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词条 2013 Savar building collapse
释义

  1. Background

  2. Collapse and rescue

  3. Causes

     Management and safety compliance 

  4. Aftermath

     Bangladesh  Worldwide criticism  Politicians  Advocacy groups  Academia  Consumers  Fashion industry response 

  5. Compensation to victims

  6. Charges

  7. International reaction

  8. See also

  9. References

  10. Further reading

  11. External links

{{Use British English|date=February 2016}}{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2018}}{{Infobox news event
| title = 2013 Savar building collapse
| date = 24 April 2013
|image = Dhaka Savar Building Collapse.jpg
|caption = Aerial view of the building following the disaster
| time = 08:45 am BST (00)[1]
| place = Savar Upazila, Dhaka District, Bangladesh
| coordinates = {{coord|23|50|46|N|90|15|27|E|display=inline,title}}
| also known as = Rana plaza building collapse
| suspects = Sohel Rana
| charges = Murder
| reported injuries = ~Around 2,500[2]
| reported death(s) = 1,134[3]
}}

The 2013 Savar building collapse or Rana Plaza collapse was a structural failure that occurred on 24 April 2013 in the Savar Upazila of Dhaka District, Bangladesh, where an eight-story commercial building named Rana Plaza collapsed. The search for the dead ended on 13 May 2013 with a death toll of 1,134.[3] Approximately 2,500 injured people were rescued from the building alive.[4] It is considered the deadliest structural failure accident in modern human history, and therefore also the deadliest garment-factory accident in history.[5][6]

The building contained clothing factories, a bank, apartments, and several shops. The shops and the bank on the lower floors were immediately closed after cracks were discovered in the building.[7][8][9] The building's owners ignored warnings to avoid using the building after cracks had appeared the day before. Garment workers were ordered to return the following day, and the building collapsed during the morning rush-hour.[11]

Background

The building, Rana Plaza, was owned by Sohel Rana, allegedly a member of the local unit of Jubo League, the youth wing of Bangladesh Awami League, the political party in power.[8][10] It housed a number of separate garment factories employing around 5,000 people, several shops, and a bank.[11] The factories manufactured apparel for brands including Benetton,[15] Bonmarché,[12] the Children's Place,[11] El Corte Inglés,[13] Joe Fresh,[14] Monsoon Accessorize,[15] Mango,[16] Matalan,[16][17] Primark,[18] and Walmart.[19][20]

The head of the Bangladesh Fire Service & Civil Defence, Ali Ahmed Khan, said that the upper four floors had been built without a permit.[21] Rana Plaza's architect, Massood Reza, said the building was planned for shops and offices – but not factories. Other architects stressed the risks involved in placing factories inside a building designed only for shops and offices, noting the structure was potentially not strong enough to bear the weight and vibration of heavy machinery.[22]

On 23 April 2013, a TV channel recorded footage that showed cracks in the Rana Plaza building. Immediately afterward, the building was evacuated,[23] and the shops and the bank on the lower floors were closed.[11][21][24] Later in the day, Sohel Rana said to the media that the building was safe and workers should return tomorrow.[23] Managers at Ether Tex threatened to withhold a month's pay from workers who refused to come to work.[25]

Collapse and rescue

On the morning of 24 April, there was a power outage, and diesel generators on the top floor were started.[26] The building collapsed at about 08:57 am BST,[26] leaving only the ground floor intact.[7] The Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association president confirmed that 3,122 workers were in the building at the time of the collapse.[38] One local resident described the scene as if "an earthquake had struck."[27]

The United Nations' urban search and rescue coordination group – known as the International Search and Rescue Advisory Group, or INSARAG – offered assistance from its members, but this offer was rejected by the government of Bangladesh. The government made a statement suggesting that the area's local rescue emergency services were well equipped.[28] Prior to offering assistance to Bangladesh, the UN held consultations to assess the country's ability to mount an effective rescue operation, and they reached the conclusion that they lacked that capability. Bangladeshi officials, desiring to take "face-saving" actions and protect national sensibilities, refused to accept the assistance offered to them by the UN. A large portion of the rescue operation consisted of inadequately equipped volunteers, many of whom had no protective clothing and wore sandals. Some buried workers drank their own urine to survive the high temperatures, waiting to be saved. Not only was the Bangladeshi government accused of favouring national pride over those buried alive, but many relatives of those trapped in the debris criticised the government for trying to end the rescue mission prematurely.[29]

One of the garment manufacturers' websites indicates that more than half of the victims were women, along with a number of their children who were in nursery facilities within the building.[30] Bangladeshi Home Minister Muhiuddin Khan Alamgir confirmed that fire service personnel, police, and military troops were assisting with the rescue effort.[9] Volunteer rescue workers used bolts of fabric to assist survivors to escape from the building.[31] A national day of mourning was held on 25 April.[9]

On 8 May, army spokesman Mir Rabbi said the army's attempt to recover more bodies from the rubble would continue for at least another week.[46] On 10 May, 17 days after the collapse, a woman named Reshma was found and rescued alive and almost unhurt under the rubble.[32][33][34][35]

Causes

The direct reasons for the building problems were:

  1. Building built on a filled-in pond which compromised structural integrity,&91;23&93;
  2. Conversion from commercial use to industrial use,&91;36&93;
  3. Addition of three floors above the original permit,&91;37&93;
  4. The use of substandard construction material (which led to an overload of the building structure aggravated by vibrations due to the generators).&91;36&93; Those various elements indicated dubious business practices by Sohel Rana and dubious administrative practices in Savar.&91;23&93;&91;56&93;&91;38&93;

One good example to illustrate the dubious administrative practices is the evacuation of the building after the cracks. It was reported that the industrial police first requested the evacuation of the building until an inspection had been conducted.[39][40] It was also reported that Abdur Razak Khan, an engineer, declared the building unsafe and requested public authorities to conduct a more thorough inspection; he was arrested for helping the owner illegally add three floors.[38][41] It is also reported that Kabir Hossain Sardar, the Upazila Nirbahi Officer who visited the site, met with Sohel Rana, and declared the building safe.[42] Sohel Rana said to the media that the building was safe and workers should return to work the next day.[43] One manager of the factories in the Rana Plaza reported that Sohel Rana told them that the building was safe.[44] Managers then requested the workers to go back to work and as a result workers also returned to the factories the next day.

Management and safety compliance

The decision by managers to send workers back into the factories may have been due to the pressure to complete orders on time, putting partial responsibility for the disaster on the short production deadlines preferred by buyers due to the quick changes of designs, referred to as fast fashion. Media including The Guardian have argued the demand for fast fashion and low-cost clothing motivated minimal oversight by clothing brands, and that collectively organised trade unions could have responded to the pressure of management.[45][46][47][48] Others have argued that trade unions would increase workforce costs and thus endanger the Bangladesh garment industry.[49]

Since the Spectrum factory collapse in 2005, prominent manufacturers organised projects like the Ethical Trading Initiative and Business Social Compliance Initiative with the purpose of preventing such disasters in the Bangladesh textile industry and elsewhere.[50] These programs ultimately failed to prevent the Savar building collapse. Despite social compliance audits conducted according to BSCI procedure at two of the factories at Rana Plaza, auditors failed to detect the structural concerns. In a press release following the collapse, BSCI explained that their system did not cover building safety.[51] This has been contested, as the BSCI audit questionnaire required auditors to check building permits, and discrepancies between the permit and the number of floors in practice were evident.[52] Some have argued that the BSCI has weak incentives to report such violations.[53]

More conclusions about causes will be available when the investigation is over and the courts give their decisions.[54]

Aftermath

Bangladesh

The day after the Rana Plaza building collapsed, the Rajdhani Unnayan Kartripakkha (Capital city development authority) filed a case against the owners of the building and the five garment factories operating inside it.[55] On the same day, dozens of survivors were discovered in the remains of the building.[56] Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina had said in Parliament that the name "Sohel Rana" was not in the Jubo League office bearers list; she then ordered the arrest of Sohel Rana and four of the owners of the garment factories operating in the building.[57][58] Sohel Rana was reported to have gone into hiding;[57] however, authorities reported that four other individuals had already been arrested in connection with the collapse.[59]

Two days after the building collapsed, garment workers across the industrial areas of Dhaka, Chittagong and Gazipur rioted, targeting vehicles, commercial buildings and garment factories.[60] The next day, leftist political parties and the Bangladesh Nationalist Party-led 18 Party Alliance demanded the arrest and trial of suspects and an independent commission to identify vulnerable factories.[61] Four days after the building collapsed, the owner of the Rana Plaza, Sohel Rana, was arrested at Benapole, Jessore District, on the Indo-Bangladeshi border, by security forces.[62][63][64][65] On the same day a fire broke out at the disaster site and authorities were forced to temporarily suspend the search for survivors.[66]

On 1 May, during International Workers' Day, thousands of protesting workers paraded through central Dhaka to demand safer working conditions and the death penalty for the owner of Rana Plaza.[67] A week later hundreds of survivors of Bangladesh's worst industrial disaster blocked a main highway to demand wages as the death toll from the collapse passed 700.[68][69] Local government officials said they had been in talks with the Bangladesh Garment Manufacturers and Exporters Association to pay the workers their outstanding April salaries plus a further three months – £97. After officials promised the surviving workers that they would be soon paid, they ended their protest. The government and garment association were compiling a list of surviving employees to establish who must be paid and compensated.[70] The next day, 18 garment plants, including 16 in Dhaka and two in Chittagong, were closed down. Textile minister, Abdul Latif Siddique, told reporters that more plants would be shut as part of strict new measures to ensure safety.[71]

On 5 June, police in Bangladesh fired into the air in an attempt to disperse hundreds of former workers and relatives of the victims of the collapse who were protesting to demand back pay and compensation promised by the government and the Bangladesh Garments Manufacturers and Exporters Association.[72] On 10 June, seven inspectors were suspended and accused of negligence for renewing the licenses of garment factories in the building that collapsed.[73] On 30 August 100 days after the collapse of Rana Plaza, injured workers and family members of those who died there along with workers rights activists inaugurated a memorial for the tragedy, a crude statue of two fists thrusting towards the sky grasping a hammer and sickle. The police attempted to stop the erection of the memorial several times. It remains the only memorial monument for the tragedy.[47][74][75]

On 22 September, at least 50 people were injured when police fired rubber bullets and tear gas into a crowd of protesters who were blocking streets in Dhaka demanding a minimum wage of $100 (8,114 takas) a month.[76] In November, a 10-story garment factory in Gazipur, which supplied Western brands, was allegedly burned down by workers angered over rumours of a colleague's death in police firing.[77]

In March 2014 Rana Plaza owner Sohel Rana was granted six months' bail in the High Court. This prompted angry reactions from labour leaders. However, Rana will not be released from jail as another case filed by police is pending.[78] A December 2015 report, written by the NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights, found that only eight of 3,425 factories inspected had "remedied violations enough to pass a final inspection" despite the international community's $280 million commitment to clean up Bangladesh's RMG industry.[79] In 14 June 2016 Sohel Rana and 17 others were indicted for violating building code in the construction of Rana Plaza.[80] On August 2016 the trial was postponed after defendants filled appeals with the High Court of Bangladesh.[81]

Worldwide criticism

Politicians

Nick Clegg, then UK Deputy PM and leader of the Liberal Democrats said: "... consumers have more power than they think when it comes to making choices about where they shop."[82]Michael Connarty, UK's Falkirk East MP, is calling on the UK Government to push through new legislation to end modern day slavery by forcing major High Street companies in the UK to audit their supply chain. The framework requests that those companies make vigorous checks to ensure slave labour is not used in third world countries and the UK to produce their goods.[83]Karel De Gucht, current European Commissioner for Trade, warned that retailers and the Bangladeshi government could face action from the EU if nothing is done to improve the conditions of workers – adding that shoppers should also consider where they are spending their money.[84]

On 1 May, Pope Francis spoke out against the working conditions in the factory:

A headline that really struck me on the day of the tragedy in Bangladesh was 'Living on 38 euros a month'. That is what the people who died were being paid. This is called slave labour. Today in the world this slavery is being committed against something beautiful that God has given us – the capacity to create, to work, to have dignity. How many brothers and sisters find themselves in this situation! Not paying fairly, not giving a job because you are only looking at balance sheets, only looking at how to make a profit. That goes against God![85][86]

Advocacy groups

Human Rights Watch stated their concern over the number of factory-building tragedies in Bangladesh; there have been numerous major accidents in the country in the past decade, including the 2012 Dhaka fire.[87]IndustriALL Global Union, a global union federation representing textile and garment workers' trade unions around the world, launched an online campaign in support of the Bangladeshi unions' demand for labour law reform in the wake of the disaster. The campaign, hosted on LabourStart, calls for changes in the law to make it easier for unions to organise workers, as well as demanding improved health and safety conditions.[88]

On 27 April, protesters surrounded Primark store on Oxford Street in the City of Westminster in the West End of London. Speaking outside the store, Murray Worthy, from campaign group War on Want, said:

{{quote|We're here to send a clear message to Primark that the 300 deaths in the Bangladesh building collapse were not an accident – they were entirely preventable deaths. If Primark had taken its responsibility to those workers seriously, no one need have died this week.[89]
}}

There have been monthly protests at Benetton's flagship store at Oxford Circus in London since the one year anniversary of the collapse. Benetton initially denied reports linking production of their clothing at the factory, but clothes and documents linked to Benetton were discovered at the disaster site.[90] The protesters are demanding that Benetton contribute to the compensation fund, which they have not yet done.[91]

The Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights established a workers' relief fund, which raised $26,000 for injured workers and surviving family members by September 2013.[92]

Academia

A team of researchers from NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights began their investigation which resulted in an April 2014 report entitled "Business as Usual Is Not an Option: Supply Chains & Sourcing after Rana Plaza."[93] A December 2015 report, written by the NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights, found that only eight of 3,425 factories inspected had "remedied violations enough to pass a final inspection" despite the international community's $280 million commitment to clean up Bangladesh's RMG industry.[79]

Consumers

Dozens of consumers in the United States and Australia spoke out against unsafe working conditions found in the factory building. People also expressed their anger at retailers that did not have any connections to that specific building, but are known to source from factories located in Bangladesh.[94][95]

Fashion industry response

At a meeting of retailers and NGOs a week after the collapse, a new Accord on Factory and Building Safety in Bangladesh was created and a deadline of 16 May was set to sign it.[13] The agreement expands on a previous accord signed only by the US-based PVH, which owns Calvin Klein, and German retailer Tchibo.

Walmart, along with 14 other North American companies, refused to sign the accord as the deadline passed.[96] As of 23 May 2013, thirty-eight companies had signed the accord.[97] Walmart, J.C. Penney and labour activists have been considering an agreement to improve factory safety in Bangladesh for at least two years.[98] In 2011, Walmart rejected reforms that would have had retailers pay more for apparel to help Bangladesh factories improve safety standards.[20][99]

On 10 July 2013, a group of 17 major North American retailers, including Walmart, Gap, Target and Macy's, announced a plan to improve factory safety in Bangladesh, drawing immediate criticism from labour groups who complained that it was less stringent than an accord reached among European companies. Unlike the accord joined mainly by European retailers, the plan lacks legally binding commitments to pay for those improvements.[100]

Dov Charney, the founder and former CEO of American Apparel, was interviewed on Vice.tv and spoke out against the poor treatment of workers in developing countries and refers to it as "slave labor". Charney proposes a "Global Garment Workers Minimum Wage" as well discusses in detail many of the inner workings of the modern fast fashion industry commerce practices that leads to dangerous factory conditions like at Savar.[101]

Compensation to victims

As of mid-September 2013, compensations to families of disaster victims were still under discussion, with many families struggling to survive after having lost a major wage earner.[102] Families who had received the $200 compensation from Primark were only those able to provide DNA evidence of their relative's death in the collapse, which proved extremely difficult.[103] The US government provided DNA kits to the families of victims.[103]

Of the 29 brands identified as having sourced products from the Rana Plaza factories, only 9 attended meetings held in November 2013 to agree a proposal on compensation to the victims. Several companies refused to sign including Walmart, Carrefour, Mango, Auchan and KiK. The agreement was signed by Primark, Loblaw, Bonmarche and El Corte Ingles.[104] By March 2014, seven of the 28 international brands sourcing products from Rana Plaza had contributed to the Rana Plaza Donor’s Trust Fund compensation fund, which is backed by the International Labour Organization.[105]

More than 2 dozen victims' families have not been compensated as they could not back up their claims with documentation.[106]

Charges

On 15 June 2014 Bangladesh Anti Corruption Commission filed a case against 14 people for building Rana Plaza with faulty design.[37] On 1 June 2015, murder charges were filed by Bangladesh police against 42 different people, including the owners of the building, over the collapse.[107][108] The accused were indicted on 28 July 2016. The case was delayed after Bangladesh High Court stopped trial proceeding against 5 accused including Savar Municipal Mayor Refayat Ullah.[109]

On 29 August 2017, the factory owner, Sohel Rana, was sentenced to a maximum three year imprisonment by a court for failing to declare his personal wealth to the country's anti-graft commission and other charges, including murder.[110]

International reaction

The Savar building collapse has led to widespread discussions about corporate social responsibility across global supply chains. Based on an analysis of the Savar building collapse, Wieland and Handfield (2013) suggest that companies need to audit products and suppliers; and that supplier auditing needs to go beyond direct relationships with first-tier suppliers. They also demonstrate that visibility must be improved if supply cannot be directly controlled, and that smart and electronic technologies play a key role to improve visibility. Finally, they highlight that collaboration with local partners, across the industry and with universities is crucial to successfully managing social responsibility in supply chains.[111]

Bangladesh Garment Sramik Sanghati, an organisation working for the welfare of the workers, has called on the government, international buyers and factory owners to compensate survivors and victims' families. The group has also asked that April 24 be declared Labor Safety Day in the country.

Global labour and rights groups have criticised Western retailers and say they are not doing enough to ensure the safety at factories where their clothes are made. The companies linked to the Rana Plaza disaster include the Spanish brand Mango, Italian brand Benetton and French retailer Auchan.[112]

On 24 April 2014, thousands of people gathered at an event held to commemorate the first anniversary of the disaster near the building site.[113]

See also

  • Exploitation of labour
  • Final Embrace
  • Sweatshop
  • The True Cost
  • Other garment factory disasters:
    • Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire (1911)
    • Pakistan garment factory fires (2012)
  • Other building collapses:
    • Pemberton Mill (1860 collapse)
    • Sampoong Department Store collapse (1995)
    • Thane building collapse (2013)
    • Riga supermarket roof collapse (2013)
  • Organizations
    • Alliance for Bangladesh Worker Safety

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34. ^{{cite news |last=Rahman |first=Rafiqur |date=11 May 2013 |title=Woman pulled alive from rubble of Bangladesh factory |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/10/us-bangladesh-collapse-idUSBRE94905V20130510 |agency=Reuters |access-date=26 August 2013}}
35. ^{{cite news |date=10 May 2013 |title=Bangladesh factory collapse survivor pulled from rubble after 17 days trapped |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-202_162-57583847/bangladesh-factory-collapse-survivor-pulled-from-rubble-after-17-days-trapped/ |work=CBS News |access-date=26 August 2013}}
36. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-22404461|title=Power generators linked to Dhaka building collapse|date=3 May 2013|work=BBC News|access-date=16 April 2017|language=en-GB}}
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38. ^1 {{cite news |date=3 May 2013 |title=Bangladesh Official: Disaster not really serious |url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2013/05/03/bangladesh-official-disaster/2134531/ |newspaper=USA Today |agency=Associated Press}}
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66. ^Alam, Julhas and Blake, Chris (28 April 2013). "Bangladesh Building Collapse: Fire Breaks Out In Factory Wreckage". Huffington Post. Retrieved 28 April 2013.
67. ^Blake, Chris and Hossian, Farid (1 May 2013). "Bangladesh Building Collapse: Protesters Demand Worker Safety As Death Toll Tops 400" Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
68. ^{{cite web |title=Survivors demand wages after building collapse |url=http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/international/2013-05-07/survivors-demand-wages-after-building-collapse/1127430 |agency=Agence France-Presse |accessdate=8 May 2013}}
69. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-22431151 |title=Bangladesh building collapse death toll passes 700 |publisher=BBC |date=7 May 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}}
70. ^{{cite news |author=David, Dean |author2=Bergman, Nelson |title=Bangladesh building collapse: Dhaka buildings not given final safety clearance |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/bangladesh/10041197/Bangladesh-building-collapse-Dhaka-buildings-not-given-final-safety-clearance.html |work=The Telegraph |accessdate=8 May 2013 |location=London |date=7 May 2013}}
71. ^{{cite news |title=Bangladesh shuts 18 garment factories after disaster |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/bangladesh-shuts-18-garment-factories-af/667892.html |agency=Agence France-Presse |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130616185416/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/bangladesh-shuts-18-garment-factories-af/667892.html |archive-date=16 June 2013 |access-date=8 May 2013}}
72. ^Burke, Jason and Hammadi, Saad (5 June 2013). [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jun/05/bangladesh-police-fire-garment-factory-protesters Bangladesh police open fire at collapsed garment factory protest]. The Guardian. Retrieved 7 June 2013.
73. ^{{cite news |title=BANGLADESH SAYS 7 FAILED TO CHECK DOOMED FACTORIES |url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/bangladesh-says-7-failed-check-doomed-factories |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=10 June 2013}}
74. ^Adil Sakhawat (30 August 2013). Mourners, rights activists throng Savar {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150120062456/http://www.dhakatribune.com/labour/2013/aug/03/mourners-rights-activists-throng-savar |date=20 January 2015 }}. Dhaka Tribune. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
75. ^Jim Yardley (18 December 2013). [https://www.nytimes.com/2013/12/19/world/asia/after-collapse-bleak-struggle.html?pagewanted=all After Bangladesh Factory Collapse, Bleak Struggle for Survivors]. The New York Times. Retrieved 19 January 2015.
76. ^Police Fire Rubber Bullets At Bangladesh Factory Protesters Demanding Higher Wages {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925022257/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/22/bangladesh-factory-protests_n_3971782.html |date=25 September 2013 }} The Huffington Post, 22 September 2013. Retrieved 22 September 2013.
77. ^Serajul Quadir (29 November 2013).[https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/11/29/us-bangladesh-garments-fire-idUSBRE9AS05I20131129 Huge Bangladesh fire destroys key garments factory]. Reuters. Retrieved 2 January 2014.
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79. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2015/12/bangladesh-factory-workers/421005/ |title=Are Factories in Bangladesh Any Safer Now? |publisher=The Atlantic |date=17 December 2015 |accessdate=17 December 2015 |author=White, Gillian B.}}
80. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/country/sohel-rana-17-others-indicted-code-violation-1239493|title=Sohel Rana, 17 others indicted for building code violation|date=14 June 2016|work=The Daily Star|access-date=27 March 2017|language=en}}
81. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2016/08/rana-plaza-tragedy-bangladesh-puts-18-trial-160823051641161.html|title=Rana Plaza tragedy: Bangladesh puts 18 on trial |work=Al Jazeera |access-date=27 March 2017}}
82. ^{{cite news |last=Mason |first=Rowena |title=Nick Clegg: I shop in Primark without a 'moral calculator' |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/politics/nick-clegg/10030129/Nick-Clegg-I-shop-in-Primark-without-a-moral-calculator.html |work=The Telegraph |location=London |date=1 May 2013}}
83. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.falkirkherald.co.uk/news/local-headlines/abolish-slave-trade-1-2917850 |title=Abolish slave trade, 7 May 2013 |newspaper=Falkirk Herald |date=7 May 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}}
84. ^{{cite news |last=Hastings |first=Rob |title=Top EU official: British MPs know nothing about Europe and pulling out of the EU would be 'a clear disaster' for Britain |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/top-eu-official-british-mps-know-nothing-about-europe-and-pulling-out-of-the-eu-would-be-a-clear-disaster-for-britain-8605212.html |work=The Independent |accessdate=8 May 2013 |location=London |date=6 May 2013}}
85. ^Pope Francis Condemns 'Slave Labor' In Bangladesh: 'Goes Against God'. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 1 May 2013.
86. ^Oxfam reaction to the Savar building collapse in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
87. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/beta2/news/tragedy-shows-urgency-of-worker-protections-hrw/ |title=Tragedy shows urgency of worker protections: HRW |accessdate=29 April 2013 |date=26 April 2013 |newspaper=The Daily Star}}
88. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.labourstartcampaigns.net/show_campaign.cgi?c=1813 |title=Make garment factories in Bangladesh safe |publisher=LabourStart |accessdate=26 April 2013 |date=26 April 2013}}
89. ^{{cite news |author=Metro UK |url=http://metro.co.uk/2013/04/27/bangladesh-factory-protesters-surround-primark-store-on-oxford-street-3669147/ |title=Protesters surround Primark store on Oxford Street following Bangladesh factory deaths |newspaper=Metro |location=UK |date=27 April 2013 |accessdate=26 August 2013}}
90. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.twitlonger.com/show/n_1rjumi2 |title=Benetton denies to have any involvement with Bangladesh factory in their Tweet}}
91. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.indymedia.org.uk/en/2014/04/516416.html |title=Benetton stores targeted by global protests |website=Indymedia UK |first=Beth |last=Tichborne |date=26 April 2014}}
92. ^It Has Saved Our Lives {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150511185042/http://www.globallabourrights.org/alerts/it-has-saved-our-lives |date=11 May 2015 }}. Institute for Global Labour and Human Rights, 17 September 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2014.
93. ^{{cite report |location=New York City |author1=Labowitz, Sarah |author2=Baumann-Pauly, Dorothée |accessdate=17 December 2015 |date=16 April 2014 |title=Business as Usual Is Not an Option: Supply Chains & Sourcing after Rana Plaza |url=https://www.stern.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/assets/documents/con_047408.pdf |format=PDF |work=NYU Stern Center for Business and Human Rights |pages=64}}
94. ^{{cite web |last1=Khan |first1=Rimi |title=THREE YEARS ON FROM RANA PLAZA, IS THERE ANYTHING TO FEEL GOOD ABOUT? |url=https://www.sbs.com.au/news/the-feed/three-years-on-from-rana-plaza-is-there-anything-to-feel-good-about |website=The Feed |publisher=Special Broadcasting Service |accessdate=19 August 2018}}
95. ^{{cite news |last=Fox |first=Emily Jane |title=Shoppers lash out at stores over Bangladesh |url=http://money.cnn.com/2013/05/01/news/companies/bangladesh-factory-shoppers/index.html |publisher=CNN Money |accessdate=2 May 2013 |date=1 May 2013}}
96. ^Bangladesh Factory Safety Accord: At Least 14 Major North American Retailers Decline To Sign. The Huffington Post. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
97. ^{{cite web |title=Global brands pull together on Bangladesh safety deal |website=IndustriALL press release |date=23 May 2013 |url=http://www.industriall-union.org/global-brands-pull-together-on-bangladesh-safety-deal}}
98. ^1 {{cite news |last=Devnath |first=Arun |date=8 May 2013 |title=Bangladesh Orders Factory Closings as Collapse Toll Hits 804 |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-05-08/bangladesh-garment-factory-building-collapse-toll-reaches-782.html |work=Bloomberg Business |access-date=8 May 2013}}
99. ^Greenhouse, Steven (5 December 2012). [https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/06/world/asia/3-walmart-suppliers-made-goods-in-bangladeshi-factory-where-112-died-in-fire.html Documents Indicate Walmart Blocked Safety Push in Bangladesh]. The New York Times. Retrieved 9 May 2013.
100. ^{{cite news |title=U.S. Retailers Offer Plan for Safety at Factories |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/07/11/business/global/us-retailers-offer-safety-plan-for-bangladeshi-factories.html?_r=0 |accessdate=10 July 2013 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=10 July 2013 |author=Steven Greenhouse |author2=Stephanie Clifford |last-author-amp=yes}}
101. ^{{cite web |title=Dov Charney on Modern Day Sweat Shops: VICE Podcast 006 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CG_T1fY3KTk}}
102. ^{{cite news |title=Garment makers to discuss Bangladesh compensation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-24042776 |work=BBC News |date=11 September 2013}}
103. ^1 Dhaka factory collapse: No compensation without DNA identificationBy Jane Deith, BBC News, Dhaka, 16 September 2013, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-24080579
104. ^{{Citation |title=Buyers' compensation for Rana Plaza victims far from reality |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2013/nov/17/buyers%E2%80%99-compensation-rana-plaza-victims-far-reality |year=2013 |author=Ovi, Ibrahim Hossain |accessdate=16 December 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160325223918/http://www.dhakatribune.com/business/2013/nov/17/buyers%e2%80%99-compensation-rana-plaza-victims-far-reality |archivedate=25 March 2016 |df=dmy-all }}
105. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2014/03/14/rana_plaza_compensation_fund_short_millions.html |title=Rana Plaza compensation fund short millions |last=Aulakh |first=Raveena |newspaper=Toronto Star |publisher=Star Media Group |date=14 March 2014 |accessdate=15 March 2014}}
106. ^{{cite news |title=Bangladesh Rana Plaza Incident: 130 Families face the agony of Missing Bodies |url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2015/04/bangladesh-rana-plaza-incident-130-families-face-the-agony-of-missing-bodies/ |accessdate=23 April 2015 |publisher=news.biharprabha.com |date=23 April 2015}}
107. ^{{cite news |url=http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2015/6/1/bangladesh-garment-factory-murder.html |title=Bangladesh files murder charges over Rana Plaza collapse |work=Al Jazeera America |date=1 June 2015 |accessdate=1 June 2015}}
108. ^{{cite magazine |url=http://time.com/3902945/rana-plaza-murder-charges-owner-sohel-rana/ |title=Bangladesh Factory Owner Charged With Murder Over Rana Plaza Collapse |magazine=Time |date=1 June 2015 |accessdate=1 June 2015 |author=Inani, Rohit}}
109. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2017/04/24/67913/Rana-Plaza:-Still-no-justice|title=Rana Plaza: Still no justice |newspaper=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |access-date=30 April 2017}}
110. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-41082448|title=Rana Plaza collapse: Sohel Rana jailed for corruption|publisher=BBC News|date=29 August 2017}}
111. ^Andreas Wieland and Robert B. Handfield (2013): The Socially Responsible Supply Chain: An Imperative for Global Corporations. Supply Chain Management Review, Vol. 17, No. 5.
112. ^{{Cite news |title=Thousands mourn collapse victims of Rana Plaza garment factory one year on |work=Deutsche Welle |accessdate=20 July 2014 |date=24 April 2014 |url=http://www.dw.de/thousands-mourn-collapse-victims-of-rana-plaza-garment-factory-one-year-on/a-17589288}}
113. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/24/rana-plaza-factory-disaster-anniversary-protests|title=Rana Plaza factory disaster anniversary marked by protests|last=France-Presse|first=Agence|date=24 April 2014|work=The Guardian|access-date=30 April 2017|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077}}

Further reading

  • Heartbreaking Bangladesh Factory Photo Shows Couple In Final Embrace (PHOTO). The Huffington Post. 8 May 2013.
  • Smile, Work and Die. Vijay Prashad. Truthdig. 26 April 2013.
  • [https://www.thestar.com/news/world/2013/05/14/bangladesh_factory_collapse_clothes_made_for_a_tenth_of_retail_price_documents_show.html Bangladesh factory collapse: Clothes made for a tenth of retail price, documents show | Toronto Star]—Toronto Star, 14 May 2013
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ukcRfrEIYQo Will Retailers Invest in Safer Conditions in Bangladesh? – YouTube] (7:43)—PBS NewsHour interview
  • {{cite book |chapter=Towards Sustainable Labour Costing in UK Fashion Retail |chapter-url=http://www.capturingthegains.org/pdf/ctg-wp-2013-14.pdf |date=February 2013 |ssrn=2212100 |first=Doug |last=Miller |title=Capturing the Gains |isbn=978-1-907247-86-6}}
  • [https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/a-year-after-rana-plaza-what-hasnt-changed-since-the-bangladesh-factory-collapse/2014/04/18/9a06f266-c1c3-11e3-b195-dd0c1174052c_story.html A year after Rana Plaza: What hasn’t changed since the Bangladesh factory collapse], Washington Post, 18 April 2014
  • [https://www.theguardian.com/global-development-professionals-network/2014/apr/24/rana-plaza-garment-workers-bangladesh 'Without stronger unions, Rana Plaza will happen time and time again']. The Guardian. 24 April 2014.
  • 27 Arrested at The Children’s Place HQ in Protest over Factory Collapse. Democracy Now! 13 March 2015.
  • {{cite journal |last=Akhter |first=Shamima |date=March 2014 |title=Endless misery of nimble fingers: the Rana Plaza disaster |url=http://www.adpc.net/igo/category/ID596/doc/2014-pul8Ob-ADPC-ADPC_paper_on_women.pdf |journal=Asian Journal of Women's Studies |volume=20 |issue=1 |pages=137–147 |doi=10.1080/12259276.2014.11666176 |ref=harv |postscript=. }}

External links

{{commons category|2013 Savar building collapse}}
  • Help the humanitarian relief effort in Savar | Industriall—IndustriALL Global Union
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onD5UOP5z_c Made in Bangladesh]—The Fifth Estate (TV series)—YouTube (42:40)
{{Occupational safety and health}}{{Social accountability}}{{Portal bar|Bangladesh|2010s|Fire|Disasters}}

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