| 词条 | 2012 United States presidential election in Michigan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = 2012 United States presidential election in Michigan | country = Michigan | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = 2008 United States presidential election in Michigan | previous_year = 2008 | next_election = 2016 United States presidential election in Michigan | next_year = 2016 | turnout = 63% {{decrease}} [1] | election_date = November 6, 2012 | image1 = | nominee1 = Barack Obama | party1= Democratic Party (United States) | home_state1= Illinois | running_mate1 = Joe Biden | electoral_vote1 = 16 | popular_vote1 = 2,564,569 | percentage1 = 54.21% | image2 = | nominee2 = Mitt Romney | party2 = Republican Party (United States) | home_state2 = Massachusetts | running_mate2 = Paul Ryan | electoral_vote2 = 0 | popular_vote2 = 2,115,256 | percentage2 = 44.71% | map_image = Michigan presidential election results 2012.svg | map_size = 375px | map_caption = County Results{{col-start}}{{col-2}}Obama{{legend|#b9d7ff|40-50%}}{{legend|#86b6f2|50-60%}}{{legend|#4389e3|60-70%}}{{legend|#1666cb|70-80%}}{{col-2}}Romney{{legend|#f2b3be|40-50%}}{{legend|#e27f90|50-60%}}{{legend|#cc2f4a|60-70%}}{{col-end}} | title = President | before_election = Barack Obama | before_party = Democratic Party (United States) | after_election = Barack Obama | after_party = Democratic Party (United States) }}{{ElectionsMI}}{{US 2012 elections series}} The 2012 United States presidential election in Michigan took place on November 6, 2012, as part of the 2012 General Election in which all 50 states plus The District of Columbia participated. Michigan voters chose 16 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting incumbent Democratic President Barack Obama and his running mate, Vice President Joe Biden, against Republican challenger and former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney and his running mate, Congressman Paul Ryan. Michigan was won by Democratic incumbent Barack Obama by a 9.5% margin of victory.[2] Obama received 54.21% of the vote to Romney's 44.71%. It was the sixth presidential election in a row where Michigan voted in favor of the Democratic candidate, with Republicans last carrying the state in 1988, when George H.W. Bush won in Michigan; however, Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump did end up winning the state in 2016. General electionCandidate Ballot Access:
Write-In Candidate Access:
AnalysisAll of the local polling firms had predicted a close election here, some even giving an advantage to Michigander Romney over Obama; however, statistician Nate Silver pointed out several problems with the local pollsters' methodology and sampling errors, instead giving more credence to the national pollsters who posited a clear victory for Obama (by a mean of 7.3 points and a median of 7.0 over Romney).[3] In the end, Silver and the National pollsters were correct: Obama defeated Romney by over 9 points in the November 2012 election. Obama dominated heavily populated areas that tend to trend very Democratic, while Romney did better in more rural areas. Results
Results breakdownBy county
By congressional districtObama won 5 of 14 congressional districts.[4]
Electors{{Main|List of 2012 United States presidential electors}}Technically the voters of Michigan cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. Michigan is allocated 16 electors because it has 14 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 16 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the plurality of votes in the state is awarded all 16 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector. The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 17, 2012, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols. The following were the members of the Electoral College from the state.
Democratic primaryThe Democratic Party used a caucus system to determine the proportion of delegates awarded to Democratic candidates. The caucuses took place May 5; as the only Democratic candidate, President Obama won all 183 pledged delegates in the caucus. They, along with the other 20 unpledged delegates, voted for Obama at the 2012 Democratic National Convention in Charlotte, North Carolina. Republican primary{{Infobox election| election_name = 2012 Michigan Republican primary | country = Michigan | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = 2008 Michigan Republican primary | previous_year = 2008 | election_date = {{Start date|2012|2|28}} | next_election = 2016 Michigan Republican primary | next_year = 2016 | image1 = | candidate1 = Mitt Romney | home_state1 = Massachusetts | delegate_count1 = 16 | popular_vote1 = 409,522 | percentage1 = 41.10% | map_image = Michigan Republican Presidential Primary Election Results by County, 2012.svg | map_size = 250px | map_caption = Michigan results by county{{legend|#ff6600|Mitt Romney}}{{legend|#008000|Rick Santorum}} | image2 = | candidate2 = Rick Santorum | home_state2 = Pennsylvania | delegate_count2 = 14 | popular_vote2 = 377,372 | percentage2 = 37.87% | image4 = | candidate4 = Ron Paul | home_state4 = Texas | delegate_count4 = 0 | popular_vote4 = 115,911 | percentage4 = 11.63% | image5 = | candidate5 = Newt Gingrich | home_state5 = Georgia | delegate_count5 = 0 | popular_vote5 = 65,027 | percentage5 = 6.53% | color1 = ff6600 | color2 = 008000 | color4 = ffcc00 | color5 = 800080 }}{{ElectionsMI}}{{US 2012 elections series}} The Republican primary took place on February 28, 2012,[6] the same day as the Arizona Republican primary. Former Massachusetts Governor Mitt Romney won both of these elections. This Michigan election used a semi-open primary system (which the state referred to as "closed") in which each voter made a public declaration at their election site and received the ballot for the appropriate party, rather than the fully open system used in the past.[7] The state had 7,286,556 registered voters as of February 15, and delegates were awarded proportionately.[8] Michigan was given 59 delegates to the Republican (GOP) national convention, but that number was reduced to 30 as a penalty for bringing the election date forward before March 6 as the GOP rules set.[6] The candidate with the greatest number of votes in each of the 14 congressional districts will receive that district's two delegates. Two additional delegates for Michigan were announced by the media to be given proportionally before the election[6] but after the election the Michigan GOP announced there had been an error in the memo published and that the two delegates will be given to the winner, which sparked accusations of Mitt Romney rigging the results from Rick Santorum's team.[9] Polling{{Main|Statewide opinion polling for the 2012 Republican Party presidential primaries#Michigan (February 28)}}CampaignWhile Romney has close ties to Michigan, where he was born and grew up and his father was the Governor, Santorum, who once trailed Romney badly in the state, had a clear lead over him in mid February after Santorum won Colorado, Minnesota, and Missouri caucuses and primary on February 7. And the competition became a statistical tie between these two candidates before the primary.[10] Since Michigan allows primary voters to declare their affiliation at the time they vote, Santorum campaign paid for robo-calls inviting Democrats to cross over and vote for him.[11] Romney called this tactic "outrageous" and "disgusting" but Santorum defended himself as not doing anything wrong but getting people to vote in an open primary.[12] Some Democrats also urged their supporters to vote for Santorum in the Republican primary, in hopes of forcing the Republican candidates to use more resources and help make it easier for Barack Obama to win the general election.[13] This is similar to Rush Limbaugh's "Operation Chaos", where Limbaugh urged voters in the 2008 Democratic Presidential primaries to vote for Hillary Clinton, whom he saw as being a weaker candidate than Obama.[14] Michigan has a long history of such crossover voting; in 2000, strong Democratic crossover votes helped Senator John McCain win the Michigan Republican primary.[15] In 1972, Republican crossover votes propelled Governor George Wallace to victory in the Democratic primary.[16][17] ResultsPolls closed at 8 PM local time on election day.[18] While most of the state is in the Eastern time zone (UTC -5), four counties in the Upper Peninsula are on Central time (UTC -6), so the final closures came at 9 PM Eastern time. As of 2/28, results showed Romney winning 7 congressional districts and Santorum winning 7.
At the Republican state convention in May, it was reported that of the 30 voting delegates for the national convention in Tampa, 6 were Paul supporters, and 24 were Romney supporters.[23][24][25][26] Paul organizers disputed these numbers, stating that they had actually taken 8 (instead of 6) of the voting delegates, plus several non-voting slots.[27] Delegate allocation controversyA controversy arose over the delegate allocation in Michigan, where 28 congressional district delegates and two at-large delegates were awarded. The Republican Party of Michigan rules stated that the two at-large delegates would be awarded proportionally, meaning that Santorum and Romney would get one delegate each for a 15-15 tie. But the following day the party's credentials committee allocated both at-large delegates to Romney, saying it had changed the rules a few weeks prior to award the delegates to the statewide winner but "in error" sent a memo to the candidates saying they would be awarded proportionately.[28] Santorum's campaign protested, saying the committee's six members were mostly Romney supporters,[29] and filed a protest with the Republican National Committee. Santorum's general counsel wrote in a letter to the RNC, "It is our understanding that several public supporters and Michigan surrogates of an opposing campaign voted in favor of the delegate allocation change which assisted their chosen candidate. This request is not about the allocation of a single delegate; it is about ensuring a transparent process, avoiding unscrupulous tactics and backroom deals by establishment figures and campaigns who have not received the result they hoped for at the ballot box."[30] Committee member and former state attorney general Mike Cox endorsed Romney, but said the delegates should have been awarded 15-15: "I have this crazy idea that you follow the rules. I'd love to give the at-large delegates to Mitt Romney, but our rules provide for strict apportionment."[29] See also
References1. ^http://www.michigan.gov/sos/0,4670,7-127-1633_8722-29616--,00.html 2. ^{{cite web|title=2012 Presidential Election - Michigan|url=http://www.politico.com/2012-election/map/#/President/2012/MI|publisher=Politico|accessdate=23 November 2012}} 3. ^{{cite web|url=http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/08/28/aug-27-michigan-isnt-a-tossup/?_r=0|title=Aug. 27: Michigan Isn't a Tossup|author=Nate Silver|work=New York Times|date=August 28, 2012|accessdate=October 15, 2013}} 4. ^http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/11/2012_election_results_presiden.html 5. ^Ms. Bell submitted a letter of resignation dated November 15, 2012 to Governor Rick Snyder. Pursuant to MCL 168.47, the vacancy was filled when the electors met on December 17. 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.thegreenpapers.com/P12/MI-R |title=Michigan Republican Delegation 2012 |publisher=The Green Papers |accessdate=February 29, 2012}} 7. ^{{citation |url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/sos/Public_FAQ_2-13-12_376851_7.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Michigan Secretary of State |accessdate=2012-03-02 |date=2012-02-21 |title=Questions and Answers: Michigan’s Feb. 28, 2012 Presidential Primary}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.michigan.gov/documents/sos/2012_voter_reg_totals_376923_7.pdf |title=2012 Voter Registration Totals |publisher=Michigan Secretary of State |date=February 15, 2012 |accessdate=February 28, 2012}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com/2012/03/01/michigan-results-provoke-accusations-ire/ | title=Michigan results provoke accusations, ire |publisher=CNN|date=March 1, 2012|accessdate=March 2, 2012 }} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://fivethirtyeight.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/02/28/after-many-momentum-shifts-michigan-too-close-to-call/ |title=After Many Momentum Shifts, Michigan Is Too Close to Call|publisher=FiveThirtyEight|date=February 28, 2012|accessdate=March 2, 2012}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/02/santorum-campaign-invites-democratic-votes-in-michigan-robo-call/ |title= Santorum Campaign Invites Democratic Votes In Michigan Robo-Call|publisher=ABC News|date=February 27, 2012|accessdate=March 2, 2012}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/politics/2012/02/28/santorum-encourages-michigan-democrats-to-vote-against-romney-in-phone-calls/|title=Romney blasts Santorum for 'dirty trick' calls to Michigan Dems encouraging vote in GOP primary|publisher=Fox News|date=February 28, 2012|accessdate=March 2, 2012}} 13. ^{{cite web|author=Angela Wittrock |url=http://www.mlive.com/lansing-news/index.ssf/2012/02/yes_michigan_democrats_are_vot.html |title=Yes, Michigan Democrats are voting for Rick Santorum |publisher=MLive |date=February 28, 2012 |accessdate=February 28, 2012}} 14. ^{{cite web|author=Jon Bershad |url=http://www.mediaite.com/online/rush-limbaugh-has-no-problem-with-rick-santorum-copying-his-operation-chaos-approach/ |title=Rush Limbaugh Has "No Problem" With Rick Santorum Copying His Operation Chaos Approach |publisher=Mediaite |date=February 28, 2012 |accessdate=February 28, 2012}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://content.usatoday.com/communities/onpolitics/post/2012/02/michigan-crossover-voting-romney-santorum-/1#.T03DmPEgdto |title=Crossover voting encouraged in Mich. GOP primary |work=On Politics |first=Catalina |last=Camia |publisher=USA Today |date=February 27, 2012 |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 16. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.detroitnews.com/article/20120223/OPINION01/202230333 |title=Michigan's quirky primaries |publisher=The Detroit News |first=Steve |last=Mitchell |date=February 23, 2012 |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 17. ^{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F00714FD3F5F117B93C5A8178ED85F468785F9 |title=Survey Ties Issues, Not Shooting, to Wallace Victory |publisher=The New York Times |first=Jack |last=Rosenthal |date=May 17, 1972 |accessdate=March 1, 2012}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=http://michigan.gov/sos/0,4670,7-127-29836-182726--F,00.html |title=What hours are the polls open on Election Day? |publisher=Michigan Secretary of State |accessdate=February 28, 2012}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/12PPR/01000000.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=May 7, 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120502024821/http://miboecfr.nictusa.com/election/results/12PPR/01000000.html |archivedate=May 2, 2012 }} 20. ^[https://www.usatoday.com/news/politics/primaries/michigan Michigan Primary - AP] 21. ^Michigan Primary - CNN 22. ^Michigan Primary - Green Papers 23. ^http://www.battlecreekenquirer.com/viewart/20120519/NEWS01/305190027/Mich-GOP-gets-behind-Romney-convention 24. ^http://www.michiganradio.org/post/ron-paul-supporters-unhappy-results-michigan-republican-party-convention 25. ^http://www.mlive.com/politics/index.ssf/2012/05/romney_republican_obama_conven.html 26. ^https://twitter.com/sanuzis/statuses/203941395424223232 27. ^http://m.detnews.com/updates/article?a=2012205190368&f=1208 28. ^Mitt Romney gets Michigan's at-large delegates 29. ^1 Republican discord continues, national GOP to investigate Michigan party leaders? 30. ^Rick Santorum files protest over Michigan delegates External links
3 : 2012 United States presidential election by state|2012 Michigan elections|United States presidential elections in Michigan |
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