkční nálož a zbraně [Police caught Czech Breivik and seized functional bomb and firearms.]|publisher=denik.cz|date=10 August 2012|accessdate=10 August 2012| language=Czech}}
    334. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://tn.nova.cz/zpravy/cernakronika/ostravsky-breivik-muze-ohrozit-sve-okoli-bude-v-izolaci.html|title=Ostravský Breivik může ohrozit své okolí, bude v izolaci [Breivik from Ostrava poses danger, he will be held in isolation]|publisher=nova.cz|date=20 August 2012|accessdate=21 August 2012| language=Czech}}
    335. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://ostrava.idnes.cz/sympatizant-s-breivikem-ktery-shromazdoval-zbrane-byl-nepricetny-1du-/ostrava-zpravy.aspx?c=A130502_105443_ostrava-zpravy_jog|title=Breivikův sympatizant hromadil v bytě zbraně jako nepříčetný, léčí se|trans-title=Breivik's sympathizer was hoarding guns in a flat due to insanity, he is undergoing a treatment|work=Mladá fronta DNES|date=2 May 2013|accessdate=23 May 2013| language=Czech}}
    336. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/breivik-popelnil-bledy-ja-bede-lepszy-jak-abw-wpadla-na-trop-brunona-k,289850.html|title="Breivik popełnił błędy, ja będę lepszy". Jak ABW wpadła na trop Brunona K. [Breivik made mistakes, I will be better – How ABW caught Brunon K.]|publisher=tvn24.pl|date=20 November 2012|accessdate=24 November 2012| language=Czech}}
    337. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://www.stratfor.com/weekly/mimicking-breivik-poland|title=Mimicking Breivik in Poland |publisher=Stratfor|date=29 November 2012|accessdate=2 December 2012}}
    338. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/polsko-zmarilo-chystany-teroristicky-utok-na-predstavitele-zeme-1cz-/zahranicni.aspx?c=A121120_081639_zahranicni_js|title=Polsko zmařilo atentát na Sejm. Vědec chtěl odpálit 4 tuny výbušnin [Poland foiled an attack against the Sejm. A scientist wanted to detonate 4 tonnes of explosives]|work=Mladá fronta DNES|date=20 November 2012|accessdate=24 November 2012| language=Czech}}
    339. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/357276/Niedoszly-zamachowiec-wpadl-przez-Breivika/?pg=0|title=Niedoszły zamachowiec wpadł przez Breivika [Failed attacker was caught thanks to Breivik]|publisher=wprost.pl|date=20 November 2012|accessdate=24 November 2012| language=Polish}}
    340. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|url=http://www.rp.pl/artykul/10,953875-Chemik-zafascynowany-Breivikiem.html|title=Chemik zafascynowany Breivikiem [A chemist fascinated by Breivik]|work=Rzeczpospolita|date=21 November 2012|accessdate=24 November 2012| language=Polish}}
    341. ^{{Cite journal|url=http://wyborcza.pl/1,75248,12909621,Brunon_K__uczyl_sie_o_ladunkach__eksperymentowal_na.html|title=Brunon K. uczył się o ładunkach, eksperymentował na mostach [Brunon K. studied explosives, experimented on bridges]|work=Gazeta Wyborcza|date=20 November 2012|accessdate=23 November 2012| language=Polish}}
    342. ^1 {{Cite journal|url=http://wyborcza.pl/1,75478,12936571,Monika_Olejnik_i_Hanna_Gronkiewicz_Waltz_na_celowniku.html|title=Monika Olejnik i Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz na celowniku Brunona K. [Monika Olejnik and Hanna Gronkiewicz-Waltz also targeted by Brunon K.]|work=Gazeta Wyborcza|date=28 November 2012|accessdate=28 November 2012| language=Polish}}
    343. ^[https://www.politiforum.no/artikler/forbud-mot-40-halv-automatiske-vapen-vi-er-glade-for-forbudet/438262]
    344. ^{{cite news|url=https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/16/the-dark-web-enabled-the-christchurch-killer-extreme-right-terrorism-white-nationalism-anders-breivik/|title=The Dark Web Enabled the Christchurch Killer|last=Ravndal|first=Jacob Aasland|date=16 March 2019|work=Foreign Policy|accessdate=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190318195011/https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/03/16/the-dark-web-enabled-the-christchurch-killer-extreme-right-terrorism-white-nationalism-anders-breivik/|archive-date=18 March 2019|dead-url=no}}
    345. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/christchurch-suspect-claimed-brief-contact-with-norwegian-mass-murderer-20190316-p514pj.html|title=Christchurch suspect claimed 'brief contact' with Norwegian mass murderer|last=Taylor|first=Adam|date=16 March 2019|work=Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=19 March 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190315235915/https://www.smh.com.au/world/oceania/christchurch-suspect-claimed-brief-contact-with-norwegian-mass-murderer-20190316-p514pj.html|archive-date=15 March 2019|dead-url=no}}
    346. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/nationworld/ct-mosque-killer-white-supremacy-20190315-story.html|title=New Zealand mosque shooter is a white supremacist angry at immigrants, documents and video reveal|last=Gelineau|first=Kristen|last2=Gambrell|first2=Jon|date=15 March 2019|website=Chicago Tribune|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=17 March 2019}}
    347. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/entertainment-arts-45760816 |title=Utoya on screen: How two film directors tackled the same tragedy |work=BBC News |accessdate=12 October 2018}}
    348. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/feb/19/film-reenacting-norway-utoya-massacre-premieres-in-berlin|title=Utøya massacre re-enactment stuns Berlin audiences|first=Kate|last=Connolly|date=19 February 2018|work=the Guardian|accessdate=20 February 2018}}
    349. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thesun.co.uk/tvandshowbiz/7484835/anders-breivik-terror-viljar-hanssen-bullet-brain-22-july/ |title='I WON'T BE A VICTIM' Anders Breivik terror victim with ‘a bullet still lodged in his brain’ on new movie 22 July – and why he’ll keep fighting far-right extremism |first=Grant |last=Rollins |date=13 October 2018 |work=The Sun |accessdate=March 30, 2019}}
    350. ^[https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/u_july_22]
    351. ^[https://www.metacritic.com/movie/u-july-22]
    352. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/22_july |title= 22 July (2018)|work=Rotten Tomatoes|publisher=Fandango Media|accessdate=October 17, 2018}}
    353. ^{{cite web|url= https://www.metacritic.com/movie/22-july|title=22 July reviews|website=Metacritic|accessdate=October 17, 2018}}
    354. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2018/sep/22/paul-greengrass-22-july-anders-breivik-survivor-speaks-out |title=Utøya survivor: Anders Breivik massacre films 'don't tell full story' |first=Vanessa |last=Thorpe |date=22 September 2018 |work=The Guardian |accessdate=March 30, 2019}}
    355. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.bande-a-part.fr/cinema/critique/magazine-de-cinema-utoya-22-juillet-paul-greengrass-erik-poppe-netflix/ |title=Utoya, deux cinéastes et autant de visions |first=Greg |last=Lauert |date=January 3, 2019 |work=Bandea A Part |accessdate=March 30, 2019 |language=French}}
    356. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.20minutes.fr/arts-stars/cinema/2351559-20181010-22-juillet-utoya-22-juillet-comment-deux-films-racontent-attaque-terroriste|title=«Un 22 juillet», «Utoya, 22 juillet»: Comment deux films racontent la même attaque terroriste |first=Fabien |last=Randanne |date=October 10, 2018 |work=20 Minutes |accessdate=March 30, 2019 |language=French}}
    357. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/ytring/sangen-som-trostet-norge-1.13036996 |title=Sangen som trøstet Norge |website=Nrk.no |date=18 July 2016 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    358. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nrk.no/kultur/_-haper-ingen-fikk-odelagt-kvelden-1.8254910?tw_p=twt |title=– Håper ingen fikk ødelagt kvelden |website=Nrk.no |date=23 July 2012 |accessdate=24 July 2016}}
    359. ^{{cite news|url=http://natgeotv.com.au/tv/seconds-from-disaster/episodes.aspx?series=6 |work=Seconds From Disaster: Series 6 |title=Norway Massacre: I Was There|publisher=National Geographic Australia |date=July 22, 2012 |access-date=22 February 2018}}

    Further reading

    • Borchgrevink, Aage Storm, and Guy Puzey. A Norwegian Tragedy: Anders Behring Breivik and the Massacre on Utøya. 2013. {{ISBN|9780745672205}} (translated from the Norwegian)
    • Seierstad, Åsne, and Sarah Death. One of us: the story of Anders Breivik and the massacre in Norway. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 2015. {{ISBN|9780374277895}} (translated from the Norwegian)
    • Turrettini, Unni, and Kathleen M. Puckett. The Mystery of the Lone Wolf Killer: Anders Behring Breivik and the Threat of Terror in Plain Sight. New York: Pegasus Crime, 2015. {{ISBN|9781605989105}}

    External links

    {{commons category}}
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20110723001331/http://www.aftenposten.no/nyheter/iriks/article4180673.ece Stor eksplosjon i Oslo sentrum], Aftenposten, News report in Norwegian, with pictures.
    • Allvarligt bombattentat skakar Oslo, Sveriges Radio, News report in Swedish, with pictures.
    • {{Guardian topic}}
    • Norway – Breivik Attacks, July 2011 collected news and commentary at The New York Times
    • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120822100326/http://www.nrk.no/minnetavle/ Victims from the attacks in Oslo and at Utøya] (Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation)
    • Oslo Terrorist Attacks – Terrorism with a different face, in a different place
    • Rapport fra 22. juli-kommisjonen (Official report)

    Images

    • [https://www.npr.org/2011/07/23/138611031/photo-gallery-deadly-explosions-in-norway?ps=rs Deadly Attacks In Norway] – slideshow by NPR
    {{2011 Norway attacks}}{{Subject bar
    |portal1=Norway
    |portal2=Terrorism
    |portal3=Criminal justice
    |portal4=2010s
    |portal5=Fascism
    |commons=y
    |commons-search=Category:2011 Norway attacks
    |n=y
    |n-search=At least 85 dead in shooting at Norwegian youth camp
    |d=y
    |d-search=Q79967
    }}{{DEFAULTSORT:Norway attacks}}

    26 : 2011 Norway attacks|2011 crimes in Norway|2011 murders in Europe|2010s in Oslo|Attacks on government buildings and structures|Buskerud|Car and truck bombings|Deaths by firearm in Norway|Explosions in Norway|Far-right politics in Norway|Filmed improvised explosive device bombings|Filmed killings|July 2011 crimes|July 2011 events in Europe|Labour Party (Norway)|Mass murder in 2011|Mass shootings in Norway|Massacres in Norway|Murder in Norway|Nationalist terrorism in Europe|Neo-fascist terrorist incidents|Spree shootings in Europe|Terrorist incidents in Europe in 2011|Terrorist incidents in Norway|2010s mass shootings in Europe|2010s murders in Norway
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/11/12 19:06:53