词条 | 2013 Czech legislative election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| election_name = Czech legislative election, 2013 | country = Czech Republic | type = parliamentary | ongoing = no | previous_election = Czech legislative election, 2010 | previous_year = 2010 | next_election = Czech legislative election, 2017 | next_year = 2017 | seats_for_election = All 200 seats in the Chamber of Deputies | majority_seats = 101 | election_date = 25–26 October 2013 | image1 = | leader1 = Bohuslav Sobotka | party1 = Czech Social Democratic Party | leader_since1 = 29 May 2010 | leaders_seat1 = South Moravia | last_election1 = 56 seats, 22.08% | seats1 = 50 | seat_change1 = {{decrease}}6 | popular_vote1 = 1,016,829 | percentage1 = 20.45% | swing1 = {{decrease}}1.63% | image2 = | leader2 = Andrej Babiš | party2 = ANO 2011 | leader_since2 = 1 August 2012 | leaders_seat2 = Prague | last_election2 = – | seats2 = 47 | seat_change2 = New | popular_vote2 = 927,240 | percentage2 = 18.65% | swing2 = New | image3 = | leader3 = Vojtěch Filip | party3 = Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia | leader_since3 = 1 October 2005 | leaders_seat3 = South Bohemia | last_election3 = 26 seats, 11.27% | seats3 = 33 | seat_change3 = {{increase}}7 | popular_vote3 = 741,044 | percentage3 = 14.91% | swing3 = {{increase}}3.64% | image4 = | leader4 = Karel Schwarzenberg | party4 = TOP 09 | leader_since4 = 11 June 2009 | leaders_seat4 = Prague | last_election4 = 41 seats, 16.70% | seats4 = 26 | seat_change4 = {{decrease}}15 | popular_vote4 = 596,357 | percentage4 = 11.99% | swing4 = {{decrease}}4.71% | image5 = | leader5 = Miroslava Němcová | party5 = Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic) | leader_since5 = 9 August 2013 | leaders_seat5 = Prague | last_election5 = 53 seats, 20.22% | seats5 = 16 | seat_change5 = {{decrease}}37 | popular_vote5 = 384,174 | percentage5 = 7.72% | swing5 = {{decrease}}12.50% | image6 = | leader6 = Tomio Okamura | party6 = Dawn of Direct Democracy | leader_since6 = May 2013 | leaders_seat6 = Central Bohemia | last_election6 = – | seats6 = 14 | seat_change6 = New | popular_vote6 = 342,339 | percentage6 = 6.88% | swing6 = New | image7 = | leader7 = Pavel Bělobrádek | party7 = Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party | leader_since7 = November 2010 | leaders_seat7 = Hradec Králové | last_election7 = 0 seats, 4.39% | seats7 = 14 | seat_change7 = {{increase}}14 | popular_vote7 = 336,970 | percentage7 = 6.78% | swing7 = {{increase}}2.39% | title = Prime Minister | before_election = Jiří Rusnok | before_party = Independent (politician) | after_election = Bohuslav Sobotka | after_party = Czech Social Democratic Party | map_image= Poslanecká sněmovna 2013.png | map_caption= Winning party by district (Red: Communist, Orange: ČSSD, Blue: ANO 2011, Purple: TOP 09) }}Early legislative elections were held in the Czech Republic on 25 and 26 October 2013, seven months before the constitutional expiry of the elected parliament's four year legislative term. The government elected in May 2010 led by Prime Minister Petr Nečas was forced to resign on 17 June 2013, after a corruption and bribery scandal. A caretaker government led by Prime Minister Jiří Rusnok was then appointed by the President, but narrowly lost a vote of confidence on 7 August, leading to its resignation six days later.[1] The Chamber of Deputies then passed a motion of dissolution on 20 August, requiring new elections to be called within 60 days of presidential assent.[2][3] The President gave his assent on 28 August, scheduling the elections for 25 and 26 October 2013.[4] The two parties gaining the most seats were the Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD) (50 seats) and the new party ANO 2011 (47 seats). The Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia came third, with an increase in vote share of 3.6%. The two parties from the previous coalition government who were contesting the election, TOP 09 and the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), lost substantial numbers of seats, to finish fourth and fifth, respectively. Two other parties entered the parliament, the new party Dawn of Direct Democracy, and the Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party. BackgroundThe previous election in May 2010 resulted in the formation of a three-party centre-right coalition government consisting of the Civic Democratic Party (ODS), TOP 09 and Public Affairs (VV), with 118 seats, led by Prime Minister Petr Nečas. On 22 April 2012, after a split in VV related to corruption accusations against the party leadership (especially Vít Bárta), ODS and TOP 09 dissolved their coalition with VV, raising the possibility that early elections would be held in June 2012.[5] However, shortly afterwards a breakaway faction of VV, led by Karolína Peake, formed a new party, LIDEM, who replaced VV in the coalition with ODS and TOP 09. The revised coalition controlled 100 seats (ODS=51, TOP09=41, LIDEM=8), and won a subsequent vote of confidence on 27 April 2012 by 105 to 93 votes, with additional support from some independent MPs.[6][7] On 17 June 2013, Prime Minister Petr Nečas resigned after a spying and corruption scandal. The Czech Social Democratic Party (ČSSD), the largest opposition party, called for the dissolution of the Chamber of Deputies and a snap election,[8] while the ODS{{nbhyph}}TOP09{{nbhyph}}LIDEM coalition argued they could still command a majority under Miroslava Němcová (ODS) as the new prime minister, as they proposed to the Czech President.[9] From 25 June 2013, the previous government coalition only held 98 seats (ODS=50, TOP09=42, LIDEM=6), and was therefore dependent upon support from independent MPs.[10][11] To demonstrate its majority, the ODS-led coalition submitted 101 MP signatures of support to the president, including two extra independents as part of the LIDEM parliamentary group and the independent Michal Doktor, a former ODS member.[12] In an unprecedented move, President Miloš Zeman decided not to accept the coalition's requests, but instead appointed a caretaker government with Jiří Rusnok as new prime minister. Zeman described the new government as a "government of experts", while his critics described it as a "government of Zeman's friends".[13][14][15] Former Prime Minister Jan Fischer was named as finance minister.[16] Zeman stated that if the caretaker government could not win majority support in the vote of confidence required by the constitution to take place after 30 days in office, then he would give the ODS-led coalition a second attempt to form a government, provided it could still submit at least 101 signatures of support from MPs.[17] On 7 August 2013, Jiří Rusnok's caretaker government lost the confidence vote in parliament by 93 to 100 votes, with 7 abstentions. A simple majority was required to unseat the government, which was supported by all MPs from ODS, TOP09 and LIDEM (except two ODS MPs and Karolína Peake of LIDEM, who broke the party line by abstaining).[18] The two dissenting ODS MPs, who were both expelled from the party a few hours after the vote, explained their decision by stating that ODS needed a period of self-reflection in opposition in order to win the municipal elections in 2014.[19] Karolína Peake resigned as leader of LIDEM after the vote,[20][21] and TOP 09 stated that due to a lack of support for a reformed ODS{{nbhyph}}TOP09{{nbhyph}}LIDEM government, as indicated by the results of the confidence vote,[22] they would withdraw their support for this coalition, in favour of early elections. ČSSD and the Communist Party (KSČM) also supported early elections.[23][24][25] Though the constitution of the Czech Republic allows the president two attempts to appoint someone to form a new government, there is no time limit. As such, in theory the caretaker government could be allowed by the president to continue in its interim capacity until new elections took place, despite having lost the confidence vote. The end of the legislative term was scheduled to be May 2014, unless the parliament was dissolved before that date.[25] Nevertheless, the caretaker government decided voluntarily to resign on 13 August 2013, with immediate effect, and the parliament convened on 20 August to decide whether to dissolve the parliament and call for new elections within 60 days, or to request that the president again appoint someone to form a new government.[1] A vote on dissolution of the parliament was scheduled to take place at 14:00 on 20 August. The four parties who had stated their support for the motion (TOP 09, ČSSD, KSČM and VV[26]) together held more than the 60% majority (120 seats) required to pass the motion of dissolution, according to article 35(2) of the constitution.[27][28] On 20 August, the parliament approved the motion of dissolution by 140 to 7.[2][3] The president gave his assent for the dissolution of the parliament on 28 August, and scheduled the elections for 25{{nbhyph}}26 October 2013.[4] Incumbent parliamentThe distribution of seats in the Chamber of Deputies on 20 August 2013, immediately before the parliament was dissolved, was as follows:
Parties contesting the election
Campaign finances
Opinion polls{{main article|Opinion polling for the Czech legislative election, 2013}}
Overseas votersFollowing a random draw carried out by the State Election Committee, Czechs voting abroad who did not have permanent residency in the country would be included as voters in the Central Bohemian Region.[95] Results
|title=Popular vote |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=350px |bars={{Bar percent|ČSSD|{{Czech Social Democratic Party/meta/color}}|20.46}}{{Bar percent|ANO 2011|{{ANO 2011/meta/color}}|18.66}}{{Bar percent|KSČM|{{Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia/meta/color}}|14.91}}{{Bar percent|TOP 09|{{TOP 09/meta/color}}|12.00}}{{Bar percent|ODS|{{Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)/meta/color}}|7.73}}{{Bar percent|ÚSVIT|{{Public Affairs (political party)/meta/color}}|6.89}}{{Bar percent|KDU-ČSL|{{Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party/meta/color}}|6.78}}{{Bar percent|SZ|{{Green Party (Czech Republic)/meta/color}}|3.20}}{{Bar percent|PIRÁTI|{{Czech Pirate Party/meta/color}}|2.66}}{{Bar percent|SVOBODNÍ|{{Party of Free Citizens/meta/color}}|2.47}}{{Bar percent|SPOZ|{{Party of Civic Rights – Zemanovci/meta/color}}|1.51}}{{Bar percent|Others|{{Other/meta/color}}|2.73}} }}{{Bar box |title=Parliamentary seats |titlebar=#ddd |width=600px |barwidth=350px |bars={{Bar percent|ČSSD|{{Czech Social Democratic Party/meta/color}}|25.00}}{{Bar percent|ANO 2011|{{ANO 2011/meta/color}}|23.50}}{{Bar percent|KSČM|{{Communist Party of Bohemia and Moravia/meta/color}}|16.50}}{{Bar percent|TOP 09|{{TOP 09/meta/color}}|13.00}}{{Bar percent|ODS|{{Civic Democratic Party (Czech Republic)/meta/color}}|8.00}}{{Bar percent|ÚSVIT|{{Public Affairs (political party)/meta/color}}|7.00}}{{Bar percent|KDU-ČSL|{{Christian and Democratic Union – Czechoslovak People's Party/meta/color}}|7.00}} }} AftermathČSSD internal conflictFollowing the election, ČSSD said they were open to talks with all parties about the formation of a government.[98] ANO leader Babis said he could imagine supporting a ČSSD-led government, whether in a coalition or supporting a ČSSD minority government from opposition, but that it was not his preferred option, as he opposed ČSSD proposals for tax increases. He also indicated that he would seek to become Minister of Finance in any coalition cabinet.[99] Immediately after the elections, two factions emerged in the ČSSD,{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} one supporting chairman Bohuslav Sobotka and the other led by Michal Hašek, ČSSD's leader in Moravia. Hašek, with support from President Miloš Zeman, issued a statement calling for Bohuslav Sobotka to resign as party chairman. ČSSD leaders had already appointed Hašek as the lead negotiator in coalition talks due to take place with other parties. A few days previously, Michal Hašek had declared his loyalty to Sobotka, and endorsed him as leader of ČSSD. ČSSD members organized meetings and rallies against Hašek, and Sobotka compared Hašek to Zdeněk Fierlinger, ČSSD's pro-Communist leader from 1948 who forced the party to merge with the Communist regime.[100][101] Sobotka was supported by Jiří Dienstbier Jr., the party's most recent presidential candidate, while Hašek was supported by party figures including Jeroným Tejc and Lubomír Zaorálek.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} According to opinion polls, the situation was perceived by the public as an attempted leadership coup.{{citation needed|date=October 2013}} Subsequently, Hašek and his allies, in the face of popular and party support for Bohuslav Sobotka, resigned their positions within the party and lost influence. A new negotiation team was formed, led by Bohuslav Sobotka, to negotiate with ANO and KDU-ČSL.{{citation needed|date=November 2013}} Government formationOn 11 November, ČSSD began coalition talks with ANO and KDU-ČSL. All parties agreed on progressive taxation, abolition of the previous government's social reforms and a law about property origin. However, disagreement remained between ČSSD and KDU-ČSL regarding church restitution.[102][103] In late December 2013, leaders of ČSSD, ANO and KDU-ČSL announced that they had reached an agreement on a coalition government. The coalition agreement was signed on 6 January 2014. The parties also agreed on a cabinet,[104] in which ČSSD took eight ministries, ANO seven ministries and KDU-ČSL three ministries. Sobotka became prime minister, with Babiš deputy prime minister and minister of finance, and KDU-ČSL leader Pavel Bělobrádek second deputy Prime Minister.[105] Bohuslav Sobotka's Cabinet was sworn in on 29 January 2014. 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I do not pretend game of democracy|language=Czech|publisher=iDNES.cz|date=13 September 2013|accessdate=15 September 2013}} 67. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.vasevec.cz/domaci-politika/jiri-paroubek-proc-nekandiduji-ve-volbach-do-snemovny|title=Paroubek: Why does not stand for election to the House of Commons|language=Czech|publisher=VaseVec.cz|date=13 September 2013|accessdate=15 September 2013}} 68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/311383-babisovu-hnuti-se-denne-hlasi-200-zajemcu-o-clenstvi.html|title=Babiš's movement with daily reports of 200 candidates for membership|language=Czech|publisher=Novinky.cz|date=23 August 2013|accessdate=23 August 2013}} 69. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/news/news-2013-08-27#3|title=Former Green leader to form own party|publisher=Radio Praha|date=27 August 2013|accessdate=3 September 2013}} 70. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/news/news-2013-08-30#4|title=Bursík set to register new party and plans to run|publisher=Radio Praha|date=30 August 2013|accessdate=3 September 2013}} 71. ^{{cite web|url=http://zpravy.idnes.cz/bursikuv-les-nepujde-do-voleb-d24-/domaci.aspx?c=A130911_183746_domaci_zt|title=Bursík and LES will not run the elections. He does not want to dilute the center-right votes|language=Czech|publisher=iDNES.cz|date=11 September 2013|accessdate=15 September 2013}} 72. ^{{cite web|title=Czech Romanies Form Party to Run in Early Elections|publisher=The Daily Czech Report|url=http://www.thedaily.cz/czech-romanies-form-party-to-run-in-early-elections/#ixzz2e5plbDcm|date=3 September 2013|accessdate=5 September 2013}} 73. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.radio.cz/en/section/curraffrs/as-racial-tensions-simmer-new-romany-party-to-contest-elections|title=As racial tensions simmer, new Romany party to contest elections|publisher=Radio Praha|date=5 September 2013|accessdate=5 September 2013}} 74. ^Volební program Svobodných 75. ^{{cite web|title=Kolik stála kampaň hnutí ANO? 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Novinky.cz. Retrieved on 2013-10-29. 100. ^Hašek chce skoncovat se Sobotkou na mimořádném sjezdu ČSSD –. Novinky.cz. Retrieved on 2013-10-29. 101. ^Je to puč, znělo na Hradě na podporu Sobotky –. Novinky.cz. Retrieved on 2013-10-29. 102. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/319042-cirkevni-restituce-dal-rozdeluji-cssd-a-lidovce.html |title=Církevní restituce dál rozdělují ČSSD a lidovce – |publisher=Novinky.cz |date= |accessdate=2016-04-09}} 103. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/318908-lidovci-cekaji-spory-u-dani-a-cirkevnich-restituci.html |title=Lidovci čekají spory u daní a církevních restitucí – |publisher=Novinky.cz |date= |accessdate=2016-04-09}} 104. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.novinky.cz/domaci/322822-vlada-je-hotova-zeman-se-dostal-do-kouta.html |title=Vláda je hotová, Zeman se dostal do kouta – |publisher=Novinky.cz |date= |accessdate=2016-04-09}} 105. ^Czech parties seal deal on centre-left coalition government Radio Prague, 6 January 2014 External links
3 : Elections to the Chamber of Deputies of the Czech Republic.|2013 elections in the Czech Republic|October 2013 events in Europe |
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