1. Etymology

2. History
    Spanish period  American period  World War II  Post-war era 

3. Geography
    Administrative divisions  Barangays 

4. Government

5. Demographics
    Religion  Languages 

6. Economy

7. Education
    College/vocational 

8. References

9. External links

Nueva Vizcaya ({{lang-ilo|Probinsia ti Nueva Vizcaya}} [Baro nga Biscaya]; {{lang-gad|Probinsia na Nueva Vizcaya}}; {{lang-tl|Lalawigan ng Nueva Vizcaya}}) is a province of the Philippines located in Cagayan Valley region in Luzon, Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan .Quirino province later on broke away from the province as it was more related to Isabela province in the north.

Etymology

The name Nueva Vizcaya is derived from the name of the province of Biscay (called Vizcaya in Spanish, Bizkaia in Basque) in the Spanish rule period. This can be seen in the right part of the seal, a representation of the heraldic of Vizcaya in Spain.

History

Spanish period

The areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya used to be a territory of the vast Provincia de Cagayan,^[2] which was once an integral political unit with one governor. Organized religion in Nueva Vizcaya dates back to the year 1607, when the Dominican Order arrived at the hinterlands of the province to preach their beliefs. It was not until 1609, however, that the first settlement of a religious order was established in the southern half of the province. In 1702, a convent was erected in Burubur at the foot of the Caraballo Mountains in Santa Clara, which is now a barangay in the town of Aritao. It was on this site that the first mass in Nueva Vizcaya was celebrated and the first baptism of a Christian convert was held. In 1839, upon the advice of the alcalde mayor of Cagayan,^[2] then-Governor Luis Lardizabal issued an order creating the politico-military province of Nueva Vizcaya.^[3] The order was approved by a Royal Decree on April 10, 1841. The original province covered the areas of present-day Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino, Mountain Province, and a large portion of Isabela, as well as much of Aurora.^[3] Civil government was established in the province by the Philippine Commission in 1902.^[2]

The territories of Nueva Vizcaya were greatly reduced as a result of the formal creation of the province of Isabela in May 1865, wherein a large portion of its northern territory was ceded to the newly-born province.^[3][2]

American period

In 1908, the northwestern territory of Nueva Vizcaya was annexed to the newly organized sub-province of Ifugao.^[3] The survey executed by the Bureau of Lands in 1914 further caused the diminution of its area and reduced again upon the enactment of the Administrative Code of 1917.^[2]

The province of Nueva Viscaya was also included in the 12th senatorial district during the American period. The district included Mountain Province (present-day Apayao, Kalinga, Mountain Province, and Benguet), Cotabato (undivided), Agusan (undivided), Davao (undivided), Zamboanga (undivided), and Sulu (undivided). The province was included in the district because of its ethnic compatibility with Mountain Province and other indigenous domains in the Cordilleras and Mindanao.

World War II

During the Second World War, Balete Pass was the scene of a major battle between the Japanese, Filipino and American forces, with the Allies gaining the victory on 31 May 1945.^[3][4]{{rp|510,535}}

Post-war era

In 1971, with the passage of Republic Act No. 6394, Quirino, which was then a sub-province of Nueva Vizcaya, was separated from its mother province and made into a regular province.^[3][2][5][6]

Since Nueva Vizcaya's birth as a province, traces of the culture and customs of its early settlers—the Ilongots (Bugkalot), Igorots, Ifugaos, Isinais, and the Gaddangs—can still be seen.^[17] The influx of civilization and the infusion of modern technology to the life stream of the province induced immigration from adjacent provinces. The province was pushed to be included in the Cordillera Autonomous Region because the province is technically within the Cordillera, however, it did not came to be due to the failure to enact an autonomous Cordillera by the national government. In 2017, a new bill gained momentum in Congress. The bill aims to finally establish an autonomous Cordillera region, however, questions linger on the exclusion of Nueva Viscaya despite the province being culturally and geographically linked to the Cordilleras. The province also has the largest Igorot population outside the Cordillera region.

Geography

Surrounded by North Luzon's three large mountain ranges, Nueva Vizcaya is generally mountainous, varying from steep mountains to rolling hills, with some valleys and plains.^[2] It is bordered on the west by the Cordillera mountains, on the east by the Sierra Madre mountains, and on the south by the Caraballo Mountains.^[3] The province (and the entire Cagayan Valley) are separated from the Central Luzon plains by the Caraballo Mountains.

The province has a total land area of {{convert|{{PH wikidata|area}}|km2}}.{{PSGC detail|nscb}} The southernmost province in the Cagayan Valley region, Nueva Vizcaya lies approximately {{convert|268|km}} north of Metro Manila and can be reached by land via the Cagayan Valley Road (Maharlika Highway).

Administrative divisions

Nueva Vizcaya comprises 15 municipalities, with Bayombong as the provincial capital and major educational center, Bambang (the agricultural hub) and Solano (the financial district) as the major commercial centers, and Kayapa as the summer capital and "vegetable bowl" of the province. All municipalities are encompassed by a lone legislative district.{{PSGC detail|nscb}}

Geographically, the western half of Nueva Vizcaya is part of the main Cordilleras, while its eastern half is part of the Caraballos, the meeting point of the Cordilleras and the Sierra Madre. There have been grassroot moves to reunify Nueva Viscaya with the Cordilleras due to cultural and geographical harmony, however, none have been introduced in Congress.

Barangays

The 15 municipalities of the province comprise a total of 275 barangays, with Roxas in Solano as the most populous in 2010, and Santa Rosa in Santa Fe as the least.{{PH census|2010|02}}

Government

Nueva Vizcaya has one congressional district, although there has been a longtime proposal to divide the province into two congressional districts: "North District," comprising the northern municipalities; and "South District," composed of the southern towns.

Demographics

The population of Nueva Vizcaya in the {{PH wikidata|population_as_of}} was {{PH wikidata|population_total}} people,{{PH census|current|02}} with a density of {{convert|{{sigfig|{{PH wikidata|population_total}}/{{PH wikidata|area}}|2}}|PD/km2|disp=or}}.

Nueva Vizcaya is home to about 18 indigenous peoples, which includes the major tribes of the Ifugao {{small|(Quezon, Bagabag, Kasibu)}}, Gaddang {{small|(Solano and Bayombong)}}, Isinai {{small|(Dupax del Sur and Bambang)}}, Dumagat {{small|(Aritao)}}, Kalanguya {{small|(Santa Fe)}},; and the Bugkalot {{small|(Alfonso Castañeda and Dupax del Norte)}}. The Ilokano population in the province are not indigenous as they were part of then president Marcos' Ilokano migration policy which aimed to solidify his Ilokano support base in northern Luzon, which resulted in the displacement of indigenous peoples from their ancestral lands.^[7]

Every last week of May, these ethnolinguistic groups gather to celebrate the Ammungan festival (formerly Panagyaman festival), a week-long affair culminating on May 24, the province's foundation day.^[7]

Religion

Roman Catholics are about 63% of the population of the province.^[8] Other faiths are divided among Aglipayan Church , Iglesia Ni Cristo which form about 5-6% of the province population,^[9] The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baptist, Methodist, Pentecostals, Seventh-day Adventist and other Evangelical Christians which forms about 17%-20% of the province's population^[10][11] as well as Muslims and indigenous Cordilleran religions.

Languages

Nueva Vizcaya province possesses one of the most diverse array of indigenous languages in Luzon, a testimony to its cultural and geographic linkages with the Cordillera mountain range. The indigenous languages of the province listed by the Komisyon ng Wikang Filipino are the Bugkalut language, Ibaloy language, Ifugaw language, Iguwak language, Irungdungan language, Isinay language, Kalanguya language, and Kankanaey language. During the 1970s, people from Ilocos region migrated to the province under martial law and imported the Ilokano language. which later was imposed by the dictatorship as the provincial lingua franca, instead of a native Nueva Viscayan language.

Economy

Agriculture is the main industry in the province, together with rice, corn, fruits and vegetables as major crops.^[3] Nueva Vizcaya is a major producer of citrus crops in the country, principally pomelo, ponkan and oranges. The Nueva Vizcaya Agricultural Terminal in Bambang supplies the demand of neighboring provinces and Metro Manila. There is a mining industry in the province which added to the provincial income.^[12][13]

According to the Mines and Geosciences Bureau, deposits of metallic minerals discovered in the province are copper, gold, molybdenum and pyrite. Non-metallic deposits include red clay, white clay and limestone, with sand and gravel being the most abundant deposits in the province.^[14]

On January 11, 2008, the Cagayan Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) stated that tilapia (species of cichlid fishes from the tilapiine cichlid tribe) production grew and Cagayan Valley is now the Philippines’ tilapia capital (Saint Peter's fish). Production supply grew 37.25% since 2003, with 14,000 metric tons (MT) in 2007. The recent{{when|date=July 2016}} aquaculture congress found that the growth of tilapia production was due to government interventions: provision of fast-growing species, accreditation of private hatcheries to ensure supply of quality fingerlings, establishment of demonstration farms, providing free fingerlings to newly constructed fishponds, and the dissemination of tilapia to Nueva Vizcaya (in Diadi town).^[15]

Education

Nueva Vizcaya has two universities:

• Nueva Vizcaya State University has two campuses: Bayombong Campus and Bambang Campus
• Saint Mary's University in Bayombong

Colleges in Nueva Vizcaya:

• Aldersgate College in Solano
• Sierra College in Bayombong
• PLT College, Inc. in Bayombong
• King's Colleges of the Philippines in Bambang

Other School's Include

• Saint Mary's School of Dupax
• Saint Teresitas's Academy of Aritao
• Dupax Del Norte National High school
• Dupax Del Sur National High School
• Saint Catherine of Siena

College/vocational

• Aldersgate College (Solano)
• Fuzeko Polytechnic College (Solano)
• King's College of the Philippines (formerly: Eastern Luzon Colleges) (Bambang)
• Northern Luzon Technical Institute (Bayombong)
• Nueva Vizcaya Caregiver Academy (Solano)
• Nueva Vizcaya Institute (Aritao)
• PLT College Inc. (Bayombong)
• Saint Mary's University (Bayombong)
• Sierra College (Bayombong)
• Solano Institute of Technology (Solano)
• Vizcaya Institute of Computer Science (Bayombong)

References

External links

• {{Wikivoyage-inline|Nueva Viscaya}}
• {{Commons category-inline}}
• {{OSM relation|52305}}
• Official website of the Province of NUEVA VIZCAYA
• Philippine Standard Geographic Code
• Local Governance Performance Management System

• Pierre Wome
• Pierre & Wright
• Pierre Yameogo
• Pierre-Yves Barre
• Pierre-Yves Barré
• Pierre-Yves Billette
• Pierre-Yves Borgeaud
• Pierre Yves Clouin
• Pierre-Yves Collombat
• Pierre-Yves Corthals
• Pierre-Yves Cousteau
• Pierre Yves Lenik
• Pierre-Yves Melancon
• Pierre-Yves Monette
• Pierre-Yves Montagnat
• Pierre-Yves Plat
• Pierre-Yves Tremois
• Pierre-Yves Trémois
• Pierre Zalloua
• Pierre Zimmer
• Pierre-Édouard Bellemare
• Pierre-Édouard Lémontey
• Pierre-Émile Côté
• Pierre-Émile Launois
• Pierre-Émile Martin