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词条 Oakland, Maryland
释义

  1. History

  2. Geography

  3. Climate

  4. Demographics

     2010 census  2000 census 

  5. Attractions and events

  6. Notable residents

  7. References

  8. External links

For other places with the same name, see Oakland.

{{Infobox settlement
|official_name =
|name = Oakland, Maryland
|settlement_type = Town
|nickname =
|motto =
|image_skyline = File:2ndStreet OaklandMD 2589.jpg
|imagesize = 250px
|image_caption = Second Street in Oakland, part of the Oakland Historic District
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Garrett_County_Maryland_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Oakland_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250x200px
|map_caption = Location of Oakland, Maryland
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = {{nowrap|{{flagu|United States|name=United States of America}}}}
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = {{flag|Maryland}}
|subdivision_type2 = County
|subdivision_name2 = {{flagicon image|Flag of Garrett County, Maryland.svg}} Garrett
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title = Mayor
|leader_name = Peggy Jamison
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title = Incorporated
|established_date = 1862[1]
|unit_pref = Imperial
|area_footnotes = [2]
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_km2 = 7.05
|area_land_km2 = 7.02
|area_water_km2 = 0.02
|area_total_sq_mi = 2.72
|area_land_sq_mi = 2.71
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.01
|population_as_of = 2010
|population_est = 1838
|pop_est_as_of = 2017
|population_footnotes = [3]
|population_total = 1925
|population_density_km2 = 261.67
|population_density_sq_mi = 677.73
|timezone = Eastern (EST)
|utc_offset = -5
|timezone_DST = EDT
|utc_offset_DST = -4
|elevation_footnotes =
|elevation_m = 731
|elevation_ft = 2398
|coordinates = {{coord|39|24|38|N|79|24|16|W|region:US-MD|display=inline}}
|postal_code_type = ZIP code
|postal_code = 21550
|area_code = 301
|blank_name = FIPS code
|blank_info = 24-57650
|blank1_name = GNIS feature ID
|blank1_info = 0586276
|website = {{URL|http://www.oaklandmd.com/|www.OaklandMD.com}}
|footnotes =
|pop_est_footnotes = [4]
}}

Oakland is a town in the west-central part of Garrett County, Maryland. The town has a population of 1,925 according to the 2010 United States Census. The town is also the county seat of Garrett County and is located within the Pittsburgh DMA.

Oakland is situated only miles from the source of the Potomac River, which flows directly into the Chesapeake Bay. It is also near the Wisp Resort at Deep Creek Lake, a major ski resort for many Marylanders and other visitors.

History

Oakland was formally incorporated as a town in 1862.

The town is home to a historic B&O railroad station, which was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973, and restored in the 2000s.[3] Trains still run on the rail tracks behind the station, but it is mainly used for special organizations or gatherings at present. A gift shop is located within the station. In front of the station, there are a plethora of festivities that go on, mainly seasonal activities such as housing the town Christmas tree, decorating the plaza for a holiday, and sometimes parties.

Main Street of Oakland consists mainly of historic two to four story edifices that house the main shopping facilities in the area, such as a theatre, museum, book store, a local pharmacy, antique shops, clothing stores and banks. Many of the homes and businesses in the downtown area are examples of Victorian architecture. Much of the central section of Oakland is part of the Oakland Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.[4] Also listed on the National Register are the Garrett County Courthouse and Hoye Site.[3]

One of the most prominent and historic churches in Oakland is St. Matthew's Episcopal Church, where U.S. Presidents Ulysses S. Grant, James Garfield, Grover Cleveland, and Benjamin Harrison have all attended services. Because of this, it is now called the "Church of Presidents." Another prominent and historic church is St. Peter the Apostle Church, a Catholic church located on Fourth Street. A large neoclassical courthouse is also very prominent and dominates the town center.

In the late 19th century and early 20th century, a large hotel named the Oakland Hotel was located near the downtown railroad station. It was constructed in 1878 by the B&O Railroad.[5] The hotel was a major tourist attraction for that time period until it was torn down in the early 20th Century.

Geography

Oakland is in the south-central to western portion of Garrett County, located at {{coord|39|24|38|N|79|24|16|W|type:city}} (39.410480, −79.404380).[6] It is set in a small valley. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of {{convert|2.60|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which {{convert|2.59|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.01|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.[7] It is only 6.61 miles from Second Street to Deep Creek Lake.

Climate

Oakland, owing to its high elevation and valley location, is among the coldest and snowiest locales in the state of Maryland, and has a warm-summer humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with {{convert|106|in|m|2|disp=or}} of snowfall in an average season. The monthly mean temperature ranges from {{convert|25.1|°F|1}} in January to {{convert|68.4|°F|1}} in July, with temperatures not reaching above freezing on an average 34 afternoons and falling to {{convert|0|°F|1}} or below on an average of 5.8 mornings; from 1981 to 2010, only thirteen years ever reached {{convert|90|°F|1}}. The average first and last dates for freezing temperatures are September 28 and May 15, respectively; for measurable (≥{{convert|0.1|in|m|disp=or}}) snowfall, they are November 13 and April 7. The state record low of {{convert|-40|°F|disp=or}} was recorded here on January 13, 1912; the record high is {{convert|101|°F|1}} on August 7, 1918, which, together with the preceding day, are the only two instances of {{convert|100|°F|1}}+ readings on record in Oakland. The most snow in 24 hours was {{convert|40.0|in|m|2}} on February 16, 1908.

According weather data tallied between July 1, 1985 and June 30, 2015 for every location in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's official climate database, Oakland is the snowiest place in the state of Maryland with an average of {{convert|105.9|in|m|2|disp=or}} of snow per year.

[8]{{Weather box
|location = Oakland, Maryland (1981−2010 normals, extremes 1893−present)
|single line = Y
|Jan high F = 34.5
|Feb high F = 38.2
|Mar high F = 47.6
|Apr high F = 59.0
|May high F = 67.6
|Jun high F = 75.3
|Jul high F = 78.8
|Aug high F = 77.8
|Sep high F = 71.4
|Oct high F = 61.8
|Nov high F = 50.3
|Dec high F = 38.9
|year high F= 58.4
|Jan low F = 15.8
|Feb low F = 17.3
|Mar low F = 24.9
|Apr low F = 34.3
|May low F = 44.5
|Jun low F = 53.4
|Jul low F = 58.0
|Aug low F = 56.1
|Sep low F = 48.6
|Oct low F = 37.0
|Nov low F = 28.3
|Dec low F = 20.7
|year low F= 36.6
|Jan record high F = 75
|Feb record high F = 76
|Mar record high F = 83
|Apr record high F = 88
|May record high F = 89
|Jun record high F = 95
|Jul record high F = 98
|Aug record high F = 101
|Sep record high F = 95
|Oct record high F = 88
|Nov record high F = 78
|Dec record high F = 74
|year record high F= 101
|Jan record low F = -40
|Feb record low F = -29
|Mar record low F = -20
|Apr record low F = -2
|May record low F = 17
|Jun record low F = 26
|Jul record low F = 33
|Aug record low F = 30
|Sep record low F = 19
|Oct record low F = 7
|Nov record low F = -16
|Dec record low F = -32
|year record low F= -40
|precipitation colour = green
|Jan precipitation inch = 3.54
|Feb precipitation inch = 3.20
|Mar precipitation inch = 4.13
|Apr precipitation inch = 3.87
|May precipitation inch = 5.14
|Jun precipitation inch = 4.42
|Jul precipitation inch = 5.46
|Aug precipitation inch = 3.78
|Sep precipitation inch = 3.45
|Oct precipitation inch = 3.15
|Nov precipitation inch = 3.83
|Dec precipitation inch = 3.85
|Jan snow inch = 30.9
|Feb snow inch = 22.2
|Mar snow inch = 17.6
|Apr snow inch = 5.2
|May snow inch = 0
|Jun snow inch = 0
|Jul snow inch = 0
|Aug snow inch = 0
|Sep snow inch = 0
|Oct snow inch = .5
|Nov snow inch = 6.8
|Dec snow inch = 22.9
|year snow inch=
|unit precipitation days = 0.01 in
|Jan precipitation days = 15.5
|Feb precipitation days = 11.9
|Mar precipitation days = 13.6
|Apr precipitation days = 13.7
|May precipitation days = 15.0
|Jun precipitation days = 13.5
|Jul precipitation days = 13.0
|Aug precipitation days = 11.3
|Sep precipitation days = 10.9
|Oct precipitation days = 10.7
|Nov precipitation days = 12.4
|Dec precipitation days = 15.1
|unit snow days = 0.1 in
|Jan snow days = 10.2
|Feb snow days = 7.9
|Mar snow days = 5.6
|Apr snow days = 2.0
|May snow days = 0
|Jun snow days = 0
|Jul snow days = 0
|Aug snow days = 0
|Sep snow days = 0
|Oct snow days = .4
|Nov snow days = 2.6
|Dec snow days = 7.9
|year snow days= 36.5
|source 1 = NOAA[9]
|date = February 2014
}}

Demographics

{{US Census population
|1880= 910
|1890= 1046
|1900= 1170
|1910= 1366
|1920= 1225
|1930= 1583
|1940= 1587
|1950= 1640
|1960= 1977
|1970= 1786
|1980= 1994
|1990= 1741
|2000= 1930
|2010= 1925
|estyear=2017
|estimate=1838
|estref=[10]
|footnote=U.S. Decennial Census[11]
}}

2010 census

As of the census[12] of 2010, there were 1,925 persons, 875 households, and 470 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|743.2|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 1,009 housing units at an average density of {{convert|389.6|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the town was 98.0% White, 0.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% from other races, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.7% of the population.

There were 875 households of which 23.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.1% were married couples living together, 10.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.1% had a male householder with no wife present, and 46.3% were non-families. 40.5% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.03 and the average family size was 2.73.

The median age in the town was 46.9 years. 17.5% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.3% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 22.6% were from 25 to 44; 30.2% were from 45 to 64; and 22.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the town was 47.7% male and 52.3% female.

2000 census

As of the census[13] of 2000, there were 1,930 persons, 787 households, and 447 families residing in the town. The population density was {{convert|915.7|PD/sqmi|/km2}}. There were 918 housing units at an average density of {{convert|435.5|/sqmi|/km2}}. The racial makeup of the town was 98.13% White, 0.73% African American, 0.16% Native American, 0.57% Asian, 0.16% from other races, and 0.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.78% of the population. 33% of Oakland's residents were of German descent, 11% English, 11% Irish, 6% Italian, 2% Dutch, 2% French, 2% Polish, 2% Scottish, 2% Scotch-Irish and 2% Swedish. People of Swiss, British, Welsh and Hungarian descent each comprised 1% of the population.[14]

There were 787 households out of which 25.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.1% were non-families. 38.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 18.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.09 and the average family size was 2.75.

In the town, the population was spread out with 18.5% under the age of 18, 9.4% from 18 to 24, 24.0% from 25 to 44, 23.2% from 45 to 64, and 24.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 85.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84.2 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $26,728, and the median income for a family was $38,750. Males had a median income of $29,625 versus $21,542 for females. The per capita income for the town was $16,872. About 13.3% of families and 19.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 21.9% of those under age 18 and 21.0% of those age 65 or over.

The Oakland area is home to an Amish community that consists of a church district of about 70 homes. The Amish community dates back to 1850 and became associated with the New Order Amish, with electricity permitted inside of homes.[15] The Amish community in Oakland has a small number of converts to the Amish faith, a rarity in the Amish world. There are only between 150 to 200 Amish converts in the United States out of a population around 200,000. The Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Amish have not had a successful convert in over 100 years.[16]

Attractions and events

The Oakland post office is home to a Depression-era mural, Buckwheat Harvest, painted by American artist Robert F. Gates. Gates was funded by the Treasury Section of Fine Arts to complete the mural as part of President Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal. Gates was probably inspired by Garrett County's strong tradition of growing buckwheat.[17]

Oakland is home to the Oakland B & O Railroad Museum[18] and the Garrett County Museum of Transportation[19].

Notable residents

  • Maurice Brookhart, William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at the University of North Carolina, Member of the National Academy of Sciences, was born and raised in Oakland.
  • Darvin Moon, runner-up at the 2009 World Series of Poker Main Event.

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Oakland|url=http://msa.maryland.gov/msa/mdmanual/37mun/oakland/html/o.html|website=Maryland Manual|accessdate=24 June 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_24.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Jan 2, 2019}}
3. ^1 {{NRISref|2008a}}
4. ^{{NRISref|2008a}}
5. ^{{Citation |last=Long |first=Helen |author-link= |last2=Scharf |first2=John Thomas |author2-link=John Thomas Scharf |title=History of Western Maryland |publisher=Genealogical Publishing Co. |origyear=1882 |year=2003 |page=1539 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ntVpHBIz0hAC&printsec=frontcover&cad=0#v=onepage&q&f=false}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
7. ^{{cite web|title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2013-01-25 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=January 24, 2012 |df= }}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.weather.com/safety/winter/news/snowiest-places-most-snow |title=The Snowiest Place in Each State |accessdate=2015-01-24}}
9. ^ {{cite web |url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=pbz |title = NowData - NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = 2014-02-02}}
10. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df= }}
12. ^1 {{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2013-01-25}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=September 11, 2013 |df= }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.epodunk.com/cgi-bin/genealogyInfo.php?locIndex=2711 |title=Oakland, MD, Ancestry & Family History |publisher=Epodunk.com |accessdate=2017-08-02}}
15. ^{{cite web|title=Maryland Amish|publisher=Amish America|url=http://amishamerica.com/maryland-amish/|accessdate=October 6, 2017}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/07/amish-converts-maryland-oldest-settlement |title=Amish converts choosing their religion and building roots in oldest settlement |publisher=The Guardian |accessdate=2018-08-29}}
17. ^{{Cite web|url=https://livingnewdeal.org/projects/post-office-mural-oakland-md/|title=Post Office Mural - Oakland MD - Living New Deal|website=Living New Deal|language=en-US|access-date=2016-03-06}}
18. ^http://www.oaklandbandomuseum.org/index.html
19. ^http://www.garrettcountymuseums.com/transportationmuseum.html

External links

{{Wikivoyage|Oakland (Maryland)}}
  • {{official website|http://www.oaklandmd.com/}}
  • Garrett Lake Arts Festival
  • St. Matthew's Episcopal Church
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509061107/http://www.relib.net/ Ruth Enlow Library]
  • Photos, history, and audio story from the Traveling 219 project
{{Geographic Location 2
| Center = Oakland
| North = McHenry
U.S. Route 219 North
| Northeast = Swanton
MD 495 East
| East = Mountain Lake Park
MD 135 East
| ESE =
| Southeast = Gormania, West Virginia
MD 560 South
| Southwest = Crellin
| South = Redhouse
U.S. Route 219 South
| SES =
| West = Terra Alta, West Virginia
MD 39 West
| SWS =
| Northwest =Cearfoss
MD 58 West
}}{{Coord|display=title|39.41048|-79.40438}}{{Maryland}}{{Garrett County, Maryland}}{{County Seats of Maryland}}

7 : 1862 establishments in Maryland|Amish in Maryland|County seats in Maryland|Populated places established in 1862|Oakland, Maryland|Towns in Garrett County, Maryland|Towns in Maryland
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