| 词条 | Nyêmo County |
| 释义 |
| name = {{raise|0.2em|Nyêmo County}} | official_name = | other_name = | native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|尼木县}}}} • {{bo-textonly|སྙེ་མོ་རྫོང་།}}}} | nickname = | settlement_type = County | total_type = | motto = | image_skyline = | imagesize = | image_caption = | image_map = Location of Nyêmo within Xizang (China).png | mapsize = | map_caption = Location of Nyêmo County within Tibet Autonomous Region | pushpin_map = | pushpin_label_position = | pushpin_map_caption = | pushpin_mapsize = | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = People's Republic of China | subdivision_type1 = Region | subdivision_name1 = Tibet Autonomous Region | subdivision_type2 = Prefecture-level city | subdivision_name2 = Lhasa | seat_type = County seat | seat = Nyêmo Town | leader_title = | leader_name = | established_title = | established_date = | area_total_km2 = 3275 | elevation_m = | population_as_of = 2003 | population_footnotes = | population_note = | population_total = 30000 | population_density_km2 = | timezone = China Standard | utc_offset = +8 | coor_pinpoint = Nyêmo government | coordinates = {{coord|29.432|90.164|type:adm3rd_region:CN-54_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}} | postal_code_type = | postal_code = | area_code = | website = | footnotes = }}{{Infobox Chinese |title=Nyêmo County |s=尼木县 |t=尼木縣 |p=Nímù Xiàn |tib =སྙེ་མོ་རྫོང་། |wylie= snye mo rdzong |zwpy = Nyêmo Zong |order = st }} Nyêmo is a county in the Lhasa west of the main center of Chengguan, Tibet. It lies on the north bank of the Yarlung Tsangpo River, the northern part of the Brahmaputra. The county has an area of {{convert|3276|km2}}, and as of 2011 had a population of 30,844 people, mostly engaged in agriculture or herding. Location"Nyemo" is the Tibetan word for "wheat"{{Citation needed|reason=source needed to verify this translation. Tibetans grew BARLEY to make the national staple food "tsampa", not wheat prior to the Chinese arrival in 1950|date=October 2017}}. It is located in the middle section of the Brahmaputra, {{convert|140|km}} from Lhasa. It is mainly agricultural and pastoral, with an area of {{convert|3276|km2}} and an average elevation of {{convert|4000|m}}. The county seat is {{convert|3809|m}} above sea level.{{sfn|Nyêmo County Overview, Lhasa Municipality}} The Nimu Maqu River flows through the county from north to south. The Yarlung Tsangpo River forms its southern boundary.{{sfn|Nyêmo County, Baidu Baike}} The highest point is a peak at {{convert|7048.8|m}} above sea level, and the lowest point is where the Maqu River empties into the Brahmaputra at an elevation of {{convert|3701|m}}.{{sfn|Nyêmo County, haotui}} The county has a temperate semi-arid plateau monsoon climate, with about 100 frost-free days. Annual rainfall is {{convert|324.2|mm}}. Nyêmo County mineral resources are copper, molybdenum and peat. Wildlife includes leopards, bears, lynx, river deer, black-necked cranes, and pheasant. Wild plants include Fritillaria, Cordyceps, berberine and lotus.{{sfn|Nyêmo County Overview, Lhasa Municipality}} HistoryNyêmo was the birthplace of the great translator Vairocana, and the place where the teacher Padmasambhava subjugated local spirits during his journey from Nepal to Lhasa. Old pre-Buddhist cults have survived into the modern era along with monasteries of the different Buddhist traditions.{{sfn|Diemberger|2005|p=162}} The ala priestly tradition is a local hybrid of traditional religions and Bhuddism that is distinctive of Nyemo.{{sfn|Sihlé|2009|p=146}} Female mediums, possessed by spirits, performed healing ceremonies until the time of the Cultural Revolution.{{sfn|Diemberger|2005|p=162}} In late 1968 a revolt in the rural areas of Tibet began in Nyêmo, caused by shortages of food and the chaos of the Cultural Revolution. The revolt later spread to twenty more counties in the Tibet Autonomous Region.{{sfn|Smith|2009|p=128}} In the 1969 "Nyemo incident" the followers of Nyêmo nun Trinley Chödrön combined with the forces of the Maoist Gyenlo party organization. Their “Army of the Gods” attacked government and army compounds and rival cadres throughout the region over the course of several weeks in June 1969.{{sfn|Schwartz|2011}} Tinley Chodron, who was said to be an emanation of the holy bird Labja Gongmo from the Epic of King Gesar, was executed in Lhasa later that year.{{sfn|Diemberger|2005|p=163}} Administrative divisionsNyêmo County was established in 1959. It includes the following towns or townships:{{sfn|Nyêmo County Overview, Lhasa Municipality}} {{colbegin}}
EconomyAs of 2011 the total population was 30,844 people, of whom 28,474 were engaged in agriculture or herding. In 2010 the per-capita net income of farmers and herdsmen was 4,854 yuan, while the disposable income of urban residents reached 14,381 yuan.{{sfn|Nyêmo County Overview, Lhasa Municipality}} Total livestock was 167,800 excluding horses.{{sfn|Nyêmo County Overview, Lhasa Municipality}} By 2012 the per capita income of farmers and herdsmen had reached 6,881 yuan.{{sfn|Nyêmo County 2012 Summary...}} In 2000, the county had 189 businesses with 3,319 production employees.{{sfn|Nyêmo County, Baidu Baike}} Copper is mined in the county.{{sfn|Nyêmo County, Baidu Baike}} In the 7th century Nyêmo was producing printing materials, clay-based incense and wooden-sole shoes.{{sfn|Shakabpa|2009|p=78}} Nyêmo's long tradition of making paper and printing texts using woodblocks dates back to this period. Nyêmo County has China's first museum of Tibetan text.{{sfn|Inside Nimu, China Tibet Online}} Traditional paper continues to be manufactured in a village in Nyemo Town. Other artisan products include incense and wood engraving for printing on paper and on prayer flags.{{sfn|Nimu Traditions, Tibet Daily}} The processes of making Tibetan paper, incense and wood carvings are known as the "three unique skills of Nyemo."{{sfn|Experts and Scholars ... Tibetology}} InfrastructureThe county has 24 primary and secondary schools, including one junior high school, with a total staff of 260 people. There is a county hospital with 42 medical staff, eight rural health centers and 26 village clinics with 71 medical personnel. There is a county television station.{{sfn|Nyêmo County Overview, Lhasa Municipality}} A small hydropower power plant with a capacity of 250 kilowatts produces 257,000 kilowatt hours annually.{{sfn|Nyêmo County, Baidu Baike}} The Friendship Highway (part of China National Highway 318) passes through Nyêmo County on the section between Lhasa and Shigatse. There are 22 temples, of which fourteen are male monasteries and eight are nunneries. As of 2011 there were 118 monks and 99 nuns.{{sfn|Nyêmo County Overview, Lhasa Municipality}} The Nyêmo Chekar monastery is known for its 16th century murals depicting reincarnations of the Samding Dorje Phagmo.{{sfn|Diemberger|2014|p=27}} At Jieji Monastery the lamas make elaborate mandalas using pieces of woodcarving and hand-made embroidery. The art form was brought from India to Tibet in the 11th century.{{sfn|Mandala: art treasure of Tibetan Buddhism}} References{{notes}}{{commons category|Nyêmo County}}Sources{{refbegin|}}
2 : Counties of Tibet|Nyêmo County |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。