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词条 Oakland University
释义

  1. History

     Beginnings  Michigan State University–Oakland  Oakland University 

  2. Academics

  3. Research institutes and centers

  4. Campus

     Oakland County  Main Campus  Meadow Brook Estate  Golf courses  Macomb County 

  5. Athletics

  6. Student life

  7. Motto

  8. Alumni

  9. Notes

  10. References

  11. External links

{{distinguish|text=Oakland Community College, Oakland College or Oakland City University}}{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}{{Infobox university
| name = Oakland University
| image = Oakland University seal.svg
| image_upright = 0.8
| motto = Seguir virtute e canoscenza (Italian)[1]
| mottoeng = Seek virtue and knowledge
| established = 1957
| type = Public
| endowment = $86 million[2]
| president = Ora Hirsch Pescovitz
| students = 20,012 (Fall 2016) [3]
| undergrad = 16,568 (Fall 2016)[4]
| postgrad = 3,444 (Fall 2016) [4]
| city = Rochester
| state = Michigan
| country = United States
| campus = Suburban; {{convert|1443|acre}}
| colors = Black & Gold[5]
{{college color boxes|Oakland Golden Grizzlies}}
| nickname = Golden Grizzlies
| website = {{url|www.oakland.edu}}
| logo = Oakland University wordmark.svg
| logo_size = 250
}}Oakland University (OU) is a public university in Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills, Michigan.{{#tag:ref|The campus is physically located in the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills but OU's mailing address is in the nearby, but not adjacent, City of Rochester.[6][7]|group=fn}} Situated on a {{convert|1400|acre|adj=on}} campus, it was co-founded by Matilda Dodge Wilson and Alfred Wilson after meeting with John A. Hannah. It is the only major research university in Oakland County, from which the school derives its name, and it serves much of the Metro Detroit region.[8] The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching has classified OU as a Doctoral Research University.[9]

Oakland University was initially operated as a branch of Michigan State University as Michigan State University–Oakland (MSU-O). It opened in 1959 with 570 students and three buildings. In 1963, it became known as Oakland University.[10]

The university's athletic teams compete in Division I of the NCAA and are collectively known as the Golden Grizzlies. They are members of the Horizon League.

History

Beginnings

In 1908, John Francis Dodge and his wife Matilda purchased a farmhouse and {{convert|320|acre}} of land known as Meadow Brook Farms, located in central Oakland County.[11]

In 1920, Matilda inherited John's fortune upon his death, soon remarrying to a lumber baron, Alfred G. Wilson. Between 1926 and 1929, the couple built Meadow Brook Hall on the land.[12]

Michigan State University–Oakland

Oakland University was created in 1957 when Matilda Dodge Wilson and her second husband, Alfred Wilson, donated their {{convert|1443|acre|km2|adj=on}} estate to Michigan State University, including Meadow Brook Hall, Sunset Terrace and all the estate's other buildings and collections, along with $2 million. Main campus buildings were completed on Squirrel Road in Pontiac Township (now the city of Auburn Hills). Originally known as Michigan State University–Oakland, the university enrolled its first students in 1959 and was renamed Oakland University in 1963.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Oakland University

The university has been officially independent since 1970.[13] Wilson asked U.S. Postmaster General Arthur Summerfield to let the university use a Rochester, Michigan, mailing address (201 Meadow Brook Rd., Rochester, Michigan 48309[6]), even though the main part of the campus was in Pontiac Township (now the city of Auburn Hills). After Wilson reminded him that she had contributed to his administration, Summerfield granted her request.[14]

In September 2009, tenured faculty members represented by the OU chapter of the AAUP went on strike.[15] Issues of contention included the University claiming ownership of professors' copyrights and patents,[16] refusing to allow faculty input into matters of class size and curricula,[17] reduction of health benefits and a three-year salary freeze. The salary freeze was in contrast to OU president Gary Russi, who had just received a $100,000 raise.[15] The University Board of Trustees maintained that the strike was illegal and filed a lawsuit against the Oakland AAUP.[17] After a week's strike, the faculty and administration came to an agreement on a three-year contract, which was implemented.[18]

During the 2012 Republican presidential primaries, Oakland University hosted a debate between Republican presidential candidates on November 9, 2011. CNBC televised the debate nationally, and the Michigan Republican Party co-sponsored the debate with CNBC.[19][20] Eight candidates participated: Michele Bachmann, Herman Cain, Newt Gingrich, Jon Huntsman, Ron Paul, Rick Perry, Mitt Romney, and Rick Santorum.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

On February 12, 2013, the Oakland University Board of Trustees approved a $65 million investment in campus expansion and improvement projects. Completed in the fall of 2014, projects included: construction of a nearly $30 million student housing complex; dramatic enhancement of outdoor recreation and athletic fields; construction of a 1,240-space parking structure, and; construction of new headquarters for facility and grounds maintenance operations.[21] Longtime supporters of the university, Hugh and Nancy Elliott, made a donation to construct the [https://www.oakland.edu/elliott-tower/ Elliott Tower] on the campus. The 151-foot carillon tower was completed in fall 2014 and houses the last bells to be cast by the Royal Bellfoundry Petit & Fritsen of the Netherlands.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

The Board appointed George W. Hynd president of the university in July 2014.[22] He replaced Dr. Gary Russi, who retired in August 2013.[23] Russi had replaced Dr. Sandra Packard on an interim basis in 1995 and was appointed president by the board of trustees in 1996. Russi's retirement was announced in June 2013, on the same day his wife, Oakland head woman's basketball coach Beckie Francis, was fired.[24]

On May 4, 2017, the Board announced Ora Hirsch Pescovitz, M.D., as [https://www.oakland.edu/bot/top-links/meet-ous-seventh-president/ OU's seventh president]. Her tenure would begin on July 1, 2017, under a 5-year contract. {{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

For the Fall 2013 semester, OU had an enrollment of 20,169 students.[4] OU is the 12th largest college or university in Michigan, 8th largest of 4-year universities. (Based on 2012 enrollement of 19,740)[25]

Academics

{{Infobox US university ranking
| Forbes = 529
| Wamo_NU = 271
| USNWR_NU = 231-300
}}

Oakland University offers 132 bachelor's degree programs and 138 graduate programs (professional certificates, master's degrees, and doctoral degrees). The main academic units of the university are the College of Arts and Sciences, the School of Business Administration, the School of Education and Human Services, the School of Engineering and Computer Science, the School of Health Sciences, School of Nursing, and the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine. Additionally, OU supports an Honors College and various study abroad programs.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

The Oakland University – Beaumont Nurse Anesthesia Graduate Program began in 1991 as a collaborative initiative to address the nurse anesthesia shortage and provide an exceptional educational environment for training Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists. Authority for the program is shared between Oakland University and Beaumont Health System.[26][27] In 2011, U.S. News & World Report ranked the program tied for 17th in the nation.[28]

Oakland University's School of Business Administration (SBA) is one of only 170 business schools – out of 8,000 worldwide – to hold the elite AACSB-International accreditation in both business and accounting, and also offers Michigan's only Executive MBA program with concentrations in Health Care and IS Leadership.[29] In 2009, the SBA celebrated its 40th anniversary.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

In 2008, Oakland University officials announced that the Thomas M. Cooley Law School-Auburn Hills campus has become the exclusive educational law school of Oakland University, and that Oakland University is now the exclusive education partner university of Cooley Law School's Auburn Hills campus.[30]

In 2007, plans were established to start a medical school on the OU campus in partnership with William Beaumont Hospital called the Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine (OUWB or OUWBSM) came to fruition. The medical school was founded in 2008 with classes starting in fall of 2011. OUWB is the fourth medical school in the state of Michigan to offer the M.D. degree, received over 3,200 applications for the inaugural class of 50 students. OUWBSM has 225 students as of Fall 2013 and 500 are planned by 2017.[31] The founding dean of the Medical School is Robert Folberg, M.D.[32]

As part of its research mission, OU also supports a number of major research centers and institutes, including the Center for Biomedical Research,[33] the Center for Robotics and Advanced Automation, the Fastening and Joining Research Institute, the Human Systems Initiative, and the renowned Eye Research Institute.[34] Furthermore, OU's Smart Zone Business Incubator[35] provides entrepreneurial resources and expertise to support and foster new technology-based and life science businesses.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Research institutes and centers

OU is home to major research institutes and centers addressing a broad range of interests and industries, including biomedical, public affairs, technology, engineering, education, international studies, and more.

  • Center for Applied Research in Musical Understanding
  • Center for Biomedical Research
  • Center for Creative and Collaborative Computing
  • Center for Integrated Business Research and Education (CIBRE)
  • Center for Robotics and Advanced Automation
  • Eye Research Institute[36]
  • Fastening and Joining Research Institute
  • Lowry Center for Early Childhood Education
  • Nanotech Research & Development Institute
  • OU Center for Autism Research, Education and Support (OUCARES)
  • Pawley Learning Institute
  • Product Development and Manufacturing Center
  • Public Affairs Research Laboratory

Campus

In addition to its location in the cities of Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills, Oakland University maintains an official "hometown" relationship with the nearby but not adjacent city of Rochester, Michigan.[8] University and city officials signed a partnership agreement in 2003 to officially recognize the relationship between Rochester and OU.[37] In 1959, Rochester Village (now city) officials renamed the {{Convert|1|miles|km|spell=in|adj=mid|-long}} Fifth Street in downtown Rochester "University Drive" to showcase Rochester as a "college town". The road is called Walton Boulevard adjacent to the University in Rochester Hills and Auburn Hills. This is often confused with University Drive in Auburn Hills, which originates at OU's main entrance in Auburn Hills, and continues west into downtown Pontiac. In 2005, the Rochester area was ranked 39th in the CNN/Money Magazine list of the Top 100 American cities in which to live.[38]

OU's campus, which encompasses {{convert|1443|acre|km2}}, includes trails and biking paths and two nationally ranked golf courses.[39]

Oakland County

The university's land in Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills is divided into the Main Campus, Meadow Brook Estate, and two golf courses.[40]

Main Campus

Meadow Brook Theatre, which was founded at OU in 1967, is the largest non-profit professional theater in Michigan, and presents a wide variety of award-winning productions throughout the year.[41] Additionally, the Oakland University Art Gallery, which was formerly known as the Meadow Brook Art Gallery, presents at least six different exhibitions each academic year, in addition to hosting a variety of lectures, performances and symposia.[42]

Kresge Library is the main library of Oakland University. It consists of four floors of study rooms and open-area tables. It also contains the Oakland University Archives, the Historical Abraham Lincoln Collection, the Jane M. Bingham Historical Children's Collection,[43] and a tech center.[44] The library is named after Stanley and Sebastian Kresge who were both present for the library's opening in 1962.[45]

In 2009, an 18-hole disc golf course opened. Grizzly Oaks was co-designed by student Jarrett Schlaff and licensed by the Professional Disc Golf Association.[39]

OU's student union, the Oakland Center, was renovated and expanded in 2018. The Oakland Center houses the offices of student organizations, a large food court with multiple restaurants, the student bookstore, a cafe, a pool hall and gaming center, a Student Technology Center, the campus newspaper The Oakland Post, computer labs, conference rooms, as well as the offices of the university radio station, WXOU (88.3 FM). OU also has its own television station (OU TV) which is broadcast on-campus and to the local community.[46]

The campus has recreational facilities for intramural sports and for OU's 16 NCAA Division I athletic teams, including the lighted Upper Athletic Fields, the indoor Sports Dome, fields for varsity baseball, softball, and soccer, and facilities for basketball, handball, track, and weight training. The campus Recreation Center houses OU's state-of-the-art natatorium, and the Athletics Center O'rena, a 4,000-seat field house, is the home court for OU basketball and volleyball.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Near the center of campus is the Elliot Tower (above). This clock tower was finished in 2014 after many delays to its construction that began toward the end of 1945 just after the end of WWII, making it both the oldest and one of the newest structures simultaneously at Oakland University.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Meadow Brook Estate

This portion of Oakland University consists of the historic Meadow Brook Hall and the land and buildings surrounding it. The hall, which is a 110-room Tudor revival–style mansion completed in 1929 as OU founder Matilda Dodge Wilson's Oakland County estate, is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Meadow Brook Hall is the fourth-largest historic house museum in the United States, and housed a vast collection of historically significant art and furniture, including paintings by Rembrandt, Anthony van Dyck, Rosa Bonheur, Gilbert Stuart, Joshua Reynolds, John Constable, and Thomas Gainsborough, as well as sculptures by Antoine-Louis Barye, Frederic Remington, Cyrus Edwin Dallin, and Herbert Haseltine. Meadow Brook Hall is frequently utilized by the OU community as a site for select university functions, including the popular student event the Meadow Brook Ball.[47] Until 2010, Meadow Brook Hall and its grounds were the site of the annual Meadow Brook Concours d'Elegance, one of the largest collector car shows in the world.[48]

The Meadow Brook Music Festival is an outdoor entertainment venue with an on-site pavilion which accommodates close to 8,000 people. In addition to being the site of spring-time graduation ceremonies, Meadow Brook Music Festival also hosts comedians and musical acts. Meadow Brook Music Festival is managed by Palace Sports and Entertainment.[49]

Golf courses

Oakland University has two nationally ranked golf courses that make up most of the southern portion of its land. Katke-Cousins sits on {{Convert|320|acres}}.[50] Some of the course's 18 holes remain from the 9-hole course John Dodge built when he lived at the estate. The other course, opened in 2000, is the R & S Sharf course.[51]

Macomb County

An office plaza in downtown Mount Clemens, in Macomb County, was donated to the university in 2010 by Gebran Anton and Stuart Frankel. It was repurposed and opened for the fall 2011 semester as the Anton/Frankel Center. It offers several undergraduate and graduate programs.[52]

Oakland University is also among the 12 colleges and universities offering programs at Macomb Community College's University Center.[53]

Athletics

{{Main|Oakland Golden Grizzlies}}

OU Fight is the Oakland University fight song. Previously known as the Pioneers, the school's teams were renamed the Golden Grizzlies.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Oakland University was used as a training camp for the Detroit Lions in 1989.[54]

Oakland University's men's soccer team became the first Oakland team to move past the first round of their sport's respective NCAA tournament in 2007.[55]

Student life

Although many of Oakland's students commute from surrounding areas, there are more than 3,000 who live on campus in a variety of residence halls and student apartments.[56] The residence halls include Hillcrest Hall, Oak View Hall, Hamlin Hall, Vandenberg Hall, Hill House, Van Wagoner House, and Fitzgerald House. Residential learning communities on OU's campus include Scholars Tower and the Residential Honors College community. Eight additional buildings make up the George T. Matthews student apartments, and six major Tudor-style buildings house the Ann V. Nicholson student apartments, which were completed in 2002.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Campus life is enhanced by more than 200 registered student organizations, ranging from cultural and religious groups to Greek organizations. Fraternities represented at OU include Theta Chi, Sigma Pi, Tau Kappa Epsilon, Alpha Phi Alpha, Alpha Sigma Phi, Phi Mu Alpha Sinfonia(in Fall of 2015), and Iota Phi Theta. Sororities include Alpha Delta Pi, Alpha Sigma Tau, Gamma Phi Beta, Phi Sigma Sigma, Sigma Sigma Sigma (in Fall of 2015), Alpha Kappa Alpha, Delta Sigma Theta, Zeta Phi Beta, and Sigma Gamma Rho. The so-called Cottage District of campus, which consists of homes originally built for workers employed at the old Meadow Brook Estate, now contain fraternity and sorority houses. Additionally, the university owns an adjoining tract of land to the east of the main university campus, which was developed into a neighborhood in which many OU faculty members currently live.{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Motto

Oakland University's motto is Seguir virtute e canoscenza ("Seek virtue and knowledge").[57] It is a quotation from Dante's Inferno, Canto XXVI, 1. 120. These are the final words of Ulysses' speech to his men urging them to sail on in pursuit of knowledge and experience of the world – even beyond the pillars of Hercules, traditionally the frontier and limit of legitimate exploration. The three-line stanza in Italian, and English:{{citation needed|date=August 2017}}

Considerate la vostra semenzaFatti non foste a viver come brutiMa per seguir virtute e canoscenza.

Consider your birth

You were not made to live like brutes

But to follow virtue and wisdom.

Alumni

Arts and entertainment
  • Curtis Armstrong – film and TV actor[58]
  • Regina Carter – jazz violinist, winner of MacArthur Fellowship[58]
  • Robert Englund – film and TV actor (attended)[58]
  • David Hasselhoff – actor (attended)[58]
  • Jayne Houdyshell – Broadway actress, Tony Award nominee
  • Hank Jones – jazz pianist and composer (honorary doctorate)
  • Karen Newman – singer and actress[58]
  • Elizabeth Reaser – film and TV actress (attended)
  • Rob Shelby - music producer
  • Doris Eaton Travis – dancer and actress (honorary doctorate)
Law
  • Deborah Servitto – Judge, Michigan Court of Appeals
Government and politics
  • Fran Amos – State Representative, Michigan House of Representatives
  • Deborah Cherry – Senator, Michigan Senate
  • APJ Abdul Kalam – India's 11th President[59] (honorary doctorate)
  • David J. Doyle – Michigan politician
  • Renee Ellmers – Member of Congress from North Carolina
  • Gordon R. England – former Secretary of the Navy (honorary doctorate)
  • Ruth Johnson – Michigan politician
  • Nancy Lenoil – State Archivist of California
  • Carl Levin – U.S. Senator (honorary doctorate)
  • Michael W. Michalak – United States Ambassador to Vietnam
  • Adolph Mongo – political consultant (attended)
  • G. Mennen Williams – former Governor of Michigan (honorary doctorate)
  • Gary Yourofsky – animal rights activist
Business
  • Howard Birndorf – co-founder, Hybritech
  • John G. Denison – CEO of ATA Airlines
  • N.R. Narayana Murthy – founder, CEO, and Ex Chairman, Infosys Limited[60] (honorary doctorate)
  • Maximiliano Larroquette – designer of Chevrolet Volt
  • James E. Schrager – Professor, Graduate School of Business, University of Chicago
Education
  • Janet L. Holmgren (BA, Oakland; PhD, Princeton) – President, Mills College
  • James E. Schrager (BA, Oakland; PhD, Chicago) – Professor, Business, University of Chicago
  • Richard T. Sullivan (BA, Oakland; PhD, Harvard) – Associate Professor, History, University of Notre Dame
  • Thomas J. Volgy (BA, Oakland; PhD, Minnesota) – Professor, Political Science, University of Arizona
Sports and media
  • Keith Benson – NBA player
  • Kay Felder – NBA player
  • Andrew Good – former MLB pitcher, Arizona Diamondbacks, Detroit Tigers [61]
  • Brian Gregory – men's head basketball coach, Georgia Tech
  • Seb Harris – professional footballer for Northampton Town
  • Mike Helms – professional basketball player
  • Don Kirkwood – former MLB pitcher, California Angels, Chicago White Sox, Toronto Blue Jays (attended)[58]
  • Rawle Marshall – former NBA player, Dallas Mavericks, Indiana Pacers
  • Jasna Rather – four-time Olympian, degree in political science[58]
  • Tom Stanton – author and journalist
  • Brian Stuard – professional golfer
  • Jennifer Valoppi – TV journalist
  • Kelly Williams – professional basketball player
  • Gbemi Olateru-Olagbegi – professional radio personality, Lagos, Nigeria
  • Kendrick Nunn - NBA Player

Notes

1. ^OU Motto, Seal and Logo
2. ^{{cite web |title=Oakland University Fast Facts|publisher=Oakland University |url=https://www.oakland.edu/Assets/Oakland/ucm/files-and-documents/pdfs/OU-Fast-Facts.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=2017-05-10}}
3. ^{{cite web| title=Fall Headcount & FYES 1959-2013 - Office of Institutional Research and Assessment - Oakland University|url=http://www.oakland.edu/?id=9687&sid=250|publisher=oakland.edu| accessdate=November 7, 2013}}
4. ^1 2 {{cite web|title=10-Year Undergraduate and Graduate Enrollment Fall 2004 - Fall 2013|url=http://www.oakland.edu/upload/docs/OIRA/ug&gr_enrollment.pdf|publisher=oakland.edu|accessdate=November 7, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100601183105/http://www.oakland.edu/upload/docs/OIRA/ug%26gr_enrollment.pdf|archivedate=1 June 2010|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://wwwp.oakland.edu/ucm/logos-marks-and-fonts/logo-and-colors/|title=Logo and Colors - University Communications and Marketing - Oakland University|accessdate=2015-07-27|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150711145124/http://wwwp.oakland.edu/ucm/logos-marks-and-fonts/logo-and-colors/|archive-date=11 July 2015|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.oakland.edu/|title=Home - Oakland University|publisher=oakland.edu}}
7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.oakland.edu/map/ |title=Oakland University – Campus Map |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081203200811/http://www.oakland.edu/map/ |archivedate=3 December 2008 |df=dmy-all }}
8. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www4.oakland.edu/?id=1611&sid=18 |title=About the Community }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://carnegieclassifications.iu.edu/lookup/view_institution.php?unit_id=171571|title=Carnegie Classifications | Institution Profile |publisher=Classifications.carnegiefoundation.org |accessdate=2012-04-19}}
10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.meadowbrookhall.org/explore/history/oaklandu-history|title=Oakland University|publisher=|accessdate=2015-07-27}}
11. ^{{cite web|title=Buildings & Structures |url=http://www.oakland.edu/about/buildings|publisher=Oakland University|accessdate=2014-08-04}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=Meadow Brook |url=http://meadowbrookhall.org/explore/history/meadowbrookhall|website=Meadowbrookhall.com|accessdate=2014-08-03}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www4.oakland.edu/?id=1611&sid=19 |title=OU Timeline – OU History }}
14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www4.oakland.edu/?id=1611&sid=19 |title=OU Timeline – OU History |quote=1958: Matilda Wilson demands that the university's address match Meadow Brook Hall's Rochester address, even though the main campus lies in Pontiac Township (now the City of Auburn Hills). She prevailed by reminding U.S. Postmaster General Arthur Summerfield that she had been a generous contributor to his Republican administration. }}
15. ^1 David N. Goodman, "[https://www.nytimes.com/2009/09/04/education/04michigan.html Strike by Professors Leads to Canceled Classes in Michigan]." Associated Press via The New York Times: September 3, 2009
16. ^{{cite web|last1=Williams|first1=Audrey J. |title=Strike Settled, Oakland U. Professors Return to the Classroom|url=http://chronicle.com/article/Strike-Settled-Oakland-U/48350/ |website=chronicle.com|publisher=The Chronicle of Higher Education|accessdate=6 October 2014|date=10 September 2009}}
17. ^1 Santiago Esparza and Mike Martindale, "OU Lawsuit: Strike is Illegal", The Detroit News, September 8, 2009
18. ^Jeff Greer, "[https://www.usnews.com/education/blogs/paper-trail/2009/09/10/oakland-university-in-michigans-strike-ends Oakland University in Michigan's Strike Ends]." US News and World Report: September 10, 2009
19. ^{{cite web|title=Debate at Oakland|url=http://www.oakland.edu/debateatoakland|publisher=Oakland University|accessdate=December 25, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121027174734/http://www.oakland.edu/debateatoakland|archive-date=27 October 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
20. ^{{cite web|last=Oosting|first=Jonathan|title=Who stood out at GOP debate? Oakland University faculty, students weigh in (poll) |url=http://www.mlive.com/news/detroit/index.ssf/2011/11/who_stood_out_at_the_gop_debat.html|work=MLive.com|accessdate=December 25, 2012|date=November 10, 2011}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oakland.edu/view_news.aspx?sid=34&nid=9712|title=New construction projects to transform campus, add parking, housing|publisher=|accessdate=July 27, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731053941/http://www.oakland.edu/view_news.aspx?sid=34&nid=9712|archive-date=31 July 2013|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
22. ^{{cite news |last1=Kidd |first1=Andrew |title=Oakland University appoints George Hynd next president|url=http://www.theoaklandpress.com/general-news/20140709/oakland-university-appoints-george-hynd-next-president|accessdate=4 August 2014|publisher=Oakland Press|date=9 July 2014}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.freep.com/article/20130812/NEWS03/308120100/Oakland-University-to-pay-ex-president-Russi-230-000-in-deferred-comp|title=Oakland University to pay ex-president $230K in deferred compensation|work=Detroit Free Press|accessdate=July 27, 2015}}
24. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.freep.com/article/20130612/NEWS03/306120123/Oakland-University-President-David-Russi-steps-down|title=Gary Russi steps down as Oakland University president; wife fired as basketball coach|work=Detroit Free Press|accessdate=July 27, 2015}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://nces.ed.gov/collegenavigator/?s=MI |title=College Navigator |publisher=United States Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences |accessdate=December 31, 2012}}
26. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.beaumont.edu/crna |title=Certified Nurse Anesthesia Graduate Program |publisher=Beaumont.edu |accessdate=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120722230642/http://www.beaumont.edu/crna |archive-date=22 July 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
27. ^{{cite web |url=http://www2.oakland.edu/grad/gradadmiss/pages/prog_menu_2.cfm?ID=MS7220&menu=33 |title=Master of Science in Nursing – Nurse Anesthesia (CRNA) – Graduate Admissions – Oakland University, Rochester, MI |publisher=.oakland.edu |accessdate=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100121182659/http://www2.oakland.edu/grad/gradadmiss/pages/prog_menu_2.cfm?ID=MS7220&menu=33 |archive-date=21 January 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://grad-schools.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-graduate-schools/top-health-schools/nurse-anesthesia-rankings |title=Best Nursing Anesthesia Programs | Top Nursing Schools | US News Best Graduate Schools |accessdate=April 19, 2012}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oakland.edu/?id=10024&sid=256 |title=SBA Graduate Programs Home Page – SBA Graduate & Executive Education – Oakland University |publisher=Oakland.edu |accessdate=April 19, 2012}}
30. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oakland.edu/view_news.aspx?sid=34&nid=4877 |title=News – News at OU – Oakland University |publisher=Oakland.edu |date=September 15, 2008 |accessdate=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101224171235/http://www.oakland.edu/view_news.aspx?sid=34&nid=4877 |archive-date=24 December 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
31. ^{{cite web| title=Oakland University William Beaumont School Of Medicine Welcomes First Class - Press Release|url=http://www.oakland.edu/?id=19129&sid=340|publisher=Oakland University| accessdate=2013-11-08}}
32. ^{{cite web| title=Administration - Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine|url=http://www.oakland.edu/medicine/administration|publisher=Oakland University| accessdate=2013-11-08}}
33. ^http://www.oakland.edu/cbr/
34. ^http://www.oakland.edu/eri
35. ^OU INC. Retrieved from http://www.oakland.edu/ouinc/.
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://wwwp.oakland.edu/eri/|title=Eye Research Institute|publisher=|accessdate=July 27, 2015}}
37. ^{{cite web |url=http://www4.oakland.edu/view_news.aspx?sid=34&nid=1486 |title=OU and City of Rochester announce partnership}}
38. ^{{cite web |url=http://www4.oakland.edu/view_news.aspx?sid=34&nid=2652 |title=Rochester, OU's college town ranked in top 100 cities}}
39. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://oaklandpostonline.com/2009/09/16/campus/grizzly-oaks-disc-golf-opens/ |title=Grizzly Oaks disc golf opens » The Oakland Post |publisher=Oaklandpostonline.com |date=September 16, 2009 |accessdate=April 19, 2012}}
40. ^{{cite web|title=Campus|url=https://www.oakland.edu/upload/docs/Campus%20Map/2011_OUMaps_BW.pdf|publisher=Oakland University|access-date=3 August 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107022417/http://www.oakland.edu/upload/docs/Campus%20Map/2011_OUMaps_BW.pdf|archive-date=7 November 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
41. ^Meadow Brook Theatre
42. ^{{Cite web |url=http://ouartgallery.org/pages/about.html |title=Oakland University Art Gallery |access-date=17 January 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110122031617/http://ouartgallery.org/pages/about.html |archive-date=22 January 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
43. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.librarything.com/venue/14428/Oakland-University-Kresge-Library|publisher=Library Thing|title=Oakland University Kresge Library}}
44. ^{{cite news|last1=Zemke|first1=Jon|title=Oakland U opens new tech center in Kresge Library|url=http://www.metromodemedia.com/devnews/oaklanduniversitytechcenter0131.aspx|accessdate=22 December 2014|date=3 September 2009}}
45. ^{{Cite AV media|last=Spina|first=Tony|url=http://reuther.wayne.edu/node/9044|accessdate=22 December 2014|title=Stanley Kresge and Sebastian Kresge at the dedication of the Kresge Library at Oakland University|type=Photograph}}
46. ^{{cite web|url=https://oakland.edu/outv/|title=OUTV Home|publisher=Oakland University|access-date=28 April 2018}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=http://oaklandpostonline.com/2010/12/01/campus/meadowbrookballtixfrenz/ |title=Students vying for Meadow Brook Ball tickets flood the basement of the Oakland Center » The Oakland Post |publisher=Oaklandpostonline.com |accessdate=April 19, 2012}}
48. ^{{cite web |url=http://concoursusa.org/general-info |title=General Info |publisher=Concoursusa.org |accessdate=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110902070505/http://concoursusa.org/general-info |archive-date=2 September 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
49. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.palacenet.com/default.asp?venue=4 |title=Palace Sports & Entertainment |publisher=Palacenet.com |accessdate=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110109233815/http://www.palacenet.com/default.asp?venue=4 |archive-date=9 January 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
50. ^{{cite book|title=Oakland Technology Park, Auburn Hills and Rochester Hills: Environmental Impact Statement|date=1986|page=316|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pN83AQAAMAAJ&q=katke+cousins+golf+course&dq=katke+cousins+golf+course&hl=en&sa=X&ei=faneU5PREIOMyATrxIDoDA&ved=0CEMQ6AEwAw}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=R&S Sharf Golf Course |url=http://www.michigangolf.com/courses/rochester/rs-sharf/|website=Golflink|accessdate=3 August 2014}}
52. ^{{cite web |title=Oakland University Opens in Macomb County |url=http://www.macombcountymi.gov/mcped/E-Macomb/Spring%202011/Redevelopment%20news%20-%20Oakland%20opens%20in%20Macomb.html |publisher=Macomb County |accessdate=3 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140811094735/http://www.macombcountymi.gov/mcped/E-Macomb/Spring%202011/Redevelopment%20news%20-%20Oakland%20opens%20in%20Macomb.html |archive-date=11 August 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
53. ^{{cite web|title=Macomb University Center|url=http://www.macomb.edu/future-students/choose-program/university-center/|publisher=Macomb Community College|accessdate=3 August 2014}}
54. ^{{cite news |title=Toothless Lions Hope to 'Restore the Roar' |first=Thomas |last=George |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/08/07/sports/toothless-lions-hope-to-restore-the-roar.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=August 7, 1989 |accessdate=September 28, 2009}}
55. ^{{cite web|title=Oakland History - Year by year timeline|url=http://www.goldengrizzlies.com/history/oakl-year-by-year-timeline.html|website=goldengrizzlies.com|accessdate=6 October 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006083240/http://www.goldengrizzlies.com/history/oakl-year-by-year-timeline.html#|archive-date=6 October 2014|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}
56. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oakland.edu/view_askou.aspx?cid=24#218 |title=Ask OU – Housing – Oakland University |publisher=Oakland.edu |accessdate=April 19, 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100528113141/https://www.oakland.edu/view_askou.aspx?cid=24#218 |archive-date=28 May 2010 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}
57. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.oakland.edu/?id=1616&sid=19 |title=OU Motto, Seal and Logo – OU History – Oakland University |publisher=Oakland.edu |accessdate=April 19, 2012}}
58. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite news|title=From Freddy Krueger to Olympic athletes |url=http://www.theoaklandpress.com/articles/2005/03/18/localnews/20050318-archive2.txt |newspaper=The Oakland Press |date=March 18, 2005 |accessdate=September 10, 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120216191756/http://www.theoaklandpress.com/articles/2005/03/18/localnews/20050318-archive2.txt |archivedate=February 16, 2012 }}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oakland.edu/?id=15918&sid=175 |title=A.P.J. Abdul Kalam – Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost – Oakland University |publisher=Oakland.edu |accessdate=April 19, 2012}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oakland.edu/?id=15919&sid=175 |title=N.R. Narayana Murthy – Senior Vice President for Academic Affairs and Provost – Oakland University |publisher=Oakland.edu |accessdate=April 19, 2012}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://royaloak.patch.com/articles/from-pop-ups-to-pop-quizzes-detroit-tiger#photo-11327071 |title=From Pop-Ups to Pop Quizzes: Former Tiger Now a Classroom All-Star |publisher=royaloak.patch.com |accessdate=September 25, 2012}}

References

{{reflist}}

External links

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