词条 | 2014 Costa Rican general election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
| election_name = Costa Rican general election, 2014 | country = Costa Rica | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = Costa Rican general election, 2010 | previous_year = 2010 | election_date = {{nowrap|2 February 2014 (first round)}} 6 April 2014 (second round) | next_election = Costa Rican general election, 2018 | next_year = 2018 | opinion_polls = | turnout = 68.19% (First round) - 56.63% (Second round) | image1 = | nominee1 = Luis Guillermo Solís | party1 = Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica) | home_state1 = San José | running_mate1 = Helio Fallas Ana Helena Chacón | popular_vote1 = 1,314,327 | percentage1 = 77.81% | image2 = | nominee2 = Johnny Araya | party2 = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) | home_state2 = Alajuela | running_mate2 = Jorge Pattoni Silvia Lara | popular_vote2 = 374,844 | percentage2 = 22.19% | map_image = Costa_Rica_general_election_2014_-_Legislative_%26_Presidential_Election_Results.svg | map_size = 300 | map_alt = | map = | map_caption = Map on the left shows the seats won by each party by province. The map on the right shows which party won the plurality in each province in both rounds of the Presidential election. | title = President | before_election = Laura Chinchilla | before_party = National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) | after_election = Luis Guillermo Solís | after_party = Citizens' Action Party (Costa Rica) }}{{Politics of Costa Rica}}Costa Rica held parliamentary and presidential elections on Sunday, 2 February 2014 to elect a new president, two vice presidents, and 57 Legislative Assembly lawmakers.[1] Voting is compulsory in Costa Rica, nevertheless abstentionism was 35 percent in 2006 and 32 percent in 2010.[2] In accordance with Article 132 of the Constitution, the incumbent President, Laura Chinchilla Miranda, was ineligible to run for a second consecutive term.[3] The ruling party before the election, the centrist National Liberation Party, put forward San José Mayor Johnny Araya Monge as its presidential candidate. The Libertarian Movement party nominated former legislator Otto Guevara Guth. The leftist Broad Front nominated José María Villalta Florez-Estrada. The center-left Citizens' Action Party nominated Luis Guillermo Solís Rivera. Opinion polls in December 2013 showed Araya ahead with 37 percent, Villalta close behind at 32 percent, Guevara at 15 percent, and Solís trailing at eight percent, suggesting the likelihood of a run-off vote in February.[4][5] Villalta's strong showing in the polls caused concern among Araya supporters and business leaders in Costa Rica. La Nacion, Costa Rica's most important newspaper and a historical ally of Liberacion Nacional, began a concerted series of attacks against Villalta, comparing him to Venezuela's Hugo Chávez. Political experts later concluded that this focus on Villalta helped Luis Guillermo Solis in the election.[6] In the presidential election, Solís and Araya came first and second, respectively, with neither candidate reaching 40 percent of the valid poll in the first round of voting, so a second round of voting was held from 6am to 6pm on 6 April, the first run-off election since 2002.[4][7] In a surprise move, Araya announced on 6 March that he would abandon his campaign for the run-off election. He stated that after weighing his chances it was only sensible to withdraw from the campaign. Recent polls had indicated that he was trailing badly behind Solís and he believed that spending money on campaigning was not prudent. Although Araya's action effectively handed the presidency to Solís, the run-off still had to take place since Costa Rican law does not allow for a candidate to withdraw from a run-off election.[8] Ultimately, Solís won the second round with 78 percent of the vote, a historic high in Costa Rica.[9][10] Unlike the first round, Solís won a majority in every province.[11] Presidential candidates
Other presidential candidates
Minor candidatesLess than 2% of popular support:
Opinion pollsIf no candidate surmounts the 40% threshold, the two candidates who would qualify for the runoff are marked. No poll accurately predicted the first or second round voting results.
ResultsPresidentThe results of the first-round final count were declared on 17 February 2014,[25] with the results of the second-round eighth count being declared on 7 April 2014:[26] {{bar box| title=Popular vote: First round | titlebar=#ddd | float=right | width=400px | barwidth=410px | bars={{bar percent|Citizens' Action|#FFD700|30.64}}{{bar percent|National Liberation|#008024|29.71}}{{bar percent|Broad Front|#FFFF00|17.25}}{{bar percent|{{nowrap|Libertarian Movement}}|#B22027|11.34}}{{bar percent|Social Christian Unity|#0000FF|6.02}}{{bar percent|New Homeland|#FF0000|1.50}}{{bar percent|Other|#7a7a7a|3.54}} }}{{bar box | title=Popular vote: Second round | titlebar=#ddd | float=right | width=400px | barwidth=410px | bars={{bar percent|Citizens' Action|#FFD700|77.81}}{{bar percent|{{nowrap|National Liberation}}|#008024|22.19}} }}
By provinceFirst round
Legislative AssemblyAlthough Solís' PAC received the most votes in the presidential elections,[27] the party did not won in the parliamentary voting making PLN the largest party in the Assembly with 18 deputies over PAC's 13.[28] Leftist party Broad Front surprised with its results, achieving 9 seats,[29] first time ever that the Left achieves such a big number.[28] Social Christian Unity Party recover part of its former influence[29] turning into the fourth political party in legislative size even when its candidate Rodolfo Piza was the fifth in presidential vote.[30] The opposite happened to Otto Guevara’s right-wing Libertarian Movement,[29] fourth in presidential votes[30] but fifth in legislative and reducing drastically it number of deputies from 9 to 4.[29][28] Oscar Lopez’s PASE party also suffer a diminishment in deputies from 4 to 1 (Lopez himself).[29][31] Three Christian parties oriented toward the Protestant minority[32] and very socially conservative also achieve deputies; Costa Rican Renewal Party 2, National Restoration 1 and Christian Democratic Alliance 1.[31] {{bar box| title=Popular vote | titlebar=#ddd | float=right | width=500px | barwidth=400px | bars={{bar percent|National Liberation|#008024|25.71}}{{bar percent|Citizens' Action|#FFD700|23.48}}{{bar percent|Broad Front|#ffff00|13.14}}{{bar percent|Social Christian Unity|#0000BF|10.02}}{{bar percent|{{nowrap|Libertarian Movement}}|#B22027|7.94}}{{bar percent|National Restoration|#0059CF|4.11}}{{bar percent|Costa Rican Renewal|#12086B|4.06}}{{bar percent|Acc. w/o Exclusion|#4682b4|3.97}}{{bar percent|New Homeland|#FF0000|2.06}}{{bar percent|New Generation|#00A1B3|1.22}}{{bar percent|Christ. Dem. Alliance|#42057f|1.17}}{{bar percent|Other|#777777|3.12}} }}{{bar box | title=Seats | titlebar=#ddd | float=right | width=500px | barwidth=400px | bars={{bar percent|National Liberation|#008024|31.58}}{{bar percent|Citizens' Action|#FFD700|22.81}}{{bar percent|Broad Front|#ffff00|15.78}}{{bar percent|Social Christian Unity|#0000BF|14.04}}{{bar percent|{{nowrap|Libertarian Movement}}|#B22027|7.02}}{{bar percent|Costa Rican Renewal|#12086B|3.51}}{{bar percent|National Restoration|#0059CF|1.75}}{{bar percent|Acc. w/o Exclusion|#4682b4|1.75}}{{bar percent|Christ. Dem. Alliance|#42057f|1.75}} }}
By province
Candidates electedFifty-seven legislators were elected and took office on 1 May 2014, eleven of whom had been members of the Legislative Assembly in the past. Five were from the National Liberation Party: Antonio Álvarez Desanti, Juan Luis Jiménez, Olivier Jiménez, Rolando González, and Sandra Piszk. Two were from the Citizen Action Party: Epsy Campbell and Ottón Solís. Mario Redondo of the Christian Democratic Alliance served previously with the Social Christian Unity Party. The others were Otto Guevara of the Libertarian Movement Party, Oscar López of Accessibility Without Exclusion, and Jorge Rodríguez of the Social Christian Unity Party.[33] The full list is as follows:[34]
References1. ^Costa Rica's 2014 election season is officially open The Tico Times, 2013-10-02. {{Costa Rican elections}}2. ^Costa Rica: Losing Faith in Democratic Institutions? Center for Latin American and Latino Studies, American University, 2013-11-11. 3. ^Constitución Política de la República de Costa Rica {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130207090012/http://www.asamblea.go.cr/Documents/Constituci%C3%B3n%20Pol%C3%ADtica.pdf |date=February 7, 2013 }} Asamblea Legislativa de Costa Rica. Retrieved: 2013-12-28. {{es}} 4. ^1 Newest poll shows Araya and Villalta heading for a runoff election The Tico Times, 2013-12-18. 5. ^1 Encuesta de Unimer: Costa Rica sin favorito a dos meses de elecciones La Nación, 2013-12-01. {{es}} 6. ^Frajman, Eduardo "The General Election in Costa Rica, February/April 2014" Electoral Studies, Vol. 35, 2014, pp. 61-66 7. ^Supreme Elections Tribunal begins manual recount of presidential votes The Tico Times, 2014-02-04. 8. ^[https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26461528 Costa Rica government's presidential candidate withdraws] BBC World News, 2014-03-06. 9. ^Live Costa Rica presidential election results The Tico Times, 2014-04-06. 10. ^{{cite web|title=Mapa de Resultados Elecciones Costa Rica Abril 2014|trans-title=Costa Rican Map of April 2014 Electoral Results |language=es |url=http://www.nacion.com/nacional/Mapa-Resultados-Elecciones-Mapa_electoral-elecciones_2014-segunda_ronda_11_1406969290.html|work=RESULTADOS ELECTORALES EN MAPA SEGUNDA RONDA ELECTORAL |publisher=La Nación| place=San José |accessdate=7 April 2014}} 11. ^{{cite news|last=Bermúdez Aguilar|first=Andrés|title=PAC ganó elecciones con más de un millón de votos|trans-title=PAC wins election with more than one million votes|url=http://www.prensalibre.cr/nacional/101291-pacganoelecciones.html|accessdate=7 April 2014|newspaper=La Prensa Libre (Costa Rica)|date=7 April 2014|author2=Efrén López Madrigal|location=San José|language=Es|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://archive.is/20140407135949/http://www.prensalibre.cr/nacional/101291-pacganoelecciones.html|archivedate=7 April 2014|df=}} 12. ^http://new.diarioextra.com/Dnew/noticiaDetalle/137814 13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.semanariouniversidad.ucr.cr/noticias/pais/11445-encuesta-del-ciep-para-universidad-oferta-de-candidatos-no-atrae-votantes.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-01-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140119151056/http://www.semanariouniversidad.ucr.cr/noticias/pais/11445-encuesta-del-ciep-para-universidad-oferta-de-candidatos-no-atrae-votantes.html |archivedate=2014-01-19 |df= }} 14. ^http://www.nacion.com/nacional/politica/Nueva-Unimer-Johnny-Araya-electoral_0_1368063225.html 15. ^http://www.teletica.com/Noticias/29705-Sondeo-de-la-UCR-Araya-firme-Villalta-y-Guevara-se-reparten-lo-que-dejo-el-doctor.note.aspx 16. ^http://www.diarioextra.com/Dnew/noticiaDetalle/217947 17. ^http://www.monumental.co.cr/noticia/johnny-araya-ganaria-elecciones-en-primera-ronda-segun-encuesta 18. ^http://www.semanariouniversidad.ucr.cr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12079&Itemid=70 19. ^https://www.larepublica.net/app/cms/www/index.php?pk_articulo=533309288 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.repretel.com/nueva-encuesta-anticipa-lucha-cerrada-por-la-presidencia-del-pa%C3%ADs |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2014-01-20 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140118022751/http://www.repretel.com/nueva-encuesta-anticipa-lucha-cerrada-por-la-presidencia-del-pa%C3%ADs |archivedate=2014-01-18 |df= }} 21. ^http://www.nacion.com/nacional/elecciones2014/Pais-indeciso-camina-segunda-electoral_0_1390860962.html 22. ^{{Citation |url=http://www.semanariouniversidad.ucr.cr/noticias/pais/12186-encuesta-del-ciep-johnny-araya-frena-caida-y-toma-leve-ventaja.html |title=Encuesta del CIEP: Johnny Araya frena caída y toma leve ventaja |publisher=Semanario |date=21 January 2014}} 23. ^{{Citation |url=http://www.informa-tico.com/28-01-2014/cerrada-lucha-presidencia-cuatro-candidatos |title=Cerrada lucha por la Presidencia entre cuatro candidatos |publisher=informa-TICO.com |date=28 January 2014}} 24. ^{{Citation |url=http://www.semanariouniversidad.ucr.cr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=12251&Itemid=70 |title=Nueva encuesta del CIEP: Indecisión crece a pocos días de las elecciones |publisher=Semanario |date=28 January 2014}} 25. ^Resultados Electorales: Total General Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones 2014-02-17. {{es}} 26. ^Corte Número 8 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140408220951/http://www.tse.go.cr/pdf/segunda_votacion/presidente-000008.pdf |date=2014-04-08 }} Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones 2014-04-07. {{es}} 27. ^{{cite book|last1=Landsford|first1=Tom|title=Political Handbook of the World 2014|url=https://books.google.co.cr/books?id=iC_VBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA333&lpg=PA333&dq=costa+rica%27s+end+of+two+party+system&source=bl&ots=S7M2YIEZSB&sig=6jvQjlUAQxbunSWSyT6VXkbQxUU&hl=es&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=costa%20rica%27s%20end%20of%20two%20party%20system&f=false|accessdate=13 March 2016}} 28. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=Asamblea Legislativa (Legislative Assembly)|url=http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/2073_e.htm|website=IPU.org|accessdate=13 March 2016}} 29. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|last1=Lehring|first1=Gary|title=Costa Rican legislative elections show growing voter dissatisfaction with traditional choices|url=http://www.ticotimes.net/2014/02/15/costa-rican-legislative-elections-show-growing-voter-dissatisfaction-with-traditional-choices|accessdate=13 March 2016|agency=The Tico Times|date=February 15, 2014}} 30. ^1 {{cite web|title=February 7, 2010 Presidential Election Results - Costa Rica Totals|url=http://www.electionresources.org/cr/president.php?election=2014|website=Elections Resources|accessdate=13 March 2016}} 31. ^1 {{cite web|title=February 2, 2014 Legislative Assembly Election Results - Costa Rica Totals|url=http://www.electionresources.org/cr/deputies.php?election=2014|accessdate=13 March 2016}} 32. ^{{cite news|last1=Lopez|first1=Jaime|title=Civic Groups Move Against Gay Marriage in Costa Rica|url=http://news.co.cr/civic-groups-move-against-gay-marriage-in-costa-rica/23281/|accessdate=13 March 2016|agency=Costa Rica Star|date=July 18, 2013}} 33. ^11 lawmakers return to Costa Rica's Legislative Assembly for second term The Tico Times, 2014-05-01. 34. ^Declaratoria de elección de Diputados a la Asamblea Legislativa de la República de Costa Rica 2014-2018 Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2014-03-03. {{es}}* Mapa de Resultados Elecciones Costa Rica 2014 La Nación, 2014-02-10. {{es}}* Corte #1: Resultados Electorales: SAN JOSÉ Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2014-02-24. {{es}}* Corte #2: Resultados Electorales: ALAJUELA Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2014-02-25. {{es}}* Corte #3: Resultados Electorales: CARTAGO Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2014-02-25. {{es}}* Corte #4: Resultados Electorales: HEREDIA Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2014-02-25. {{es}}* Corte #5: Resultados Electorales: GUANACASTE Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2014-02-27. {{es}}* Corte #6: Resultados Electorales: PUNTARENAS Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2014-02-27. {{es}}* Corte #7: Resultados Electorales: LIMÓN Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones, 2014-02-27. {{es}} 3 : Elections in Costa Rica|2014 elections in Central America|2014 in Costa Rica |
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