| 词条 | 2013 Bulgarian parliamentary election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Bulgarian parliamentary election, 2013 | country = Bulgaria | ongoing = no | previous_election = 2009 | next_election = 2014 | election_date = {{Start date|2013|05|12|df=y}} | turnout = 51.3% | party1 = GERB | party_leader1 = Boyko Borisov | percentage1 = 30.5 | seats1_before = 117 | seats1 = 97 | party2 = Coalition for Bulgaria | party_leader2 = Sergei Stanishev | percentage2 = 26.6 | seats2_before = 40 | seats2 = 84 | party3 = Movement for Rights and Freedoms | party_leader3 = Lyutvi Mestan | percentage3 = 11.3 | seats3_before = 37 | seats3 = 36 | party4 = Attack (political party) | party_leader4 = Volen Siderov | percentage4 = 7.3 | seats4_before = 21 | seats4 = 23 | map = File:BG Parliamentary 2013 pie EN.png | map_caption = Results by constituency | title = Prime Minister | before_election = Marin Raykov | before_image = | before_party = Independent (politician) | after_election = Plamen Oresharski | after_image = | after_party = Bulgarian Socialist Party }}{{Politics of Bulgaria}} Parliamentary elections were held in Bulgaria on 12 May 2013, two months ahead of schedule.[1] Protests had forced the resignation of the GERB government in February, leading to the election being moved up.[2]The elections resulted in a minority parliament, with no party winning a majority of seats. Furthermore, voter turnout was at its lowest since the end of the Communist era.[3] For the first time since the return to democracy in 1990, a political party (GERB) won two elections in a row. Despite emerging victorious, GERB's leader, Boyko Borisov, called for the election results to be annulled, claiming that there had been "illegal campaigning" on the day before the election.[4] BackgroundHigh electricity prices and poverty ignited mass protests in February 2013, eventually leading to the resignation of the GERB government and early elections.[5] The elections were originally scheduled to be held in July, but had to be brought forward. The government resigned the day after clashes between the police and protesters led to bloodshed and a number of civilians being badly injured. А caretaker government was appointed on 13 March 2013 by President Rosen Plevneliev to serve until the elections. On 28 February, Plevneliev announced the earliest possible date for the election would be 12 May.[6] Electoral systemThe 240 members of the National Assembly were elected by closed-list proportional representation in 31 multi-member constituencies.[6] Parties had to receive at least 4% of the national vote to win any of the proportional seats, which were distributed using the largest remainder method.[7] Parties that failed to pass the 4% threshold, but received more than 1% of the national vote were to be allocated annual state subsidies to the amount of 12 leva (€6) per vote received.[8] CampaignAs a result of the protests over electricity prices, the distribution license for Czech utility company ČEZ was revoked. President Rosen Plevneliev told parliament: "I believe that the necessary key changes in the laws should be decided by a new parliament. The decision is to hold elections."[9] Former European Commissioner Meglena Kuneva broke from the National Movement for Stability and Progress, formed around Simeon Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. She claimed her new party would have significant support even though opinion polls indicated otherwise. She also indicated that it was likely her civil society organisation, Movement "Bulgaria of the Citizens", would become a party as it was "the only way to participate in elections." Rumours suggested she could be a coalition partner to GERB, but she played down such suggestions. In the Socialist party there was infighting over whether Sergei Stanishev or Georgi Parvanov would lead the party.[10] Several of the parties were newly formed by citizens, resulting from the public discontent from the 2013 Bulgarian protests and the months leading up to them. One such party is People's Voice, formed by Hipodil frontman Svetlio Vitkov.[11] Others were led by citizens using the ticket of parties which were already in existence, as they had not managed to fulfill the strict registration requirements in the two months between the government's resignation and the elections – one such party is the Democratic Citizens' Initiative.[12] In all cases, the citizens' parties still needed to collect the 7,000 signatures necessary for participating in the elections.[13] ControversyAl Jazeera reported voter apathy due to scandals and disappointment with politicians. During the campaign there were also allegations of fraud and an illegal wiretapping scandal. The day before the election, a printing press in Kostinbrod was raided and 350,000 alleged illegally printed ballots were recovered. BSP leader Sergey Stanishev said that this was preparation for fraud with 10 percent of the electoral turnout being falsified for about 25 constituencies. He said: "This is a scandal unseen in Bulgaria so far." There was also allegations of illegal wiretapping of politicians. Prosecutors suggested former Interior Minister Tsvetan Tsvetanov was responsible with media revealing Borisov's alleged summons of Sofia's chief prosecutor to discuss details of the bribery probe. The OSCE's monitoring delegation member Eoghan Murphy said of the fraudulent ballot papers: "It's not for us to investigate these matters. It is for the Bulgarian authorities, but we will be interested in their assessment of the situation and how they deal with the matter as reported."[15] In their post-election press-conferences and press interviews, many of the parties stated that the vote should be invalidated because of the so-called "ballot-gate". The revelation of the illegal ballots was made on the day before the election, designated "day for thought", when no political campaigning is allowed. Most of the major parties held press conferences immediately after the revelation, after which the Prosecutor's office made a formal announcement on the matter.[14] The Prosecution was then accused by GERB that their announcement "cost them 5-6% of the vote",[15] and four days later, in their first press conference since election night, Borisov stated that he will officially ask for an invalidation of the vote.[16] Opinion polls
ResultsThere were 6.9 million eligible voters. Voting ended at 21:00. There were also over 250 international electoral monitors.[46] Turnout was 51.3%. Four parties passed the electoral threshold, winning seats in parliament. These four parties account for only 75.76% of all valid ballots cast.
ReactionsThe election was noted for its low voter turnout. After voting finished, about 50 protesters congregated outside the election centre at the Palace of Culture in Sofia demanding GERB not be given a chance to form a new government. The protesters chanted "mafia" and were involved in brief scuffles with the police.[47] Sergei Stanishev, leader of the second-place Bulgarian Socialist Party, dismissed GERB's chances of forming a government and expressed willingness to negotiate with the other two parties. GERB set a precedent by not holding the traditional post-election press conference for elected parties, and they stayed out of the media for four days until the finalized results came out on Thursday.[48] Government formation{{Main|Oresharski Government}}On 24 May, Borisov returned the president's mandate to try and form a government. President Rosen Plevneliev then invited the BSP to form a government. Reuters speculated that the BSP and the DPS will put together a cabinet of non-partisan specialists. That will be approved if some of Attack's 23 MPs boycott the vote, as they did for the election of the new speaker, Mihail Mikov.[49] Former Finance Minister Plamen Oresharski was nominated for the post of prime minister by the BSP and, after a meeting with the Movement for Rights and Freedoms,[50] was appointed on 29 May.[51] About his new cabinet, Oresharski said: "I have always been skeptical towards the division between leftists and rightists. There are some situations in which the most important thing is a rational and pragmatic approach. The main criterion for the composition of the cabinet is expertise."[50] See also
References1. ^Bulgaria Elections 2013 ftp Headlines, 24 March 2013. {{Bulgarian elections}}2. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-22388732 | title=Q&A: Bulgaria's parliamentary elections | publisher=BBC | date=2013-05-08 | accessdate=2013-05-13}} 3. ^Uncertainty reigns after Bulgarian election stalemate Euronews, 13 May 2013 4. ^Opposition, derision for Borissov’s call to annul May 12 elections Sofia Globe, 16 May 2013 5. ^{{cite web|last=Cage |first=Sam |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/20/us-bulgaria-government-idUSBRE91J09J20130220 |title=Bulgarian government resigns amid growing protests |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=2013-02-20}} 6. ^Election Profile IFES 7. ^Electoral system IPU 8. ^9 Parties Win State Subsidies in Bulgaria's General Elections Novinite, 13 May 2013 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/02/28/us-bulgaria-government-idUSBRE91R0BO20130228 |title=Bulgaria president calls May election after protests |publisher=Reuters |date= |accessdate=2013-05-11}} 10. ^{{cite web|author=Clive Leviev-Sawyer |url=http://www.sofiaecho.com/2012/03/13/1786372_the-long-long-road-to-bulgarias-2013-parliamentary-elections |title=The long, long road to Bulgaria’s 2013 parliamentary elections - Opinion |publisher=The Sofia Echo |date=2012-03-13 |accessdate=2013-05-11}} 11. ^Svetlio Vitkov with the "People's Voice" Party, WebCafe, 6 Oct 2012. Retrieved May 2013. 12. ^The Protest With Its Own Party, OffNews, 22 Mar 2013. Retrieved May 2013. 13. ^71 parties want to participate in the upcoming parliamentary elections, Dnevnik, 27 mar 2013. Retrieved May 2013. 14. ^On the Media Announcements about Kostinbrod, Prosecution of the Republic of Bulgaria, 11 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013. 15. ^Borisov Accuses Prosecutor for Lost Votes, Dir.bg, 14 May 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013. 16. ^GERB to ask for Invalidation and New Elections, Kapital, 16 may 2013. Retrieved 17 May 2013. 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.blitz.bg/news/article/198714|title=НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ с 9% преднина пред БСП|publisher=Блиц|date=2013-05-10|accessdate=2013-05-10}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=http://otblizo.net/politics/item/1314-%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1-%D0%B8-%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BF-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85%D0%B0,-%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8-%D0%B2-%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0|title=Скала: ГЕРБ и БСП изравниха, шест партии в парламента|publisher=Отблизо|date=2013-05-10|accessdate=2013-05-10}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/05/10/2057498_galup_paritet_mejdu_gerb_i_bsp_mediana_osnovnite/|title="Галъп": Паритет между ГЕРБ и БСП, "Медиана": основните политически опоненти са наравно|publisher=Dnevnik|date=2013-05-10|accessdate=2013-05-10}} 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/05/10/2057498_galup_paritet_mejdu_gerb_i_bsp_mediana_osnovnite/|title="Галъп": Паритет между ГЕРБ и БСП, "Медиана": основните политически опоненти са наравно|publisher=Dnevnik|date=2013-05-10|accessdate=2013-05-10}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/05/09/2056941_alfa_risurch_chetiri_partii_vlizat_v_parlamenta_edna_e/|title="Алфа Рисърч": Четири партии влизат в парламента, една е почти сигурна|publisher=Dnevnik|date=2013-05-09|accessdate=2013-05-09}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/05/08/2055956_afis_kampaniiata_vuzkresi_rzs_pone_pet_partii_vlizat_v/|title="Афис": Кампанията възкреси РЗС, поне пет партии влизат в парламента|publisher=Dnevnik|date=2013-05-08|accessdate=2013-05-08}} 23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnes.bg/izbori-2013/2013/04/29/borisov-vkarva-108-deputati-v-sledvashtoto-ns-izchisli-mbmd.186855|title=Борисов вкарва 108 депутати в следващото НС, изчисли МБМД|publisher=dnes.bg|date=2013-04-29|accessdate=2013-04-29}} 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.24chasa.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1952322|title=НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 23,6%, БСП - 17,7%, 22% се колебаят|publisher=24 часа|date=2013-04-28|accessdate=2013-04-28}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1942660|title=Разликата между ГЕРБ и БСП се топи|publisher=Труд|date=2013-04-25|accessdate=2013-04-26}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=149839|title=New Poll Gives GERB 6% Lead over Bulgaria's Socialists|date=2013-04-24|accessdate=2013-04-25}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/04/19/2045052_afis_gerb_e_izcherpala_potenciala_si_bsp_ima_nakude_da/?ref=rss|title="Афис": ГЕРБ е изчерпала потенциала си, БСП има накъде да расте до изборите|publisher=в. Дневник|date=2013-04-19|accessdate=2013-04-19}} 28. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1930448|title=НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ запазва преднината си пред БСП|publisher=в. Труд|date=2013-04-19|accessdate=2013-04-19}} 29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/04/18/2044151_alfa_risurch_gerb_zapazva_predninata_pred_bsp/|title="Алфа Рисърч": ГЕРБ запазва преднината пред БСП, избирателната активност расте|publisher=dnevnik.bg |date=2013-04-18 |accessdate=2013-04-18 }} 30. ^{{cite web|url=http://pressadaily.bg/publication/13254-%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%93%D0%95%D0%A0%D0%91-%D0%B8-%D0%91%D0%A1%D0%9F-%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82-%E2%80%9E%D0%BD%D0%B0-%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%E2%80%9C/|title=Шансовете на ГЕРБ и БСП остават „на кантар“|publisher=Преса|date=2013-04-17|accessdate=2013-04-17}} 31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1913546|title=ГЕРБ срещу БСП с преднина 2,7%|publisher=Труд |date=2013-04-11 |accessdate=2013-04-12}} 32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1894534|title=НЦИОМ: ГЕРБ - 24,4%, БСП - 17,5%|publisher=в. Труд|date=2013-04-04|accessdate=2013-04-04}} 33. ^{{cite web|url=http://komentator.bg/%D0%9C%D0%91%D0%9C%D0%94-%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5-n-3992|title=МБМД огласи официално „онова” изследване |publisher=komentator.bg|date=2013-04-02|accessdate=2013-04-02}} 34. ^{{cite web|url=http://pik.bg/%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1-253-%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BF-202-news65393.html|title=ГЕРБ 25,3%, БСП 20,2|publisher=ПИК|date=2013-04-02|accessdate=2013-04-02}} 35. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.modernpolitics.org/?p=3578|title=Обществени нагласи през месец март|publisher=Институт за модерна политика|date=2013-04-02|accessdate=2013-04-02}} 36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnevnik.bg/izbori2013/2013/04/01/2033230_alfa_risurch_ako_izborite_biaha_dnes_-_gerb_bsp_dps/|title="Алфа Рисърч": Ако изборите бяха днес - ГЕРБ, БСП, ДПС, "Атака" и "България на гражданите" влизат в парламента|publisher=dnevnik.bg |date=2013-04-01 |accessdate=2013-04-01}} 37. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.blitz.bg/news/article/189698|title=СДС и ДСБ са под чертата на изборите - Меглена Кунева също е аут, "Атака" върви нагоре|publisher=blitz.bg |date=2013-03-23 |accessdate=2013-03-27}} 38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1847836|title=Отново ли "ГЕРБ на власт"?|publisher=Труд |date=2013-03-18 |accessdate=2013-03-18}} 39. ^{{cite web|url=http://pressadaily.bg/publication/11386-%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0-%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B8-%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD|title=Кунева губи, печели Волен|publisher=Преса|date=2013-03-16|accessdate=2013-03-18}} 40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.modernpolitics.org/?p=3526|title=Обществени нагласи по време на криза|publisher=Институт за модерна политика|date=2013-03-08|accessdate=2013-03-18}} 41. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=147850 |title= Bulgaria: Bulgarian Ruling Party Would Lose Elections |publisher= Novinite.com |date=2013-02-15 |accessdate= 2013-02-20}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.trud.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1773704|title="Медиана": БСП изпреварва ГЕРБ|publisher=Труд |date=2013-02-15 |accessdate=2013-02-22}} 43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.24chasa.bg/Article.asp?ArticleId=1773782|title="Медиана": БСП изпреварва ГЕРБ|publisher=24 часа |date=2013-02-15 |accessdate=2013-02-22}} 44. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://frognews.bg/news_51641/Spored_Galap_-_po_ravno_Mediana_dade_predimstvo_na_BSP/ |title=Според "Галъп" - по равно, "Медиана" даде предимство на БСП |publisher=frognews.com|date=2013-02-15 |accessdate=2013-02-20}} 45. ^{{cite web|url=http://pressadaily.bg/publication/11386-Кунева-губи-печели-Волен|title=Кунева губи, печели Волен|publisher=Преса |date=2013-03-16 |accessdate=2013-02-22}} 46. ^1 Deadlock feared after Bulgaria elections 47. ^{{cite web|title=Bulgaria election fails to end political stalemate|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-22498433|work=BBC News Europe|publisher=BBC|accessdate=12 March 2014}} 48. ^Borisov stays quiet, Stanishev Speaks (in Bulgarian), Deutsche Welle, 13 May 2013. 49. ^http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/05/23/uk-bulgaria-vote-idUKBRE94M0EA20130523 50. ^1 {{cite web|title=PM Hopeful: New Bulgarian Cabinet Will Be 'Expert, Pragmatic'|url=http://www.novinite.com/view_news.php?id=150686|work=Novinite.com|publisher=Sofia News Agency|accessdate=12 March 2014}} 51. ^{{cite news|last=Buckley |first=Neil |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/fc0873ba-c7b2-11e2-9c52-00144feab7de.html#axzz2Ul3gy700 |title=Bulgaria parliament votes for a ‘Mario Monti’ to lead government |publisher=FT.com |date=2013-05-29 |accessdate=2013-06-04}} 3 : 2013 elections in Europe|Parliamentary elections in Bulgaria|2013 in Bulgaria |
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 随便看 |
|
||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。