| 词条 | 2012 Armenian parliamentary election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Armenian parliamentary election, 2012 | country = Armenia | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = Armenian parliamentary election, 2007 | previous_year = 2007 | election_date = {{Start date|2012|05|06}} | next_election = Armenian parliamentary election, 2017 | next_year = 2017 | seats_for_election= All 131 to the National Assembly | majority_seats = 66 | image1 = | leader1 = Serzh Sargsyan | party1 = Republican Party of Armenia | last_election1 = 64 seats, 48.8% | seats_before1 = | seats1 = 69 seats | seats_after1 = | seat_change1 = +5 | popular_vote1 = | percentage1 = 52.7% | swing1 ={{increase}} 3.9% | map_image = 2012 armenia parliamentary election results.png | map_size = 450px | map_caption = | title = Prime Minister | before_election = Tigran Sargsyan | before_party = Republican Party of Armenia | posttitle = Elected Prime Minister | after_election = Tigran Sargsyan | after_party = Republican Party of Armenia | image2 = | leader2 = Gagik Tsarukyan | party2 = Prosperous Armenia | last_election2 = 25 seats, 19.1% | seats_before2 = | seats2 = 37 seats | seats_after2 = | seat_change2 = +12 | popular_vote2 = | percentage2 = 28.2% | swing2 ={{increase}} 9.1% | image3 = | leader3 = Levon Ter-Petrosyan | party3 = Armenian National Congress | last_election3 = New party | seats_before3 = | seats3 = 7 seats | seats_after3 = | seat_change3 = +7 | popular_vote3 = | percentage3 = 5.3% | swing3 = {{increase}} 5.3% | image4 = | leader4 = Artur Baghdasaryan | party4 = Rule of Law (Armenia) | last_election4 = 9 seats, 7.1% | seats_before4 = | seats4 = 6 seats | seats_after4 = | seat_change4 = -3 | popular_vote4 = | percentage4 = 4.6% | swing4 = {{decrease}} 2.5% | image5 = | leader5 = Vahan Hovhannisyan | party5 = Armenian Revolutionary Federation | last_election5 = 16 seats, 12.2% | seats_before5 = | seats5 = 5 seats | seats_after5 = | seat_change5 = -11 | popular_vote5 = | percentage5 = 3.8% | swing5 = {{decrease}} 8.4% | image6 = | leader6 = Raffi Hovannisian | party6 = Heritage (Armenia) | last_election6 = 7 seats, 6% | seats_before6 = | seats6 = 5 seats | seats_after6 = | seat_change6 = -2 | popular_vote6 = | percentage6 = 3.8% | swing6 ={{decrease}} 2.2% }}{{Politics of Armenia}} A parliamentary election was held on May 6, 2012 in Armenia. President Serzh Sargsyan's ruling Republican Party gained more majority of the parliament seats. Armenia's wealthiest man Gagik Tsarukyan's Prosperous Armenia came second with about one fourth of the seats, while ANC, ARF, Rule of Law and Heritage won less than 10 percent each. BackgroundIn 2011, Armenia faced unprecedented opposition protests over the disputed 2008 presidential election, amongst other issues. Since then changes welcomed by the EU have been made, who stated that "the next parliamentary and presidential elections will be an important benchmark in Armenia reform's path."[1] Electoral system and controversy over itOut of a total of 131 seats in the National Assembly, 90 are distributed between parties using a proportional system, while the other 41 are elected from constituencies by a majoritarian voting system. The election threshold is 5% for parties and 7% for alliances, in this case the only alliance was the Armenian National Congress. Months before the election, there was a movement for the elimination of constituency seats and going to a full party-list proportional system. Most parties, including 3 of 5 parliamentary parties (ARF, PAP and Heritage), supported this initiative bringing up the issue of "district authorities" which were traditionally backed up by the Republican Party.[2] The opposition bloc Armenian National Congress also supported it. On February 28, Heritage and ANC joined the ARF protests in front of the National Assembly building,[3] but on February 28, the National Assembly voted 30-54 against the proposal.[4] PartiesA total of 9 parties have been registered to participate in the election:[5]
Constituency candidatesThere a total of 41 electoral districts in Armenia, 13 in capital Yerevan and 28 in provinces each varying around 50,000 voters. 139 candidates have been registered in 41 districts to run for constituency seats. 54 were non-partisans candidates[6] and the opposition bloc Armenian National Congress has the most 38 candidates.[7] Biggest interest was given to the 7th district which includes Malatia-Sebastia district of Yerevan, where the opposition alliance Armenian National Congress candidate Nikol Pashinyan is going to challenge RPA-backed oligarch Samvel Aleksanyan.[8] Other notable candidates are Ruben Hayrapetyan, the president of the Football Federation of Armenia in 1st district of Avan and one the wealthiest Armenian businessman Gagik Tsarukyan (PAP leader) in 28th district which includes Abovyan city and surrounding villages. The full list of constituency candidates in Armenian is available here. Edmon Marukyan was the only non-partisan candidate who was elected to the National Assembly. In 2015 he created Bright Armenia party. CampaignOn March 19, the Heritage party introduced its proportional list, which also included some members of the Free Democrats party as of their agreement to participate together in this election.[9][10] The official election campaign began on April 8, but the first campaigns were on April 10, because of Easter.[11] None of the participating parties held campaign rallies on April 24, the Armenian Genocide Remembrance Day.[12] ARF, ANC Heritage, Republican Party, Prosperous Armenia and the Communist Party attended a memorial at Tsitsernakaberd.[13][14] May 5, the day before the election is "Day of Silence", when most kinds of campaigning are prohibited by law.[15][16] Balloon explosion incidentOn May 4, the last official day of the campaign, during the Republican Party concert and rally in Republic Square of Yerevan, dozens of balloons filled with hydrogen exploded, resulting in the injury of at least 144 people according to the Ministry of Emergency Situations.[17] A few hours later it was reported that out of total 154 people hospitalized, 98 were still in hospitals and 28 were in intensive-care units.[18] OversightJoint headquarters of PAP, ANC and ARFOn April 6, four parties (Prosperous Armenia, Heritage, ARF and ANC) created joint headquarters with a view to holding free and fair elections.[19] Although, Prosperous Armenia is in a coalition with RPA and RoL, they also agreed to join the opposition manifest. On April 19, Heritage withdrew from this agreement announcing that it was not formed to control the election, but rather as a pre-election campaign headquarters for the ex-president Robert Kocharyan's comeback into Armenia's political life and probable participation in the 2013 presidential election.[20] On April 28, the Armenian Revolutionary Federation (9 MPs) and Prosperous Armenia (21 MPs) appealed to the Constitutional Court to rule unconstitutional articles that prohibits the publication of the lists of voters that actually took part in the election.[21][22][23][24] Although, Heritage deputies didn't sign the appeal, party leader Raffi Hovhannisyan said that they also support that initiative.[25] Vahe Grigoryan, the lawyer that represents the appeal, said that the Constitutional Court is "going to make a choice between rationality and dictation [from the authorities]".[26] Levon Zurabyan, the ANC speaker, said that each party will have up to 5-6 representatives at each polling station. Also, the parties have agreed to create joint 'mobile' groups that will respond to all reports about election fraud by traveling to the given precinct to study and eliminate the vote rigging.[27] The Constitutional Court heard the case on May 5, the day before the election and refused the appeal.[28][29] Local31,451 observers from local non-government organizations were registered to oversight the election.[30] Largest ones are the "Panarmenian Youth Association" (Համահայկական երիտասարդական ասոցիացիա) with 5,555 observers, "The Choice is Yours" (Ընտրությունը քոնն է) with 4,000 observers, "Free Society Institute" (Ազատ հասարակության ինստիտուտ) with 2,512 observers and "Fist" (Բռունցք) with 2,136 observers. Other organizations have less than 2,000 observers. International647 international observers were registered by the Central Electoral Commission.[31] Largest missions were:
Opinion polls
Exit pollThe Gallup International Association held an exit poll among 22,410 people in 131 polling stations. 46.35% refused to answer, while 56.65% answered as follows: 43.3% Republican Party of Armenia, 29.3% Prosperous Armenia, 6.4% Armenian National Congress, 6.5% Heritage, 6.2% Rule of Law, 5.2% Armenian Revolutionary Federation, 2.2% Armenian Communist Party, 0.6% Democratic Party of Armenia, 0.4% Unified Armenians Party.[47][48][49] Results{{Armenian parliamentary election, 2012}}ReactionsParties
International
Claims of electoral irregularitiesThe joint headquarters of ANC, PAP and ARF reported about the oxidation of the ink stamped in passports of voted citizens, which were done to avoid multiple voting by same citizens.[63] ANC, ARF and Heritage criticized the authorities for abusing the administrative resource in favor of the ruling party. Both said the elections were marred by widespread vote buying schemes and other violations that influenced the outcome of the vote.[64] On May 11, the joint headquarters of ANC, ARF and Prosperous Armenia stated that the election "doesn't reflect the real image of the popular support of political forces".[65] Aftermath and protestsOn an interview on May 6, the election day, Levon Ter-Petrosyan, answering to a question about probable post-election protests, said that they will appeal every electoral violation "in all legal means".[66] Then he continued, that he's not sure how successful it would be, but, in former cases the opposition forces have been working separate and that this time the forces are tripled in the joint headquarters of the ANC, PAP and ARF. On May 7, the Armenian National Congress announced that they will hold a demonstration in Freedom Square on May 8. During the last demonstration of ANC, Levon Zurabyan, the ANC speaker, said that they will meet again on May 8 and summarize the election and together with the protesters will discuss their future moves.[67] Two days after the 2012 parliamentary election, about 5,000 supporters of ANC marched in the streets of Yerevan denouncing "fraud" and calling for the election results to be thrown out. Levon Ter-Petrosyan and other ANC leaders said President Serzh Sargsyan had rigged the election and demanded new polls. International monitors said the election was peaceful, but criticised "interference" by the ruling party, which it said violated election law in the run-up to the vote.[68] The ANC leaders addressing thousands on Freedom Square, claimed that the vote giving the ruling RPA a majority in National Assembly does not reflect the real lineup of political forces in the country. Armenian Times editor Nikol Pashinyan stressed that the opposition bloc will not give up the seven mandates and will enter parliament and continue its daily fight to change the political situation.[69] Although, Levon Ter-Petrosyan said that who would not pick his mandate, because it's not appropriate for a former president become a MP. Later he said that bribery, repeated ballot, voter list fraud and other violations were widespread during the election. Another ANC leading member, Aram Manukyan said have evidence of violations committed by the authorities, especially of inflating voter lists, tampering with stamps and ink, pressure on voters and candidates’ proxies and others. He then added that they will appeal the outcome of the elections at the Constitutional Court.[70] On May 18, the Armenian National Congress applied to the Constitutional Court demanding the cancellation of proportional-system election results.[71][72][73] On May 31, the Constitutional Court rejected the appeal.[74] On June 26 second demonstration of the Armenian National Congress after the 6 May election took place at Freedom Square of Yerevan. Levon Ter-Petrosyan stated that if Prosperous Armenia wants to become a serious political force, they should not support President Sargsyan in upcoming presidential election.[75] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=SPEECH/12/159&format=PDF&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en |title=Statement by President Barroso following his meeting with Mr Serzh Sargsyan, President of Armenia |publisher=European Commission |date=2012-03-06 |accessdate=2012-05-02}} {{Armenian elections}}2. ^{{hy icon}} Մեծամասնական-համամասնական վեճը {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120614180507/http://report.am/news/politics/ntrutyunneri-patmutyunic3-tatul-hakobyan.html |date=June 14, 2012 }} 3. ^{{hy icon}} ՀՅԴ, ՀԱԿ, «Ժառանգությունը» միացան 4. ^{{hy icon}} Հարյուր տոկոսանոց համամասնական ընտրակարգի առաջարկը մերժվեց 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.elections.am/kus2012/ |script-title=hy:Հայաստանի Հանրապետության կենտրոնական ընտրական հանձնաժողով |language=Armenian|publisher=Elections.am |date= |accessdate=2012-05-01}} 6. ^{{hy icon}} 41 մեծամասնական մանդատի համար կպայքարեն 139 թեկնածուներ 7. ^{{hy icon}} Պատրաստ էին միայն 38-ը. ՀԱԿ-ը ներկայացրել է մեծամասնականով թեկնածուների ցուցակները 8. ^Aleksanyan - $9.9 Million in Cash; Pashinyan - $49.75 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://times.am/?l=en&p=5863 |title="Heritage" and "Free democrats" presented a joint list |publisher=Times.am |date= |accessdate=2012-05-01}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianow.com/vote_2012/parties_candidates/36534/heritage_free_democrats_partylist |title=Party List: Heritage and Free Democrats - Parties & Candidates |publisher=ArmeniaNow.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-01}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianow.com/vote_2012/37186/armenia_may_elections_campaign_programs_opposition_demand |title=Vote 2012: Election campaign kicks off in Armenia - Vote 2012 |publisher=ArmeniaNow.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-01}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.armtown.com/news/am/prm/20120425/195304/ |script-title=hy:Լուրեր Հայաստանից - Հայոց Ցեղասպանությունն Ու Նախընտրական Ծրագրերը |publisher=Armtown.com |language=Armenian |date=2012-04-23 |accessdate=2012-05-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502071808/http://www.armtown.com/news/am/prm/20120425/195304/ |archivedate=2012-05-02 }} 13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tert.am/en/news/2012/04/24/president-visit-tsitsernakaberd/ |title=Armenia’s President visits Tsitsernakaberd memorial - Armenian News |publisher=Tert.am|date= |accessdate=2012-05-01}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.panorama.am/en/society/2012/04/24/parties/ |title=Prosperous Armenia, HAK to move to Tsitsernakaberd midday - Society - Panorama | Armenian news |publisher=Panorama.am |date=2012-04-24 |accessdate=2012-05-01}} 15. ^Vote 2012: Campaign closes, “Day of Silence”, judgment day Sunday 16. ^Day of Silence in Armenia before parliament elections 17. ^Scores Injured As Balloon Blasts Spark Chaos At Armenian Election Rally 18. ^{{hy icon}} Հոսպիտալացված 154 քաղաքացիներից 98-ը դեռևս հիվանդանոցներում են, որոնցից 28-ը՝ վերակենդանացման բաժանմունքներում. ԱԻՆ (տեսանյութ) 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.armenianow.com/vote_2012/37131/may_elections_oppositional_parliamentary_electoral_headquarters |title=Vote 2012: Opposition, government create dual – and dueling – monitoring staffs - Vote 2012 |publisher=ArmeniaNow.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-01}} 20. ^{{cite web|author=Նաիրա Բուլղադարյան |url=http://www.azatutyun.am/content/article/24553511.html |script-title=hy:"Ժառանգությունը" միասնական շտաբի հետեւում Քոչարյանին է տեսնում |publisher=Azatutyun.am |language=Armenian |date=2012-04-19 |accessdate=2012-05-01}} 21. ^{{hy icon}} ԱԺ նախագահը ՍԴ կուղարկի ՀՅԴ-ի, ՀԱԿ-ի եւ ԲՀԿ-ի հայցադիմումը 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lragir.am/armsrc/country64052.html |script-title=hy:ԱԺ ԲՀԿ եւ ՀՅԴ խմբակցությունների 28 պատգամավոր ստորագրել է Սահմանադրական դատարան դիմելու նախաձեռնության տակ | Ներքին կյանք |language=Armenian |publisher=Lragir.am |date=2012-04-28 |accessdate=2012-05-02}} 23. ^Armenia’s Constitutional Court to consider parties’ claim day before elections 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.armtown.com/news/am/azg/20120428/2012042804/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120724034522/http://www.armtown.com/news/am/azg/20120428/2012042804/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2012-07-24 |title=Լուրեր Հայաստանից - Միասնական Շտաբը Դիմում Է Սահմանադրական Դատարան |publisher=Armtown.com |date= |accessdate=2012-05-02 }} 25. ^{{hy icon}} Հովհաննիսյանը հուսով է, որ ՍԴ-ն «ճշգրիտ որոշում կկայացնի» 26. ^{{hy icon}} Միասնական շտաբի անդամ ուժերի ներկայացուցիչները ուշի ուշով կհետեւեն ընտրությունների ընթացքին 27. ^Public oversight headquarters to count voters 28. ^Armenian Constitutional court refuses appeal of 28 MPs 29. ^{{hy icon}} Սահմանադրական դատարանը մերժեց ԲՀԿ-ի եւ ՀՅԴ-ի պատգամավորների հայցադիմումը 30. ^{{hy icon}} The List of Local Organizations Observing the Parliamentary Elections on May 6, 2012 31. ^{{hy icon}} The List of International Organizations Observing the Parliamentary Elections on May 6, 2012 32. ^International election observers in Armenia to hold press conference on Monday {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514220729/http://www.osce.org/odihr/90265 |date=May 14, 2012 }} 33. ^{{ru icon}} Штаб Миссии наблюдателей от СНГ на выборах депутатов Национального Собрания Республики Армения 34. ^Hetq Online 35. ^Saved screenshot of the poll at hetq.am as 05/05/2012 36. ^Poll: Last Assessment of Pre-Electoral Armenia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120704001426/http://www.eufoa.org/uploads/Poll_28.04.2012_EN.pdf |date=2012-07-04 }} 37. ^{{hy icon}} «Gallap international association»-ը հրապարակեց 17.04-23.04 ժամանակահատվածում անցկացված սոցիոլոգիական հարցումների արդյունքները {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430080004/http://news.armeniatv.com/post/id/88977/ |date=April 30, 2012 }} 38. ^Russian experts on Armenian voters’ preferences 39. ^34% of Armenia’s citizens ready to vote for ruling party - Gallup Organization 40. ^RPA and “Prosperous Armenia” lead, Gallup poll says 41. ^{{hy icon}} Հերթական հարցման արդյունքներով (“Իմ կարծիքը”) ԲՀԿ-ն ունի 39 տոկոս, իսկ ՀՀԿ-ն` 8 տոկոս վարկանիշ{{dead link|date=July 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 42. ^{{hy icon}} Ահարոն Ադիբեկյանը չի հավատում «Հայաստանի եվրոպացի բարեկամներ»–ի սոցհարցմանը 43. ^Poll: A Snapshot of Pre-Electoral Armenia {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130821205154/http://www.eufoa.org/uploads/OpinionPoll_EN.pdf |date=2013-08-21 }} 44. ^{{hy icon}} «500 Ձայն»–ի նոր ուսումնասիրությունները 45. ^{{hy icon}} [https://archive.is/20120719075955/http://www.aravot.am/2012/02/14/38148/ Հերթական ուսումնասիրությունը] 46. ^{{hy icon}} «Հայոց աշխարհ». ՀՀԿ-ն առաջատարն է ըստ հարցումների 47. ^{{hy icon}} ՀՀԿ՝ 43.3%, ԲՀԿ՝ 29,3%, Ժառանգություն՝ 6,5%. «Էքզիթ փոլլ» 48. ^{{hy icon}} ՀՀԿ՝ 43.3%, ԲՀԿ՝ 29,3%, Ժառանգություն՝ 6,5%. «Էքզիթ փոլի» վերջնական արդյունքները 49. ^{{hy icon}} Exit poll` վերջնական արդյունքներ. ՀՀԿ 43,3%, ԲՀԿ 29,3% (ՏԵՍԱՆՅՈՒԹ) 50. ^{{hy icon}} Շարմազանով. «Հայաստանի 21-րդ դարի պատմության ընթացքում այս ընտրությունները լավագույնն են» 51. ^Sarkisian’s Party Hails ‘Unprecedented’ Vote 52. ^{{hy icon}} Ծառուկյանը «աննախադեպ մեծ» է համարում ԲՀԿ-ին ձայն տվողների թիվը 53. ^{{hy icon}} Ինձ համար չկա ավելի թանկ բան, քան ժողովրդի վստահությունը. Գագիկ Ծառուկյանը վերահաստատում է իր ուղերձները 54. ^{{hy icon}} Լեւոն Տեր-Պետրոսյանը հրաժարվում է իր պատգամավորական մանդատից 55. ^{{hy icon}} ՀՅԴ-ն դժգոհ է ընտրությունների արդյունքներից 56. ^{{hy icon}} Ընտրությունները չարձանագրեցին ժողովրդի կամքը և քաղաքական ուժերի իրական հարաբերակցությունը. ՀՅԴ 57. ^{{hy icon}} «Ժառանգություն»-ը գոհ չէ ընտրությունների արդյունքներից 58. ^{{hy icon}} [https://news.am/arm/news/104731.html Արթուր Բաղդասարյանի հետընտրական հայտարարությունը. ՕԵԿ-ում խստացնելու են անդամագրման կարգը] 59. ^Statement by High Representative Catherine Ashton and Commissioner Štefan Füle on the Parliamentary elections in Armenia on 6 May 2012 60. ^Armenian elections competitive and largely peaceful, but shortcomings undermined confidence in the process, observers say 61. ^Hillary Clinton: Ball is still in Turkey's court 62. ^Clinton Praises Armenia For Election Conduct, Turkey Policy 63. ^{{hy icon}} Տեղի է ունենում նախօրոք լավ կազմակերպված լայնածավալ մեքենայություն. Միասնական շտաբ 64. ^Armenian opposition bloc decries election fraud, says will pick parliament mandates 65. ^{{hy icon}} Խորհրդարանը «չի արտացոլում ժողովրդի կողմից քաղաքական ուժերի աջակցության իրական պատկերը» 66. ^{{hy icon}} Գուցե մենք անելու ենք այն, ինչպես արվել է բոլոր ընտրություններից հետո. Լևոն Տեր-Պետրոսյան 67. ^{{hy icon}} ՀԱԿ–ը Ազատության հրապարակում հանրահավաք կանցկացնի 68. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/05/08/armenia-election-protest-idUSL5E8G8H3P20120508|agency=Reuters|title=Armenian opposition says election marred by fraud|first=Hasmik|last=Mkrtchyan|date=8 May 2012|accessdate=9 May 2012}} 69. ^Armenian Opposition Set to Challenge Election Results 70. ^Armenian opposition bloc decries election fraud, says will pick parliament mandates 71. ^Armenian National Congress appeals to Constitutional Court 72. ^Armenian National Congress appeals to Constitutional Court over election results 73. ^Armenian National Congress applied to the Constitutional Court 74. ^{{hy icon}} Սահմանադրական դատարանը մերժեց ՀԱԿ-ի դիմումը 75. ^{{hy icon}} Տեր-Պետրոսյան․ ԲՀԿ-ն պետք է կարողանա դիմանալ ճնշումներին 3 : 2012 elections in Europe|2012 in Armenia|Parliamentary elections in Armenia |
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