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词条 2015 United States H5N2 outbreak
释义

  1. Spread to hen farms

      Table of infections  

  2. Control

  3. References

  4. External links

{{Flu}}

In 2015, an outbreak of avian influenza subtype H5N2 was identified in a series of chicken and turkey farming operations in the Midwestern region of the United States. As of May 30, more than 43 million birds in 15 states had been destroyed as a result of the outbreak, including nearly 30 million in Iowa alone, the nation's largest egg producer. In the Midwestern U.S., the average price of eggs had increased 120% between April 22 and May 30. The effects however were seen nationwide, with prices in California up 71% in the same timeframe.[1]

The virus was first identified in Minnesota in early March. Prior to April 20, it affected commercial turkey farms almost exclusively, in the states of Arkansas, Iowa, Missouri, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, and at 28 farms in Minnesota, where the virus was initially identified.

Migratory waterfowl are assumed to have brought the disease to the Midwest, but how it made its way into poultry barns is undetermined.[2] No human cases have been reported, and human infection is almost impossible.

Spread to hen farms

On Monday, April 20, the U.S. Department of Agriculture announced that 5.3 million egg-producing hens at a northwest Iowa farm must be destroyed after the virus was confirmed. The number at this operation alone comprised a little over 1% of egg-laying hens in the United States.[3] This infection would be the first in a series at large hen operations in Iowa, Nebraska, and other states.

As of May 27, over 25 million chickens had either died of the infection or been euthanized in Iowa alone.[4] Nebraska's toll at the same date was 7 million—a majority of the state's 9.45 million egg-laying hens.[5]

Table of infections

This table shows large bird farm infections during the 2015 outbreak. All birds affected either died of the H5N2 infection itself, or were destroyed as a precautionary measure. While 205 total infections were confirmed through June 1, only larger outbreaks (affecting >200,000 hens or >50,000 turkeys) are displayed here.

Date detectedLocationBirds affectedTypeSource
March 27Lac Qui Parle County, Minnesota66,000Turkeys[6]
April 1Beadle County, South Dakota50,600Turkeys[6]
April 2Stearns County, Minnesota71,000Turkeys[6]
April 4Stearns County, Minnesota76,000Turkeys[6]
April 7Meeker County, Minnesota310,000Turkeys[6]
April 8Kingsbury County, South Dakota71,900Turkeys[6]
April 9Lyon County, Minnesota66,000Turkeys[6]
April 10McPherson County, South Dakota55,200Turkeys[6]
April 10McCook County, South Dakota54,700Turkeys[6]
April 11Jefferson County, Wisconsin189,100Chickens[6]
April 13Swift County, Minnesota160,000Turkeys[6]
April 13Stearns County, Minnesota76,000Turkeys[6]
April 14Swift County, Minnesota154,000Turkeys[6]
April 14Redwood County, Minnesota56,000Turkeys[6]
April 15Kandiyohi County, Minnesota152,000Turkeys[6]
April 15Stearns County, Minnesota67,000Turkeys[6]
April 15Roberts County, South Dakota66,600Turkeys[6]
April 16Barron County, Wisconsin126,700Turkeys[6]
April 20Osceola County, IowaInitially reported as 5.3 million birds; APHIS confirmation count was adjusted.[7]}}Chickens[3]
April 20Wadena County, Minnesota301,000Turkeys[6]
April 20Kandiyohi County, Minnesota61,000Turkeys[6]
April 21Kandiyohi County, Minnesota130,400Turkeys[6]
April 21Kandiyohi County, Minnesota61,000Turkeys[6]
April 21Stearns County, Minnesota53,900Turkeys[6]
April 22Stearns County, Minnesota72,500Turkeys[6]
April 22Kandiyohi County, Minnesota62,600Turkeys[6]
April 22Kandiyohi County, Minnesota62,600Turkeys[6]
April 22Meeker County, Minnesota58,900Turkeys[6]
April 23Clay County, Minnesota408,500Chickens[6]
April 23Chippewa County, Wisconsin56,500Turkeys[6]
April 23Kandiyohi County, Minnesota54,300Turkeys[6]
April 24Jefferson County, Wisconsin1,031,000Chickens[6]
April 24LaMoure County, North Dakota71,500Mixed poultry[6]
April 24Kandiyohi County, Minnesota67,000Turkeys[6]
April 24Chippewa County, Minnesota64,900Turkeys[6]
April 27Sioux County, Iowa1,603,900Chickens[8]
April 27Barron County, Wisconsin83,300Turkeys[6]
April 28Sioux County, Iowa3,660,000Chickens[9]
April 28Osceola County, Iowa258,000Chickens[9]
April 28Steele County, Minnesota82,900Turkeys[6]
April 28Kandiyohi County, Minnesota50,900Turkeys[6]

April 29Stearns County, Minnesota202,500Chickens[6]
April 30Buena Vista County, Iowa449,100Turkeys[6]
April 30Barron County, Minnesota96,500Turkeys[6]
May 1Buena Vista County, Iowa4,910,600Chickens[6]

May 4Madison County, Iowa1,495,600Chickens[6]
May 5Wright County, Iowa2,821,800Chickens[6]
May 5Nicollet County, Minnesota1,102,900Chickens[6]
May 5Barron County, Wisconsin182,400Turkeys[6]
May 5Swift County, Minnesota151,300Turkeys[6]
May 5Kandiyohi County, Minnesota89,100Turkeys[6]
May 5Pipestone County, Minnesota72,200Turkeys[6]
May 5Barron County, Wisconsin57,200Turkeys[6]
May 6Kandiyohi County, Minnesota65,000Turkeys[6]
May 7Sioux County, Iowa309,900Chickens[6]
May 7Osceola County, Iowa256,000Chickens[6]
May 7Buena Vista County, Iowa52,900Turkeys[6]

May 7Sioux County, Iowa1,000,000 **Infection not listed by APHIS. Possible adjustment/redaction?**Chickens[11]-->
May 8Wright County, Iowa1,106,500Chickens[6]
May 8Sioux County, Iowa581,300Chickens[12]
May 8Sioux County, Iowa327,900Chickens[6]
May 8Sioux County, Iowa303,100Chickens[6]
May 11Swift County, Minnesota65,600Turkeys[6]
May 12Dixon County, Nebraska1,791,500Chickens[13]
May 12Wright County, Iowa966,600Chickens[6]
May 13Hutchinson County, South Dakota70,600Turkeys[6]
May 13Yankton County, South Dakota70,600Turkeys[6]
May 14Lyon County, Iowa390,000Chickens[6]
May 15Dixon County, Nebraska1,709,400Chickens[14]
May 15Buena Vista County, Iowa903,700Chickens[15]
May 15Sioux County, Iowa272,300Chickens[15]
May 15Sioux County, Iowa240,000Chickens[15]
May 18Moody County, South DakotaOriginally reported as 1.3 million birds; APHIS confirmation count was adjusted.[16]}}Chickens[6]
May 18Meeker County, Minnesota138,800Turkeys[6]
May 19Renville County, Minnesota2,045,600Chickens[17]
May 20Sioux County, Iowa240,000Chickens[6]
May 21Sac County, Iowa100,000Turkeys[6]
May 26Dixon County, NebraskaOriginally reported as 500,000 birds; APHIS confirmation count was adjusted.[18]}}Chickens[6]
May 27Knox County, Nebraska3,000,000 Chickens[5]
May 27Adair County, Iowa974,500Chickens[6]
May 27Renville County, Minnesota95,300Turkeys[6]
May 28Wright County, Iowa991,500Chickens[6]
May 28Kandiyohi County, Minnesota50,800Turkeys[6]
June 1Wright County, Iowa434,800Chickens[6]
June 1Moody County, South Dakota52,000Turkeys[6]
{{notelist}}

Control

When an infection is confirmed, all birds at the affected farm are destroyed per USDA guidelines. The birds are culled by pumping an expanding water-based foam into the barn houses, which suffocates them within minutes. The birds are then composted, usually at the location.[3][19]

References

1. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.latimes.com/business/la-fi-egg-prices-20150530-story.html |title=Avian influenza epidemic spurs nationwide rise in egg prices |author=Samantha Masunaga |publisher=Los Angeles Times |date=30 May 2015 |accessdate=1 June 2015}}
2. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2015/05/egg-farm-hit-nebraskas-first-h5n2-event |title=Egg farm hit in Nebraska's first H5N2 event |author=Robert Roos |publisher=Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (University of Minnesota) |date=12 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://www.omaha.com/money/up-to-million-chickens-to-be-destroyed-after-bird-flu/article_6ac8e690-e7aa-11e4-8574-3fb5c3c88435.html |title=Up to 5.3 million chickens to be destroyed after bird flu confirmed at Iowa farm |publisher=Omaha World Herald |date=21 April 2015 |accessdate=1 June 2015}}
4. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.journalstar.com/news/state-and-regional/truckloads-of-birds-felled-by-avian-flu-start-passing-through/article_5c41b013-bad4-517d-9f62-3afe2c95cd06.html |title=Truckloads of dead birds headed to landfills |author=Dave Dreeszen |publisher=Sioux City Journal |date=27 May 2015 |accessdate=1 June 2015 |quote=More than 25 million commercial laying hens and pullets in Iowa have been killed by the H5N2 virus or euthanized to prevent the disease from spreading further. One million turkeys also have been destroyed since the first case was confirmed in early April.}}
5. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.journalstar.com/business/local/million-hens-to-be-destroyed-on-knox-county-egg-farm/article_fdf3d783-5e2e-5908-8acc-6a09301b1c52.html |title=3 million hens to be destroyed on Knox County egg farm |author=Richard Piersol |publisher=Lincoln Journal Star |date=27 May 2015 |accessdate=1 June 2014 |quote=That makes 7 million birds that have been or will be destroyed in Nebraska since bird flu became epidemic in the upper Midwest}}
6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 {{cite web|url=http://www.aphis.usda.gov/wps/portal/aphis/ourfocus/animalhealth/sa_animal_disease_information/sa_avian_health/ct_avian_influenza_disease/!ut/p/a1/lVJNc4IwEP01PWIioMBRtBWsqFOnFbgwIQTICIkToq399Q1qHXuQtrnt7tvkfQTEIAQxQwdaIEk5Q1Vbx8NktvT0vgt1f7p2HqG_eHsK7LllLD1TASIFgHfOCP7cXz77w3b_BbrepA_XBtiAGMSYyZ0sQYR2JW0SzJkkTCYVTQUSxwfYoITvRZJzvG9OFWK0RlVSElTJ8raT0YaghiSU5VzUJxHn8YEidsVjeWkoWLUn7BN9L7ZkdphmIEp1J4dDnWiG3UeaiVNDQwM00PRBlmcZxpZhWBfxHep-Me8kXkHG05FnWnNlmGnr0J-odcsJIPSHF0CHv5HiYN19xDHB-p-iZn-IXBfBOCjUtUiWWms2CDtDOI9vQgBhRwgbF8QN-_Dd95ZMUfFU_cTN-NpUBEYsNWxFQJCcCCJ6JW8kCCvKtk2v4IeMVPRAxLGHeQ129WttG0dtmy8WWhytVvVL9AWTVtaT/?1dmy&urile=wcm%3apath%3a%2Faphis_content_library%2Fsa_our_focus%2Fsa_animal_health%2Fsa_animal_disease_information%2Fsa_avian_health%2Fsa_detections_by_states%2Fct_ai_pacific_flyway |title=Update on Avian Influenza Findings: Poultry Findings Confirmed by USDA's National Veterinary Services Laboratories |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture / Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service |date=1 June 2015 |accessdate=3 June 2015 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.kcci.com/news/how-bird-flu-outbreak-could-affect-local-grocery-stores/32476130 |title=Here's why killing 3.8M Iowa chickens gets national attention |author=Laura Nichols |publisher=KCCI News 8 (Des Moines) |date=21 April 2015 |accessdate=3 June 2015 |quote=The H5N2 virus is highly infectious and deadly, meaning up to 3.8 million hens must be destroyed at Sunrise Farms near Harris in Osceola County. An earlier estimate put the number at 5.3 million.}}
8. ^{{cite news |url=http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAAPHIS/bulletins/10199ab |title=USDA Confirms More Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza in Three Flocks in Minnesota, Iowa and Wisconsin |publisher=APHIS |date=28 April 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAAPHIS/bulletins/101d17b |title=USDA Confirms More Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza in 11 Flocks in Minnesota and Iowa |publisher=APHIS |date=29 April 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/bird-flu-outbreak-2-million-more-minnesota-chickens-to-be-killed-due-to-virus/ |title=2 million more Minnesota chickens to be killed due to bird flu |publisher=CBS |date=18 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015 |quote=Rembrandt Enterprises suffered an outbreak in its Rembrandt, Iowa, facility May 1, contaminating one barn housing about 250,000 hens.}}
11. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAAPHIS/bulletins/1037032 |title=USDA Confirms More Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza in Seven Flocks in Iowa |publisher=USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) |date=8 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
12. ^{{cite news |url=http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAAPHIS/bulletins/103d3dd |title=USDA Confirms More Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza in Five Flocks in Iowa |publisher=APHIS |date=11 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.omaha.com/money/usda-confirms-bird-flu-in-northeast-nebraska-flock-of-million/article_53bddf0a-f8e9-11e4-a96b-b3d3a2aef69a.html |title=USDA confirms bird flu in northeast Nebraska; flock of 1.7 million chickens to be killed |author=Cole Epley |author2=David Hendee |publisher=Omaha World Herald |date=12 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
14. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.omaha.com/money/nebraska-officials-confirm-nd-bird-flu-outbreak/article_2e87e0dc-fa79-11e4-bf0e-2f054f91c875.html |title=Nebraska officials confirm 2nd bird flu outbreak |author=Cole Epley |publisher=Omaha World Herald |date=14 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
15. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=http://content.govdelivery.com/accounts/USDAAPHIS/bulletins/104f34b |title=USDA Confirms More Highly Pathogenic H5N2 Avian Influenza in Five Flocks in Iowa and Nebraska |publisher=APHIS |date=18 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
16. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2015/06/avian-flu-hits-four-more-turkey-farms-midwest |title=Avian flu hits four more turkey farms in Midwest |author=Robert Roos |publisher=CIDRAP |date=1 June 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015 |quote=The previous outbreak, reported May 14, involved an egg farm with 1.3 million chickens.}}
17. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.startribune.com/renville-chicken-farm-suffers-minnesota-s-worst-bird-flu-toll/304011571/ |title=Renville chicken farm suffers Minnesota's worst bird-flu toll: A Renville operation must destroy 2 million chickens. |author=Liz Sawyer |publisher=Star Tribune |date=16 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.omaha.com/money/nebraska-confirms-its-third-case-of-bird-flu/article_6d376715-5167-5a0c-a517-b8d64f89ea92.html |title=Nebraska confirms its third case of bird flu |author=Cole Epley |publisher=Omaha World Herald |date=23 May 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}
19. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3048265/Bird-flu-takes-biggest-toll-virus-hits-chicken-farms.html |title=Iowa orders 5.3MILLION chickens destroyed as raging bird flu epidemic hits egg industry |author=Belinda Robinson |publisher=Daily Mail |date=21 April 2015 |accessdate=2 June 2015}}

External links

  • Archive of APHIS infection tally through June 1{{dead link|date=September 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}} showing 44,994,993 birds affected across 205 detections

6 : Medical outbreaks in the United States|2010s medical outbreaks|2015 health disasters|2015 disasters in the United States|Influenza pandemics|Avian influenza
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