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词条 2012 Luzon southwest monsoon floods
释义

  1. {{anchor|Background}}Typhoon Gener

     {{anchor|Aftermath of the Typhoon Gener}}Aftermath 

  2. {{anchor|August 3 and 4, 2012}}August 3–4

  3. {{anchor|Impact on August 6, 2012}}August 6

     Typhoon Haikui  {{anchor|Marikina River and Tullahan River}}Marikina and Tullahan Rivers  {{anchor|The Landslide in Barangay Commonwealth}}Landslide in Barangay Commonwealth 

  4. {{anchor|Impact on August 7, 2012}}August 7

     Munoz, Balintawak and Baesa  Roxas District, Tatalon and Damayan Lagi  Manggahan Floodway and Laguna De Bay  {{anchor|Floodings in the City of Manila}}City of Manila  {{anchor|Response of the Government}}Government response  San Juan and Santa Mesa 

  5. {{anchor|Impact on August 8, 2012}}August 8

  6. Aftermath

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

The 2012 Luzon southwest monsoon floods (informally known in Tagalog as Hagupít ng Habagat, "wrath of the monsoon" and Bagsík ng Habagat, "fierceness of the monsoon", from habagat, the Filipino term for the southwest monsoon), was an eight-day period of torrential rain and thunderstorms in the Philippines from August 1 to August 8, 2012. Its effects centered on Metro Manila, the surrounding provinces of the Calabarzon Region (Quezon, Cavite, Laguna and Rizal) and the provinces of Region 3 (Bulacan, Pampanga and Bataan). Not a typhoon in its own right, the storm was a strong movement of the southwest monsoon ({{lang-tl|Habagat}}) caused by the pull of Typhoon Saola (Gener) from August 1–3, strengthened by Typhoon Haikui. It caused typhoon-like damage: the most damage caused by rain since September 2009, when Typhoon Ketsana (Ondoy) struck Metro Manila. The heavy rain caused the Marikina River to overflow, destroying areas also affected by Ketsana, triggering a landslide in the Commonwealth area and collapsing the northbound Marcos Highway.

Its damage was nearly as severe as Ketsana's, although the storm did not reach typhoon intensity when the rain reached its peak on August 7. The floods and rain left 95 people dead, 8,428 homes destroyed and 6,706 damaged. Nationwide losses totaled at least ₱604.63 million (US$14.31 million).[1][1]

{{anchor|Background}}Typhoon Gener

{{main article|Typhoon Saola (2012)}}{{storm path|Saola 2012 track.png}}

On July 26, the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reported that a tropical depression had developed within an area of strong vertical wind shear in the monsoon trough about {{convert|1000|km|mi|round=5}} southeast of Manila.[2][3] Although the shear temporarily relaxed, it increased the following day and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert for the system.[4]

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) upgraded the system to a tropical depression (naming it "Gener");[5] the JTWC upgraded "Saola" to a tropical storm,[6] and early on July 29 the JMA upgraded it to a severe tropical storm.[7] On July 30 the JTWC upgraded Gener to a Category 1 typhoon (since it began developing an eye-like feature), but downgraded it to a tropical storm later that day.[8][9]

The following day, the JTWC again upgraded Saola to a Category 1 typhoon.[10] Later that day the JMA upgraded Saola to a typhoon, and the JTWC upgraded it to a category 2 typhoon early on August 1.

Typhoon Gener did not make landfall in the Philippines, and occupied a small portion of the northern Philippine Area of Responsibility (PAR). It pulled southwest-monsoon winds from the South China Sea and damaged the City of Manila, causing a storm surge and striking the fish ports of Navotas City and Malabon City. It broke a large part of the sea wall on Roxas Boulevard, and caused tons of refuse be washed onto the Baywalk. Portions of Metro Manila damaged by Typhoon Pedring in 2011 were under repair when the storm hit.

{{anchor|Aftermath of the Typhoon Gener}}Aftermath

Shortly after the typhoon, clean up of the Manila Bay Coast was ordered by the Department of Public Works and Highways DPWH and the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority MMDA. Initial reports indicated about a dozen confirmed casualties, but early on August 3 Philippine authorities revised the death toll to 37 with at least 519,000 people affected. More than 17,500 were in evacuation centers.[11] As of August 6, 51 fatalities were confirmed in the Philippines with six reported missing. Damage from the storm amounted to about ₱404 million (US$9.6 million), half of which was agricultural losses.[12] When Gener left the PAR, its wind would be triggered by Typhoon Haikui to cause heavy rainfall on August 6.

{{anchor|August 3 and 4, 2012}}August 3–4

With strong winds, the La Mesa Dam in Novaliches was near overflowing.

{{anchor|Impact on August 6, 2012}}August 6

Typhoon Haikui

{{main article|Typhoon Haikui}}{{storm path|Haikui 2012 track.png}}

Hundreds of kilometers from the Philippines, the southerly flow from Typhoon Haikui enhanced the southwest monsoon across much of Luzon.[14] As a result, widespread heavy rains impacted regions recovering from deadly floods triggered by Typhoon Saola less than a week earlier. During a 72-hour period (August 6–8), {{convert|1007|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain fell in parts of Metro Manila (leading local media to compare the event to Typhoon Ketsana in 2009, which killed 464 people in the city).[13]

{{anchor|Marikina River and Tullahan River}}Marikina and Tullahan Rivers

The Marikina River, which overflowed during Typhoon Ondoy, again reached the deadly 19-meter level by 7:00 pm. Because of the rain, two of the La Mesa Dam's gates to the Tullahan River were opened; the water flowed to Barangay Greater Lagro, flooding Lagro High School and the Regalado Highway (nearly {{convert|4|m}}). After the gates were opened, the Tullahan flooded North and West Fairview and the Santa Lucia District. It submerged the Atherton Bridge in Fairview, and many houses along the banks were swept away. A number of schools in Metro Manila, Central Luzon and Calabarzon suspended classes,[16] and as a precautionary measure officials cut power to some areas of National Capital Region (NCR).[17] At least 250,000 people left their homes when flooding covered more than a third of the city. The head of the National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council (NDRRMC) compared the deluge to the Kevin Costner film Waterworld.[14]

{{anchor|The Landslide in Barangay Commonwealth}}Landslide in Barangay Commonwealth

At 8:00 am, in the hills of the Commonwealth District in Quezon City, a rare landslide occurred which buried two houses (owned by the Baylon and Castulo families, and housing 12 people). The inhabitants were rushed to East Avenue Medical Center. Nine were dead on arrival: Jayson Baylon (age 16), Jayvee Baylon (20), Jissele Baylon (7), Cecilia Baylon (50), Jonathan Castulo (3), Junica Castulo (three weeks), Jessica and Jethro Baylon, and Joshua Castulo.[15]

{{anchor|Impact on August 7, 2012}}August 7

The least flooding occurred on August 7 along the Marikina River, which swelled to near-record levels. During the afternoon the river reached a height of {{convert|20.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}, well beyond the flood level of {{convert|16|m|ft|abbr=on}} and about {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}} above its banks but below the record level set during Typhoon Ketsana. It again flooded Provident Village, among the villages most damaged by Ketsana. Flooding also occurred on Espana Boulevard and at the University of Santo Tomas, which lie along the river.

Munoz, Balintawak and Baesa

The northern district of Quezon City was heavily flooded by the Tullahan River. Most of the water flowed along the Quirino Highway to the North Luzon Expressway and A. Bonifacio Street, and the Freeway was closed to traffic that afternoon. Flooding also occurred, from a creek in Munoz, causing flooding on the EDSA and Roosevelt Avenue.

Roxas District, Tatalon and Damayan Lagi

These districts, along Gregorio Araneta Avenue, had been damaged by Typhoon Ketsana. The creek under the median rose, and by noon flooding nearly reached two-storey buildings and businesses along the Avenue and the nearby roads (particularly Gumamela Street and Eulogio Rodriguez Sr. Boulevard).

Manggahan Floodway and Laguna De Bay

The overflow from the Marikina River swelled the Manggahan Floodway, flooding Pasig and Taguig Cities and overflowing Laguna de Bay. The swelling of the bay flooded the cities of San Pedro and Calamba in Laguna; both were declared in a state of emergency the following day.

{{anchor|Floodings in the City of Manila}}City of Manila

The rain triggered several monsoon surges, which again flooded Roxas Boulevard and submerged the Quezon Boulevard Claro M. Recto Underpass in Quiapo and the Lagusnilad-Taft Avenue Underpass on Padre Burgos Street. Waist-high water flooded Manila City Hall, destroying files and documents.[16]

{{anchor|Response of the Government}}Government response

In response to the flooding, the NDRRMC allocated about ₱13 million (US$311,000) in relief funds and deployed 202 people to assist in search-and-rescue operations;[17] however, the operations were hampered by strong currents in flooded streets.[17] Philippine President Benigno Aquino ordered officials to maximize efforts to rescue and aid affected residents.[23]

San Juan and Santa Mesa

The San Juan River flooded Santa Mesa and San Juan, including the UERM Hospital; several floors were submerged, and staff and patients experienced shortages of food and medicine. Patients were moved to the upper floors for their safety.

{{anchor|Impact on August 8, 2012}}August 8

On August 8, more than a million families were affected. The NCR and nine nearby provinces were under a state of calamity, with some areas flooded up to the second storey; seventy to ninety percent of Metro Manila was affected by flooding.[24] Communications were heavily affected; distress calls and text messages from thousands of Metro Manila residents and their families flooded television and radio stations, since most power and water were interrupted. Although a red warning was downgraded to yellow during the morning, it was upgraded to red until midnight August 9 that afternoon after another round of heavy rain; some schools extended their suspension of classes. Airports also had severe flooding, cancelling flights or diverting them to Clark International in Pampanga and other airports.[18][19][20][21]

Some areas of Metro Manila were submerged up to {{convert|3|m|ft|abbr=on}};[22] city officials evacuated over 23,000 residents from flood-prone areas, moving them to shelters.[23] According to a British Broadcasting Corporation correspondent, many residents were reluctant to leave their belongings behind and some returned through floodwaters to retrieve their possessions. Officials feared that flooding could worsen as the La Mesa Dam continued to overflow.[24][25]

Aftermath

Throughout the Philippines a total of 89 people were confirmed dead, with seven listed as missing. A total of 8,428 homes were destroyed, and another 6,706 damaged. Losses throughout the country totaled at least ₱604.63 million (US$14.31 million).[26][27]

{{clear}}

See also

  • Typhoon Ketsana
  • Typhoon Haikui
  • Typhoon Saola
  • Hurricane Sandy
  • 2012 Pacific typhoon season
  • 2016 Philippine southwest monsoon floods

References

1. ^{{cite news|title=UPDATE: Patay sa hagupit ng Habagat 95 na|url=http://www.remate.ph/2012/08/update-patay-sa-hagupit-ng-habagat-95-na/|accessdate=August 17, 2012|newspaper=Remate|date=August 9, 2012}}
2. ^{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |accessdate=August 4, 2012 |title=JMA WWJP25 Warning and Summary July 26, 2012 18z |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/ww/wwjp25.rjtd..txt |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69SqB21sA?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WWJP25-RJTD_201207261800.htm |archivedate=July 27, 2012 |deadurl=no |df= }}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Significant Tropical Weather Outlook for the Western and South Pacific Ocean July 26, 2012 01z |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |archivedate=July 26, 2012 |accessdate=August 4, 2012 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Airforce |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69RJEzU0x?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/ABPW10-PGTW_201207260130.htm |deadurl=yes |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert July 27, 2012 14z |url=http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/ab/abpwweb.txt |archivedate=July 28, 2012 |date=July 27, 2012 |accessdate=August 4, 2012 |publisher=United States Navy, United States Airforce |author=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UP3jArt?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN21-PGTW_201207271400.htm |deadurl=yes |df= }}
5. ^{{cite web|publisher=Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration |date=July 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Severe Weather Bulletin Number ONE |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201207280300.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UPnTCNH?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/TCUPDATE_201207280300.htm |archivedate=July 28, 2012 |df= }}
6. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 28, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Tropical Storm 10W (Saola) Advisory 2 |url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69UPY1D51?url=http://weather.noaa.gov/pub/data/raw/wt/wtpn31.pgtw..txt |archivedate=July 28, 2012 |df= }}
7. ^{{cite web|publisher=Japan Meteorological Agency |date=July 29, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Severe Tropical Storm Saola Tropical Cyclone Advisory 290000 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ21-RJTD_201207290000.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69VtRdsUd?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPQ21-RJTD_201207290000.htm |archivedate=July 29, 2012 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 30, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Typhoon 10W (Saola) Advisory 10 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207300900.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69YvvlvyR?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207300900.htm |archivedate=July 31, 2012 |df= }}
9. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 30, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Tropical Storm 10W (Saola) Advisory 12 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207302100.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69YvvdS1D?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207302100.htm |archivedate=July 31, 2012 |df= }}
10. ^{{cite web|publisher=Joint Typhoon Warning Center |date=July 31, 2012 |accessdate=August 1, 2012 |title=Typhoon 10W (Saola) Advisory 14 |url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207310900.htm |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/69aRrYIZE?url=http://gwydir.demon.co.uk/advisories/WTPN31-PGTW_201207310900.htm |archivedate=August 1, 2012 |df= }}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/268108/news/nation/ndrrmc-gener-death-toll-rises-to-37|title=NDRRMC: 'Gener' death toll rises to 37 |publisher=GMA News |date=2012-08-02 |accessdate=2012-08-02}}
12. ^{{cite web|publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |date=August 6, 2012 |accessdate=August 6, 2012 |title=SitRep No.21 re Effects of Typhoon "Gener" (Saola) Enhanced by Southwest Monsoon |url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/630/NDRRMC%20Update%20Sit%20Rep%2021%20Effects%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Gener%20,%206%20AUGUST%202012.pdf |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6J5bimC1i?url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/630/NDRRMC%20Update%20Sit%20Rep%2021%20Effects%20of%20Tropical%20Storm%20Gener%20%2C%206%20AUGUST%202012.pdf |archivedate=August 23, 2013 |df= }}
13. ^{{cite web|publisher=GMA News|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|title=Southwest monsoon brings more rains than Ondoy|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/268713/news/nation/southwest-monsoon-brings-more-rains-than-ondoy}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/08/world/asia/flooding-in-philippines-grows-worse-as-thousands-flee-manila-and-desperate-residents-are-trapped-on-roofs.html |title=Rains Flood Manila Area, Sending Thousands Fleeing |author=Floyd Whaley |date=August 7, 2012 |work=The New York Times |accessdate=August 8, 2012}}
15. ^{{cite news|last=Diario Remate|title=Death Tolls of the Habagat|url=http://www.remate.ph/2012/08/11-na-patay-sa-hagupit-ng-habagat/|accessdate=August 17, 2012|newspaper=Remate|date=August 6, 2012}}
16. ^{{cite news|last=anonymous|title=Mabigat na bagahe ni habagat|language=Tagalog|url=http://nestor092890.blogspot.com/2012/08/ang-mabigat-na-bagahe-ni-habagat-noong.html|accessdate=August 18, 2012|date=August 10, 2012}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
17. ^{{cite web|publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 7, 2012 |title=SitRep No.1 re Effects of Southwest Monsoon Enhanced by TS "Haikui" |url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/638/NDRRMC%20Update%20Sit%20Rep%20%20Effects%20of%20Southwest%20monsoon,%207%20AUGUST%202012.pdf |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816070602/http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/638/NDRRMC%20Update%20Sit%20Rep%20%20Effects%20of%20Southwest%20monsoon%2C%207%20AUGUST%202012.pdf |archivedate=August 16, 2012 |df= }}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-08-08/more-than-1-million-battle-philippine-floods/4186366?section=world |title=More than 1 million battle Philippine flood |publisher=ABC News (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) |date=August 8, 2012 |accessdate=August 8, 2012}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.iol.co.za/dailynews/news/heavy-rains-submerge-manila-1.1358459 |title=Heavy rains submerge Manila |work=Daily News |date=August 8, 2012 |agency=South African Press Association and Associated Press |accessdate=August 8, 2012}}
20. ^{{cite web|author=Chuck Smith |url=http://ph.omg.yahoo.com/news/stars-tweet-for-prayers--help-as-heavy-rains-continue.html |title=Stars tweet for prayers, help as heavy rains continue |publisher=Yahoo! OMG! Philippines |date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 8, 2012}}
21. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.bworldonline.com/content.php?section=Nation&title=Airlines-waive-rebooking-penalties-for-passengers&id=56425 |title=Airlines waive re-booking penalties for passengers |author=Cliff Harvey C. Venzon |date=August 7, 2012 |work=Business World Online |accessdate=August 8, 2012}}
22. ^{{cite web|work=Reuters |publisher=Financial Times |date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 7, 2012 |title=Manila floods force 270,000 to flee |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/737fd172-e06e-11e1-9335-00144feab49a%2CAuthorised%3Dfalse.html?_i_location%3Dhttp://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/737fd172-e06e-11e1-9335-00144feab49a.html%26_i_referer%3D |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/69k7cifh9?url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/737fd172-e06e-11e1-9335-00144feab49a%2CAuthorised%3Dfalse.html?_i_location=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F737fd172-e06e-11e1-9335-00144feab49a.html&_i_referer= |dead-url=yes |archive-date=August 7, 2012 |df= }}
23. ^{{cite web|publisher=GMA News|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|title=PAGASA: 23,000 residents evacuated as Marikina River continues to swell|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/story/268665/news/metromanila/23-000-residents-evacuated-as-marikina-river-continues-to-swell}}
24. ^{{cite web|publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council |date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 7, 2012 |title=SitRep No.2 re Effects of Southwest Monsoon Enhanced by TS "Haikui" |url=http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/638/SitRep%202%20re%20Effects%20of%20Southwest%20Monsoon%20Enhanced%20by%20TS%20Haikui,%20as%20of%2007AUG12.pdf |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120816070629/http://www.ndrrmc.gov.ph/attachments/article/638/SitRep%202%20re%20Effects%20of%20Southwest%20Monsoon%20Enhanced%20by%20TS%20Haikui%2C%20as%20of%2007AUG12.pdf |archivedate=August 16, 2012 |df= }}
25. ^{{cite web|author=Kate McGeown|publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|title=Floods paralyze Philippine capital Manila|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-19159509}}
26. ^{{cite web|publisher=National Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council|date=August 16, 2012|accessdate=August 16, 2012|title=SitRep No.11 re Disease alert on as flood deaths hit 89 by TS "Haikui"|url=http://ph.news.yahoo.com/disease-alert-flood-deaths-hit-89-163420371.html;_ylt=AkPTJR7zZ5iZTFXt0qLUF6Qb.dh_;_ylu=X3oDMTNyZTJra3FmBG1pdANUb3BTdG9yeSBMb2NhbFNTRgRwa2cDNGU4YjlhNDMtMGRkZi0zMjU4LWEzODItZmZjNTEzNjkzMjdiBHBvcwM3BHNlYwN0b3Bfc3RvcnkEdmVyAzkxMGEyMzExLWU0OWItMTFlMS04ZGRkLWUxZTBiYmU2ZGQ2Mg--;_ylg=X3oDMTF2cWtvNzI4BGludGwDcGgEbGFuZwNlbi1waARwc3RhaWQDBHBzdGNhdANwaGlsaXBwaW5lc3xsb2NhbARwdANzZWN0aW9ucw--;_ylv=3}}
27. ^{{cite news|last=GMA News TV|title=Awards for the Heroes during the Habagat Season will be given by PNP|url=http://www.gmanetwork.com/news/video/129777/balitanghali/ilang-magigiting-na-pulis-noong-hagupit-ng-habagat-gagawaran-ng-medalya-ng-pnp|accessdate=August 17, 2012|date=August 9, 2012}}

External links

  • GMA news coverage of typhoon
  • ABS CBN storm coverage, with casualty list

4 : 2012 Pacific typhoon season|2012 floods|History of Metro Manila|Floods in the Philippines

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