| 词条 | Anyang | ||
| 释义 |
|name = {{raise|0.2em|Anyang}} |official_name = |native_name = {{lower|0.1em|{{nobold|{{lang|zh-hans|安阳市}}}}}} |other_name = |settlement_type =Prefecture-level city |image_skyline =Yinxu.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption =Yinxu |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |nickname = |image_map = ChinaHenanAnyang.png |mapsize = |map_caption = Location of Anyang City jurisdiction in Henan |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |pushpin_map = China |pushpin_label_position = |pushpin_mapsize = |pushpin_map_caption = Location in China |coordinates = {{coord|36|06|N|114|20|E|region:CN-41|display=inline,title}} |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name1 = Henan |established_title = |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |seat_type = |seat = |parts_type = |parts_style = |p1 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |total_type = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_magnitude = |area_total_km2 = 7355 |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 =543.5 |area_metro_km2 =1739.5 |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 69 |elevation_ft =226 |elevation_min_m = |elevation_min_ft = |population_total =5172834 |population_as_of =2010 census |population_footnotes = |population_density_km2 =auto |population_urban =950301 |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |population_metro =2025811 |population_density_metro_km2 =auto |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |population_note = |postal_code_type =Postal Code |postal_code =455000,456100,456300,456400,456500 |area_code =0372 |iso_code = CN-HA-05 |website = {{URL|www.anyang.gov.cn}} |footnotes = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |p2 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |blank_name =GDP |blank_info =CNY110.6 billion (2009) |blank1_name =Major Nationalities |blank1_info =Han |blank2_name =County-level divisions |blank2_info =9 |blank3_name =License plate prefixes |blank3_info ={{lang|zh-cn|{{linktext|豫}}E}} }} Anyang ({{zh|s=安阳 |t=安陽 |p=Ānyáng}}; {{IPAc-cmn|an|1|.|yang|2}}) is a prefecture-level city in Henan province, China. The northernmost city in Henan, Anyang borders Puyang to the east, Hebi and Xinxiang to the south, and the provinces of Shanxi and Hebei to its west and north respectively. It has a total population of 5,172,834 as of the 2010 census, 2,025,811 of whom live in the metropolitan area made of 4 urban districts and Anyang County largely agglomerated with the city proper. HistoryEarly historyXiaonanhai, on the far western edge of the city, was home to prehistoric cavemen during the Stone Age. Over 7,000 artifacts (including stone tools and animal bone fossils) have been unearthed here, representing what has been dubbed the Xiaonanhai culture.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} Around 2000 BC, the legendary sage-kings Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku are said to have established their capitals in the area around Anyang from where they ruled their kingdoms. Their mausoleums are today situated in Sanyang village south of Neihuang County.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} At the beginning of the 14th century BC, King Pangeng of the Shang Dynasty established his capital {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} north of the modern city on the banks of the Huan River. The city, known as Yin, was the first stable capital in Chinese history and from that point on the dynasty that founded it would also become known as the Yin Dynasty. The capital served 12 kings in 8 generations including Wu Ding, under whom the dynasty reached the zenith of its power, until it was wiped out along with the dynasty that was founded by King Wu of the Zhou in 1046 BC. Anyang's Tangyin County was the seat of Yue Village, the birthplace of the famous Song dynasty general, Yue Fei. This was also the historic home of Zhou Tong, Yue's military arts tutor (though fictional sources place him in Shaanxi). Modern eraThe town was known as Zhangde ({{lang|zh|彰德}}) until 1912, when it was given its present name of Anyang, following the establishment of the Republic of China. In August 1949, Anyang prefecture was detached from Henan and{{spaced ndash}}along with Puyang and Xinxiang{{spaced ndash}}consigned to the short lived experimental province of Pingyuan by the ruling Communist government. All three were eventually returned to Henan's territory in November 1953, with the dissolution of Pingyuan. Geography and climate{{expand section|date=May 2013}}Anyang has a total administrative area of {{convert|7413|km2}}, with elevation in this area tending to increase from east to west. The city actually lies on the border between steppe and the North China Plain, and as such, it has a four-season, monsoon-influenced climate, classified as a semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk).[2] Winters are cold and very dry, with a January 24-hour average of {{convert|−0.9|°C|1}}. Summers are hot and humid, with July averaging {{convert|27.0|°C|1}}. A majority of the annual precipitation of {{convert|557|mm|1}} falls in July and August alone, and the annual mean temperature is {{convert|14.11|°C|1}}. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 43% in July to 58% in May, the city receives 2,225 hours of bright sunshine annually, with April to June the sunniest period. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|-21.7|°C|0}} to {{convert|43.2|°C|0}}.[3][4] {{Weather box|location = Anyang (1971–2000) |metric first = Y |single line = Y |Jan record high C= 20.7 |Feb record high C= 27.2 |Mar record high C= 31.3 |Apr record high C= 37.0 |May record high C= 39.5 |Jun record high C= 43.2 |Jul record high C= 41.8 |Aug record high C= 39.5 |Sep record high C= 39.3 |Oct record high C= 34.6 |Nov record high C= 27.7 |Dec record high C= 26.3 |Jan mean C = -0.9 |Feb mean C = 2.2 |Mar mean C = 8.0 |Apr mean C = 15.7 |May mean C = 21.2 |Jun mean C = 25.9 |Jul mean C = 27.0 |Aug mean C = 25.7 |Sep mean C = 21.2 |Oct mean C = 15.0 |Nov mean C = 7.2 |Dec mean C = 1.1 |year mean C = 14.1 |Jan record low C =−21.7 |Feb record low C =−16.7 |Mar record low C =-10.1 |Apr record low C = -2.7 |May record low C = 5.5 |Jun record low C = 10.2 |Jul record low C = 15.8 |Aug record low C = 11.6 |Sep record low C = 5.5 |Oct record low C = -1.4 |Nov record low C =-11.4 |Dec record low C =−18.1 |Jan high C = 4.4 |Feb high C = 7.9 |Mar high C = 13.8 |Apr high C = 21.7 |May high C = 27.1 |Jun high C = 31.8 |Jul high C = 31.7 |Aug high C = 30.4 |Sep high C = 26.8 |Oct high C = 21.2 |Nov high C = 13.0 |Dec high C = 6.6 |year high C= 19.7 |Jan low C = −5.1 |Feb low C = −2.4 |Mar low C = 3.0 |Apr low C = 10.0 |May low C = 15.1 |Jun low C = 20.1 |Jul low C = 22.7 |Aug low C = 21.6 |Sep low C = 16.3 |Oct low C = 9.9 |Nov low C = 2.5 |Dec low C = −3.0 |year low C= 9.2 |precipitation colour = green |Jan precipitation mm = 4.8 |Feb precipitation mm = 7.7 |Mar precipitation mm = 17.8 |Apr precipitation mm = 23.1 |May precipitation mm = 39.7 |Jun precipitation mm = 60.7 |Jul precipitation mm = 178.7 |Aug precipitation mm = 123.3 |Sep precipitation mm = 44.8 |Oct precipitation mm = 34.2 |Nov precipitation mm = 16.3 |Dec precipitation mm = 5.8 |Jan humidity = 60 |Feb humidity = 57 |Mar humidity = 57 |Apr humidity = 57 |May humidity = 60 |Jun humidity = 60 |Jul humidity = 77 |Aug humidity = 80 |Sep humidity = 73 |Oct humidity = 69 |Nov humidity = 67 |Dec humidity = 64 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 2.2 |Feb precipitation days = 2.9 |Mar precipitation days = 4.4 |Apr precipitation days = 4.6 |May precipitation days = 6.6 |Jun precipitation days = 7.5 |Jul precipitation days = 12.2 |Aug precipitation days = 10.1 |Sep precipitation days = 7.1 |Oct precipitation days = 5.4 |Nov precipitation days = 3.8 |Dec precipitation days = 2.4 |Jan sun = 142.0 |Jan percentsun = 46 |Feb sun = 148.9 |Feb percentsun = 49 |Mar sun = 180.2 |Mar percentsun = 49 |Apr sun = 219.4 |Apr percentsun = 56 |May sun = 251.6 |May percentsun = 58 |Jun sun = 232.5 |Jun percentsun = 54 |Jul sun = 190.2 |Jul percentsun = 43 |Aug sun = 200.1 |Aug percentsun = 48 |Sep sun = 187.1 |Sep percentsun = 50 |Oct sun = 180.2 |Oct percentsun = 52 |Nov sun = 152.8 |Nov percentsun = 50 |Dec sun = 140.3 |Dec percentsun = 47 |source 1 = China Meteorological Administration |date=August 2010 }} AdministrationThe prefecture-level city of Anyang administers 4 districts, 1 county-level city and 4 counties.
EconomyAnyang's opening to the outside world has enabled its foreign economic relations and trade to progress rapidly. Sixteen foreign-funded enterprises (joint ventures, cooperative enterprises and wholly foreign-owned enterprises) have been established. Recently, Anyang has established an economic and technological development zone covering a total area of {{convert|22.8|km2|abbr=on}}, and issued a series of preferential policies to attract many domestic Chinese and foreign businesses. A multichannel, all-round foreign relations and trade network has been set up to lay a foundation for developing Anyang's economy. TourismAnyang city is an ancient city with a history of over 3,000 years and is one of the Eight Ancient Capitals of China, and also one of the best preserved. It is one of the key birthplaces of Chinese ancient culture. Here are the primitive caves of 25,000 years ago, the overlapping strata of the Yangshao Culture, Longshan Culture and Xiaotun Culture, the memorial mausoleums of ancient Emperor Zhuanxu and Emperor Ku over 4,000 years ago, the first library of inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells, the Soul Spring Temple, known as the "First Ancient Buddhist Temple in Henan", and 10,000-Buddha Ravine, as well as unique Wenfeng Pagoda, Xiuding Temple Pagoda and Mingfu Temple Pagoda. The city has three large museums: the Anyang Museum, the National Museum of Chinese Writing, and the Yinxu Museum on the ruins and royal tombs of the Shang Dynasty. Anyang also has beautiful natural scenery—the Taihang Linlu Hill Scenic Area on the 400-kilometer Taihang Mountains and the grand 1,500-kilometer Red Flag Canal. Changchun TempleChangchun Temple, a Taoist shrine, was built on the hillside of the mountains surrounding it during the Tang dynasty. It was officially opened to the public in 1 May 2014, after a period of cautious restoration. Tianning TempleTianning Si (Mansion Temple) was established during the Zhou dynasty, and has recently been restored by the Protection and Research Institute of Ancient Architecture of Anyang City, and opened to the public. The main structures within the temple compound include: the gate house, the three-room (8.4m x 14m) Hall of the Heavenly King with hanging-eaves over the gables rebuilt in 2002,[5] the slightly larger (17.8m x 11.65m) Precious Hall of the Great Hero with single-eave gabled roof originally from the Qing dynasty and rebuilt in 2001,[6] and the Wenfeng Pagoda. Wenfeng PagodaWenfeng Ta (Literature Peak Pagoda) on the grounds of the Tianning Temple is believed to have been constructed in 925 and is known, from inscriptions concerning the reconstruction of the temple, to have been in place by 952. The current pagoda was constructed during the Ming dynasty and received its current name during the Qing dynasty due to its proximity to the Confucian temple. The five-story dark red brick octagonal tower is 38.65m high and is, unusually, larger at the top than the bottom and is topped with a 10m Lamaist stupa-style dagoba steeple. The pagoda stands on two-metre-high stone pedestal and is decorated with multi-eave pent roofs and carvings of Buddhas and bodhisattvas. The unique pagoda is the symbol of Anyang.{{citation needed|date=November 2016}} Yinxu ruins and museum{{Main|Yinxu}}Located about {{convert|2|km|abbr=on}} northwest of Anyang are the ruins of the Shang dynasty capital known as Yin. This massive archaeological site was discovered in 1899, excavated in the decades that followed, and first opened to the public in the 1980s as the Garden Museum of Yinxu. The current museum was opened on 16 March 2005, and includes the famous Tomb of Fu Hao. The site was later designated a UNESCO World Heritage Sites in 2006. See also
Notes1. ^ 2. ^Updated Asian Map of the Köppen climate classification system. 3. ^中国气象科学数据共享服务网 {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302053152/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |date=March 2, 2015 }} 4. ^安阳高烧43.2℃ 市民无处话清凉 5. ^{{cite news | first = | last = | authorlink = | author = | coauthors = | title = Hall of the Heavenly King | url = | format = | work = | publisher = Tianning Temple | pages = | page = | date = | accessdate = | quote = The Hall, an architecture of hanging-eaves over the gables, has a space of 3 rooms with a length of 14m, a width of 8.4m and a height of 9.6m. It was designed and rebuilt on the site by the Protection and Research Institute of Ancient Architecture of Anyang City in 2002. }} 6. ^{{cite news | first = | last = | authorlink = | author = | coauthors = | title = Precious Hall of the Great Hero | url = | format = | work = | publisher = Tianning Temple | pages = | page = | date = | accessdate = | quote = The Precious Hall of the Great Hero, Tianning Temple, The Precious Hall of the Great Hero, as architecture of single-eave and gabled roof, is 11.65 meters long and 17.8 meters wide. Rebuilt in the 25th year of Qianlong in Qing Dynasty, it was thoroughly restored by the Protection and Research Institute of Ancient Architecture of Anyang City in 2001. }} External links{{Wikivoyage|Anyang}}{{Commons category|Anyang, Henan|Anyang}}
2 : Anyang|Cities in Henan |
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