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词条 2014 Iquique earthquake
释义

  1. Geology

  2. Earthquake

     Effects  Aftershocks  Associated events 

  3. Tsunamis

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Further reading

  7. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}{{Expand Spanish|Terremoto de Iquique de 2014|topic=hist|date=April 2014}}{{Earthquake
|title = 2014 Iquique earthquake
|timestamp = 2014-04-01 23:46:47
|anss-url = usc000nzvd
|isc-event = 610102185
|local-date = {{Start date|2014|04|01|df=y}}
|local-time = 20:46 CST (00)
|map2 = {{Location map+ | South America
| places ={{Location map~|South America|lat=-20.22|long=-70.15|label=Iquique|position=right||label_size=120|mark=Blue pog.svg}}{{Location map~|South America|lat=-33.45|long=-70.67|label=Santiago|position=right||label_size=120|mark=Blue pog.svg}}{{Location map~|South America|lat=-19.642|long=-70.817|position=left||marksize=40|mark=Bullseye1.png}}
| relief = yes
| width = 250
| float = right
| caption = }}
|caption =
|magnitude = 8.2 Mw[1]
|PGA =
|aftershocks =
|depth = {{convert|20.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}[1]
|location = {{coord|19.642|S|70.817|W}}[1]
|countries affected = Chile, Peru, Bolivia
|intensity = VIII (Severe)
|tsunami = Yes
|casualties = Chile: 6 dead [2][3][6]
Peru: 9 injured[4][5]
|damage = 2,500 homes damaged
}}

The 2014 Iquique earthquake struck off the coast of Chile on 1 April, with a moment magnitude of 8.2, at 20:46 local time (23:46 UTC).[6][7] The epicenter of the earthquake was approximately {{convert|95|km|mi}} northwest of Iquique.[1] The mainshock was preceded by a number of moderate to large shocks and was followed by a large number of moderate to very large aftershocks, including a M7.7 event on 3 April. The megathrust earthquake triggered a tsunami of up to {{convert|2.11|m|ft}} that hit Iquique at 21:05 local time (00:05 UTC, 2 April).[12] Similar-sized tsunamis were also reported to have hit the coasts of Pisagua and Arica.[8]

Geology

{{see also|Peru–Chile Trench}}

A number of mid-sized quakes struck the same area in the preceding weeks. These quakes and the main tremor are associated with the boundary of the Nazca Plate and the South American Plate.[1]

Earthquake

{{see also|List of earthquakes in Chile}}

There was a cluster of earthquakes starting from the one occurring on March 16 with a magnitude of {{M|w|link=y}} 6.7, and a large earthquake had been expected.[9][10] The 8.2 earthquake was smaller than what was expected, with a rupture of {{convert|200|km|abbr=on}} in length instead of the expected {{convert|600|km|abbr=on}} rupture.[11] The earthquake was felt in Chile, Peru, and Bolivia.[12] The intensity reached intensity VIII (Severe) in Iquique, Chile.[13]

Effects

Four men died of heart attacks and one woman was reportedly crushed to death when a wall collapsed. A loader was crushed by a falling metal structure and died of the injuries afterwards.[14] Around 80,000 were displaced by the event.[15] Electricity and water services were interrupted in the regions of Arica y Parinacota and Tarapacá.[16]

During the aftermath of the earthquake, 293 prisoners escaped from a women's prison in Iquique when a wall collapsed. Many returned voluntarily a short time later, while Chilean soldiers searched for the rest.[17]

According to the Peruvian emergency services, nine people were slightly injured, seven households have been affected, one temple has collapsed and electricity outages in the affected regions of Tacna, Moquegua and Arequipa occurred, which were restored later. {{citation needed|date=April 2014}}

Aftershocks

There were several significant aftershocks above 6.0 magnitude and many more of lower magnitude over subsequent days.

Time (local) M I Depth Epicenter
April 1 at 20:57:58 6.9 VI28.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}91|km|mi|abbr=on}} WNW of Iquique [18]
April 2 at 22:58:30 6.5 VI24.1|km|mi|abbr=on}}46|km|mi|abbr=on}} WSW of Iquique [19]
April 2 at 23:43:13 7.7 VII22.4|km|mi|abbr=on}}53|km|mi|abbr=on}} SW of Iquique [20]
April 3 at 02:26:15 6.4 VI25|km|mi|abbr=on}}78|km|mi|abbr=on}} SW of Iquique [21]

Associated events

Such large earthquakes can have effects far away other than tsunamis.[22] A megathrust quake can shake the entire earth, but causes stronger movement and strain on the entire associated oceanic plate, beyond the few hundred kilometer rupture zone. Though too far to be an aftershock, a 6.0 quake on a thin protruding wedge of the Nazca Plate (Iquique quake shoved this plate) was reported off Panama within 12 hours of the main shock.[23]

Tsunamis

Under advice from the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, tsunami warnings were issued for the Latin American Pacific coastlines of Chile, Peru, and Ecuador shortly after the earthquake occurred.[24][6][25] Chile was subsequently hit by a tsunami of 2.11 m in its northern territories.[26]

The tsunami warning was later canceled for all countries except Chile and Peru within a few hours of the earthquake.[27] The tsunami warning was canceled for both Chile and Peru at around 4:58 UTC on 2 April. Hawaii was under a tsunami advisory for over 13 hours.[28][29] On April 3 local time, tsunamis were observed in Japan.[30] The tsunami reached {{convert|60|cm|ft}} high in Kuji, Iwate Prefecture, Japan.[31]

See also

  • 1868 Arica earthquake
  • 1877 Iquique earthquake
  • 2010 Chile earthquake
  • List of earthquakes in 2014
  • List of earthquakes in Chile

References

1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|title=M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary|work=United States Geological Survey|accessdate=2 April 2014}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/chile-earthquake-2-dead-3-seriously-injured-1.2594894|title=Chile earthquake: 2 dead, 3 seriously injured|publisher=Canadian Broadcasting Corporation|date=2 April 2014}}
3. ^{{cite news|first1=Jonathan |last1=Franklin |first2=Helen |last2=Davidson |first3=Paul |last3=Farrell |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/apr/02/tsunami-warning-for-chile-sparks-evacuation-live-updates#block-533b7fe6e4b01f464063dec0 |title=Chile earthquake triggers tsunami warning and evacuation – live updates |newspaper=The Guardian |date=2 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}
4. ^{{cite news |url=http://earthquake-report.com/2014/04/01/massive-earthquake-offshore-tarapaca-chile-on-april-1-2014/ |title=Massive earthquake and tsunami at the Tarapaca coast, Northern Chile – The full story from the very beginning |newspaper=Earthquake-Report.com}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/magnitude-80-quake-strikes-northern-chile-23151765|title=Chile Lifts Tsunami Warning After Quake Kills 6|date=2 April 2014}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26846984|title = Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile|date = 1 April 2014|accessdate = 2 April 2014|website = BBC}}
7. ^{{cite web|url = http://abcnews.go.com/International/strong-earthquake-hits-off-chile/story?id=23151710|title = 8.2-Magnitude Earthquake Off Chile Triggers Tsunami|date = 1 April 2014|accessdate = 1 April 2014|website = ABC News|last = Shabner|first = Dean}}
8. ^Tsunami Message Number 6 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140402042606/http://www.tsunami.gov/product.php?id=TSUHWX.20140402.0346.006 |date=2 April 2014 }}, NWS Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, 1 April 2014
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/world/2014/03/16/quake-hits-chile/6505715/|title=Magnitude-6.7 quake hits Chile, 100,000 evacuated|publisher=USA Today}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://sismologia.cl/events/sensibles/2014/03/16-2116-30L.S201403.html |title=Earthquake Report (Informe de Sismo Sensible) |publisher=Sismologia.cl |date=16 March 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Spanish}}
11. ^"La estrella de Iquique", 2 April 2014, page 5
12. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26846984 |title=Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile |newspaper=BBC News |date=2 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#dyfi_resp |title=M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile 2014-04-01 23:46:46 UTC |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |date=4 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}
14. ^"La estralla de Iquique", April 4, 2014, page 10
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://rt.com/news/earthquake-strikes-chile-iquique-713/ |title=8.2 earthquake hits Chile, killing 6 and displacing 80,000 |newspaper=RT |date=2 April 2014}}
16. ^{{cite news|first1=Génesis |last1=Moreno |first2=María |last2=Paz Núñez |url=http://www.latercera.com/noticia/nacional/2014/04/680-572311-9-reposicion-de-servicios-basicos-ha-sido-mas-lenta-en-comunas-de-iquique-y-alto.shtml |title=Replenishment of basic services has been slower in communes of Iquique and Alto Hospicio (Reposición de servicios básicos ha sido más lenta en comunas de Iquique y Alto Hospicio) |publisher=La Tercera |date=2 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Spanish}}
17. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-26855734 |date=2 April 2014 |last=Amos |first=Jonathan |title=Chile soldiers hunt escaped inmates in quake-hit Iquique |newspaper=BBC News}}
18. ^{{cite web|title=M6.9 - 91km WNW of Iquique, Chile|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzwm#general_summary|author=USGS|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}
19. ^{{cite web|title=M6.5 - 46km WSW of Iquique, Chile|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p26f#general_summary|author=USGS|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}
20. ^{{cite web|title=M7.7 - 53km SW of Iquique, Chile|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p27i#general_summary|author=USGS|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}
21. ^{{cite web|title=M6.4 - 78km SW of Iquique, Chile|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p2cs#general_summary|author=USGS|publisher=United States Geological Survey}}
22. ^{{cite journal|last=Lubick |first=Naomi |url=http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/triggered-swarms |title=Triggered Swarms: How Big Quakes Can Cause Small Quakes Far Away |publisher=Scientific American |date=March 2003 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}{{Subscription required|date=April 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000p11f |title=M6.0 - 52km S of Pedregal, Panama 2014-04-02 16:13:27 UTC |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |date=3 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014}}
24. ^1 {{cite news|url = http://time.com/46206/chile-earthquake/|title = Five Dead After Huge Quake Hits off Coast of Chile|date = 1 April 2014|accessdate = 2 April 2014|website = TIME|last = Stout|first = David|last2 = Winograd|first2 = David}}
25. ^{{cite web | title=Tsunami Warning and Warch for Latin American Pacific coastline | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.01.2355 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2014-04-01 | accessdate=2014-04-02}}
26. ^1 {{cite web|title=Pacific Tsunami Waves hit Chile after an Earthquake measuring 8.3|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/pacific-tsunami-waves-hit-chile-after-an-earthquake-measuring-8-3/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=2 April 2014}}
27. ^{{cite web | title=Tsunami Warning and Watch Cancellation | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=pacific.TSUPAC.2014.04.02.0443 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2014-04-02 | accessdate=2014-04-02}}
28. ^{{cite web | title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsumani Advisory | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.0346 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2014-04-02 | accessdate=2014-04-02}}
29. ^{{cite web | title=Hawai'ian Islands Tsunami Advisory Cancellation | url=http://ptwc.weather.gov/ptwc/text.php?id=hawaii.TSUHWX.2014.04.02.1726 | publisher=Pacific Tsunami Warning Center | date=2014-04-02 | accessdate=2014-04-02 }}
30. ^{{cite web|title=Japan hit by Tsunami waves on 3 April after Chilean Earthquake|url=http://news.biharprabha.com/2014/04/japan-hit-by-tsunami-waves-on-april-3-after-chilean-earthquake/|work=IANS|publisher=news.biharprabha.com|accessdate=3 April 2014}}
31. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.asahi.com/articles/ASG43116BG42UTIL03Z.html |title=60 cm Tsunami Observed in Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture; Caused by Chile Quake (岩手県久慈市で津波６０センチ観測 チリ地震) |publisher=Asahi Shimbun Company (朝日新聞) |date=3 April 2014 |accessdate=4 April 2014 |language=Japanese}}

Further reading

  • {{cite journal|last1=Lay|first1=Thorne|last2=Yue|first2=Han|last3=Brodsky|first3=Emily E.|last4=An|first4=Chao|title=The 1 April 2014 Iquique, Chile, 8.1 earthquake rupture sequence|journal=Geophysical Research Letters|date=16 June 2014|volume=41|issue=11|pages=3818–3825|doi=10.1002/2014GL060238|url=http://escholarship.org/uc/item/7524n01c|bibcode=2014GeoRL..41.3818L}}

External links

{{Commons category}}
  • [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/usc000nzvd#summary M8.2 - 95km NW of Iquique, Chile] – United States Geological Survey
  • [https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-latin-america-26846984 Tsunami alert after 8.2 quake strikes off Chile] – BBC News
  • 5 Dead After Powerful Quake Strikes Off Chile's Coast – ABC News
  • Powerful earthquake strikes off Chile – CNN
  • [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhvfbjCIiXo Tsunami Animation: Iquique, Chile, 1 April 2014 ] – National Tsunami Warning Center
  • {{EQ-isc-link|610102185}}
{{Earthquakes in 2014}}{{Earthquakes in Chile}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Iquique Earthquake, 2014}}

9 : Megathrust earthquakes in Chile|2014 earthquakes|2014 in Chile|History of Tarapacá Region|Iquique Province|Tsunamis in Chile|2014 tsunamis|Earthquakes in Chile|Iquique
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