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词条 2013 Tasmanian bushfires
释义

  1. November/December 2012

  2. January 2013

  3. February 2013

  4. March and April 2013

  5. Response

  6. Assistance to victims

  7. Reactions

  8. Giblin River

  9. See also

  10. References

     Further reading 

  11. External links

{{Use Australian English|date=January 2013}}{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2013}}{{Infobox wildfire
|title= 2013 Tasmanian bushfires
|image= Copping fire 4 Jan 2013.jpg
|caption=Fires at Forcett/Copping on 4 January
|location= Central Highlands, East coast (Bicheno), Forestier and Tasman Peninsulas
|cost= 69+ million
|date= January 2013
|cause = Lightning,[1] abandoned campfire[2]
Accidental (Forcett fire)[3]
|landuse= Mixed, residential and bush
|area = {{convert|20000|ha|acre|lk=on}}[4]
|fatalities= 1 firefighter[4]
|injuries= Unknown
|buildings = At least 170[5]
}}

The 2013 Tasmanian bushfires were a series of bushfires which occurred in south-eastern Tasmania between November 2012 and late April 2013.[6][7]

It was predicted{{by whom|date=January 2019}} early on that the 2012-13 fire season had the potential to be worse than usual. High fuel loads coupled with dry, hot and windy conditions pointed to potential danger. The Tasmania Fire Service implemented a media campaign intended to increase community preparedness and awareness of what to do if bushfires threatened, however, nobody predicted that the fire season would last for almost 6 months, a duration unprecedented in recorded Tasmanian history.

November/December 2012

During November and December 2012, several significant fire incidents took place,[6] including one fire at Forcett, Tasmania in the state's south-east. Several firefighters involved in this incident were injured due to a wind change on 29 November 2012.[8][9] Another major fire in the central lakes region (Interlaken Rd, Steppes) was originally reported on the 18th of December 2012 and was still burning in the middle of January.[10] There were other blazes at Glenlusk, on the outskirts of Hobart City, which destroyed several vehicles and some makeshift dwellings or shacks,[9] while another fire at Rhyndaston Road, Rhyndaston, took weeks to control. Extensive efforts were made to control these fires before the expected heat wave at the start of January 2013.

January 2013

During the 3rd and 4th of January 2013, most of the southern and eastern portion of the Australian continent experienced a heat wave[11] (nicknamed the Angry Summer) which caused a number of fires to spread across the country. The most devastating of these happened in Tasmania, where several large bushfires burnt out of control.[12][13] The fires were intensified by the heatwave,[14] with Hobart, at 4:05 pm on 4 January, experiencing 41.8° C (107.2 °F): the city's highest temperature since records began in 1882.[15][16]

Communities affected by the fires included Bicheno,[20] Boomer Bay, Connelly’s Marsh, Copping, Dunalley,[17] Eaglehawk Neck, Forcett, Murdunna, Primrose Sands, Sommers Bay, Susans Bay, and Taranna.[18][19] By the 5th of January 2013, up to 40 fires were burning across Tasmania and at least one hundred properties were destroyed.[20] More than {{convert|20000|ha|acre|lk=on}} of bushland were burnt out[21] and some of the buildings lost included sixty-five in Dunalley (including the police station, primary school and bakery),[18]fifteen in nearby Boomer Bay, twelve in Bicheno,[22] and fourteen in Sommers Bay.[19]

Communities on the Tasman and Forestier Peninsulas in south-east Tasmania were forced to flee fires coming down from the north, engulfing the only road out of the area and destroying much of Dunalley. A seaborne rescue operation described as "huge"{{by whom|date=January 2019}} was launched for the thousands of people sheltering on beaches, in boats, and at the Port Arthur historic site. More than two thousand people were ferried to safety by police, commercial vessel operators and private volunteers, and another two thousand took refuge at a community centre at Nubeena.[23]

February 2013

Firefighters in the southern half of the state were concerned that a return of the hot weather from the mainland in early February would see a return to elevated fire danger. Attempts were made to ensure that the community understood that the fire season was not yet over.[24] There was concern about a possible repeat of conditions similar to those during the 1967 fires, or the 1933-34 season.[25] On the 6th of February 2013, a significant fire started on Glen Dhu Road in the Molesworth area[26] and spread rapidly, with swirling winds causing unusual and unpredictable fire behavior.[27] Due to the rugged nature of the terrain, water-bombing helicopters were used extensively, despite significant dangers posed by high-power transmission lines and smoke. One helicopter (a Firebird 427) crashed while fighting the blaze, though the pilot survived.[27] At least two other major blazes were fought on the same date, with blazes at Franklin in the Huon Valley, and Lefroy, near Georgetown.[28]

March and April 2013

Several fires occurred in early March, including one at Risdon Vale, an eastern shore suburb of Hobart.[29][30] Starting on rugged terrain on the 6th of March 2013, this fast-moving fire directly threatened homes almost immediately. At least 20 crews from the Tasmania Fire Service responded.[29][31] The fire spread to the south and east of Risdon Vale, eventually threatening homes on Richmond Road and Cambridge a week later.[32] The fires continued to burn until a major spate of fires occurred on the 27th of April 2013, the most dangerous of which was at Tea Tree Road, Tea Tree, and which spread into the Coal River Valley, threatening Richmond before it was brought under control by Tasmania Fire Service crews.[7]

Response

Prime Minister Julia Gillard toured Sorell and Dunalley on the 7th of January.[33]

New Zealand sent twelve of its firefighters on a sixteen-day mission to help battle the blazes.[34] One New Zealand firefighter said the conditions were considerably different from what they were used to at home, and that burnt-out falling trees were a real threat to safety.[35] Firefighters and incident managers from Victoria were also deployed.[36]

On the 13th of January, a Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment firefighter, Peter Cramer, 61, died of natural causes while carrying out a reconnaissance on the southern edge of the Forcett fire near the hamlet of Taranna.[37] His body was found about {{convert|2|km|mi|lk=on}} from the southern edge fire front. On the same day, the Arthur Highway on the Tasman Peninsula was reopened after the fire that started on the 3rd of January had burnt out an area of over {{convert|24060|ha|acre|lk=on}}.[38]

Assistance to victims

On the 6th of January, the Minister for Emergency Management Nicola Roxon announced that the Federal Government would be giving {{AUD}}1,000 to Tasmanians affected by the bushfire.[39]

The Red Cross established a specific fund to assist victims and affected communities.[40]

Reactions

On the 6th of January, Queen Elizabeth sent a message expressing her concern for the victims of the bushfires in Tasmania. The message was passed on by Tasmanian Governor Peter Underwood, and read;[41]

{{cquote|I would like to convey my deep concern for all those who have been affected by the devastating bushfires that have caused widespread destruction across Tasmania.

I send my sympathy to those people who have lost their homes or livelihoods in the fires, and offer my support and admiration for the firefighters, volunteers and emergency services officers who have been working tirelessly to contain the situation.}}

The Catholic Archbishop of Hobart, The Most Reverend Adrian Doyle, received a message from Pope Benedict XVI saying that the Pope was saddened about the widespread destruction and thanking firefighters and emergency workers.[42]

Giblin River

A large fire on the Giblin River in January 2013 was not attended to[43] and burnt a considerable amount of land in the Southwest National Park.[44]

See also

{{Portalbar|Tasmania|2010s|Fire}}
  • 2016 Tasmanian bushfires

References

1. ^{{cite news|title=Smoke to continue to affect Southern Tasmania|url=http://www.examiner.com.au/story/1219072/smoke-to-continue-to-affect-southern-tasmania/?cs=95|accessdate=6 January 2013|newspaper=The Examiner| location=Tasmania| date=6 January 2013}}
2. ^{{cite news| last=Dawtrey| first=Zara| title=Firies struggle as heat rises| url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/01/04/369640_tasmania-news.html| accessdate=6 January 2013| newspaper=The Mercury| date=4 January 2013 | location=Hobart}}
3. ^{{cite media release| title=Forcett fire - cause determined| url=http://www.police.tas.gov.au/news/posts/view/3789/Forcett+fire+-+cause+determined/| publisher=Tasmanian Police (www.police.tas.gov.au).| accessdate=9 January 2013| author=Tasmania Police Media & Communications| date=8 January 2013 | quote=The cause has been determined as of an accidental nature with the fire emanating from an old fire in a burnt out tree stump at Forcett.}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=Firefighter dies in Tasmania while fire threatens world-leading observatory in NSW|url=http://www.news.com.au/national/firefighter-dies-in-tasmania-while-fire-threatens-world-leading-observatory-in-nsw/story-fncynjr2-1226553241354|accessdate=14 January 2013|newspaper=news.com.au|date=14 January 2013}}
5. ^{{cite news|last=Sands|first=Mark|title=New Tasmanian fire destroys 30 homes|url=http://www.postonline.co.uk/post/news/2237033/new-tasmanian-fire-destroys-30-homes|accessdate=18 January 2013|newspaper=Post Online|date=18 January 2013}}
6. ^1 {{cite news|last=Kempton|first=Helen|title=Our Fantastic Firies|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2012/12/04/367570_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=8 February 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=4 December 2012}}
7. ^1 {{cite news|last=Staff|title=Busy Day for Fire Crews|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/04/27/377953_todays-news.html|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=27 April 2013}}
8. ^{{cite news|last=Fair|first=Alex|title=Seven Firefighters Hurt|url=http://www.examiner.com.au/story/1157693/seven-firefighters-hurt/|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Examiner|date=30 November 2012}}
9. ^1 {{cite news|last=Paine|first=Michelle|title=Fire Fury Hits Tassie|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2012/12/01/367448_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=1 December 2012}}
10. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Matt|title=Aurora Winning Battle|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/01/15/370357_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=15 January 2013}}
11. ^{{cite news|title=Fire risk high as southern states swelter|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-01-04/fire-risk-high-as-southern-states-swelter/4452306|accessdate=6 January 2013|publisher=ABC News (Australia)|date=4 January 2013}}
12. ^{{cite news|last=Staff|title=Tasmanian Fire Crews Battling Multiple Blazes|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-01-03/alerts-on-tasmanian-bushfires/4451510|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=ABC Online|date=4 January 2013}}
13. ^{{cite news|last=Staff|title=Hot Spots Putting Up Fight|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/01/25/371014_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=25 January 2013}}
14. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-01-04/forcett-fire-places-homes-at-risk/4453038 |title=Fires rage across Tasmania |publisher=ABC News (Australia) |date=4 January 2013 |accessdate=5 January 2013}}
15. ^{{cite news| last=Lord |first=Elizabeth| title=Hottest for 130 years| url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/01/05/369686_tasmania-news.html| accessdate=5 January 2013| newspaper=The Mercury | location=Hobart| date=5 January 2013}}
16. ^{{cite web|last=Bureau of Meteorology|title=Tasmania in January 2013: Record heat, little rain|url=http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/current/month/tas/archive/201301.summary.shtml|work=BOM Tasmania Monthly Climate Summary, January, 2013|publisher=Bureau of Meteorology|accessdate=23 July 2013}}
17. ^Paull, John (2013) "Dunalley, Tasmania: The Ashes of 2013", A Photographic Exhibition.
18. ^1 {{cite media release|title=Fires update 0800 |url=http://www.police.tas.gov.au/news/posts/view/3768/fires-update-0800/ |publisher=Tasmanian Police |accessdate=6 January 2013 |author=Tasmania Police Media & Communications |date=5 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131030045812/http://www.police.tas.gov.au/news/posts/view/3768/fires-update-0800/ |archivedate=30 October 2013 |df=dmy }}
19. ^1 {{cite media release| title=Fires update at 10am| url=http://www.police.tas.gov.au/news/posts/view/3778/fires-update-at-10am/| publisher=Tasmanian Police |accessdate=7 January 2013| author=Tasmania Police Media & Communications| date=7 January 2013 }}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-01-05/conditions-cool-as-fires-devastate-tasmania/4453532|title=Thousands stranded as fires devastate Tasmania|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporationdate=5 January 2012|accessdate=18 January 2012}}
21. ^1 {{cite news| last=Killick| first=David| title=Police search burnt premises| url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/01/06/369806_tasmania-news.html| accessdate=6 January 2013| newspaper=The Mercury| location=Hobart | date=6 January 2013}}
22. ^1 {{cite news|title=Thousand flee fire storms |url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/01/05/369692_tasmania-news.html |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130219171034/http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/01/05/369692_tasmania-news.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=19 February 2013 |accessdate=5 January 2013 |newspaper=The Mercury |location=Hobart |date=5 January 2013 |author=Mather, Anne |author2=Killick, Dave |author3=Dawtrey, Zara }}
23. ^{{cite news|title=Mass Rescue as Thousands Flee Tasmanian Fires|url=http://www.brisbanetimes.com.au/national/mass-rescue-as-thousands-flee-tasmanian-fires-20130105-2ca9i.html|accessdate=6 January 2013| newspaper=Brisbane Times|date=6 January 2013|author=Stark, Jill}}
24. ^{{cite news|last=Benuick|first=David|title=Tas Peak Fire Period Still Weeks Away|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/tas-peak-bushfire-period-still-weeks-away/story-fn3dxiwe-1226552270273|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Australian|date=11 January 2013}}
25. ^{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Matt|title=Tassie Inferno Inevitable|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/02/06/371788_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=6 February 2013}}
26. ^{{cite news|last=Killick|first=David|title=Molesworth Fire Alert|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/02/07/371833_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=7 February 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=7 February 2013}}
27. ^1 {{cite news|last=Dawtree|first=Zara|title=Fire Torment Continues|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/02/08/371968_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=8 February 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=8 February 2013}}
28. ^{{cite news|last=AAP|title=Pilot Rescued as Tas Fire Threat Lowered|url=http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/national/pilot-rescued-as-tas-fire-threat-lowered/story-e6frfku9-1226573081459|accessdate=8 February 2013|newspaper=News.com.au|date=8 February 2013}}
29. ^1 {{cite news|last=Raabus|first=Carol|title=Risdon Vale Bushfire Cuts Power to East Coast|url=http://www.abc.net.au/local/stories/2013/03/06/3709566.htm|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=ABC Radio 936 Online|date=6 March 2013}}
30. ^{{cite news|last=Clark|first=Nick|title=Air Crews Fight Risdon Vale Fire|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/03/06/373963_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=6 March 2013}}
31. ^{{cite news|last=Staff|title=Risdon Vale Homes Saved From Blaze|url=http://www.examiner.com.au/story/1347500/risdon-vale-homes-saved-from-blaze/|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=The Examiner|date=7 March 2013}}
32. ^{{cite news|last=Dawtrey|first=Zara|title=Risdon Fire Flares UP|url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/03/13/374536_tasmania-news.html|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=The Mercury|date=13 March 2013}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=Australia bushfires: Tasmania search for 100 'missing'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-20925716|accessdate=6 January 2013|publisher =BBC News|date=6 January 2013}}
34. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.3news.co.nz/NZ-firefighters-arrive-in-Melbourne-to-help-out/tabid/417/articleID/282497/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ | first=Sanele| last=Chadwick | title= NZ firefighters lend a hand|date=9 January 2013| accessdate=9 January 2013}}
35. ^{{cite news| url= http://www.3news.co.nz/Firefighters-dodge-falling-trees-in-Australia/tabid/423/articleID/284258/Default.aspx|work=3 News NZ | title= Firefighters dodge falling trees| date=24 January 2013}}
36. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.cfa.vic.gov.au/news-in-brief/item/423-cfa-from-the-tasmanian-fireground.html|work=CFA News Release | first=Leith | last=Hillard | title= CFA from the Tasmanian fireground | date=7 January 2013 | accessdate=11 January 2013 }}
37. ^{{cite news|last=AAP|title=Fire chiefs pay tribute to fallen volunteer Peter Cramer|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/in-depth/bushfires/tas-govt-thanks-fallen-vic-firefighter/story-fngw0i02-1226553243580|accessdate=24 June 2013|newspaper=The Australian|date=14 January 2013}}
38. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/national/firefighter-dies-in-tasmania-while-fire-threatens-world-leading-observatory-in-nsw/story-fncvk70o-1226553241354| title=Firefighter dies in Tasmania while fire threatens world-leading observatory in NSW | work=The Daily Telegraph|publisher=News Limited| date=14 January 2013| accessdate=14 January 2013}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.smh.com.au/national/1000-relief-aid-for-tasmania-bushfire-victims-20130106-2cavh.html| title=$1000 relief aid for Tasmania bushfire victims| last=Hasham| first=Nicole |work=The Sydney Morning Herald| date=6 January 2013| accessdate=6 January 2013}}
40. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.themercury.com.au/article/2013/01/09/369982_tasmania-news.html| last=Lord| first=Elizabeth| title=Donations surge to $1.5m| date=9 January 2013 | work = The Mercury (Hobart)| accessdate= 9 January 2013}}
41. ^{{cite news|title=Queen sends thoughts to Tas fire victims| url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/breaking-news/queen-sends-thoughts-to-tas-fire-victims/story-fn3dxiwe-1226548326325| accessdate=6 January 2013| agency=AAP| newspaper=The Australian| date=6 January 2013}}
42. ^{{cite news|url=http://au.news.yahoo.com/latest/a/-/article/15781195/tasmanian-fire-threats-downgraded-but-alerts-remain/| title=Tasmanian fire threats downgraded but alerts remain| publisher = ABC News (Australia)| accessdate= 10 January 2013 | work= | date= 9 January 2013 }}
43. ^Fire uncontained | The Australian
44. ^NASA earthobservatory view of January 2013 fire area |NASA

Further reading

  • {{cite news |last= Henley |first= Jon |date=22 May 2013 |title= Firestorm |url= https://www.theguardian.com/world/interactive/2013/may/26/firestorm-bushfire-dunalley-holmes-family |newspaper=The Guardian |location= London |publisher=Guardian News and Media |accessdate= }}

External links

{{Commons category|2013 Tasmanian bushfires}}
  • Photo gallery of the fires
  • Tasmanian Fire Service - Incident Map
{{Bushfires in Australia}}

5 : 2013 in Australia|2013 wildfires|Bushfires in Tasmania|Disasters in Tasmania|21st century in Tasmania
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