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词条 2015 Washington wildfires
释义

  1. Progression and response

     June  Governor's action  Sleepy Hollow fire  July  August  Chelan Complex  Okanogan Complex  September 

  2. International assistance

  3. Air quality

  4. Aftermath

  5. List of fires

  6. See also

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2015}}{{Infobox wildfire
| title = 2015 Washington wildfires
| image = Wolverine Fire smoke plume (19692555814).jpg
| caption = Smoke plume over the Wolverine Fire on August 4
| cost = $253 million [1]
| injuries = 4[2]
| total_fires = 1,541[3]
| total_area = {{convert|1,005,423|acre|ha}}[3]
| fatalities = 3[4]
| is_season = yes
| year = 2015
| season_name = Washington wildfires
}}The 2015 wildfire season was the largest in Washington state history,[5] with more than {{convert|1|e6acre|ha sqmi|sigfig=2|spell=in|lk=on|sp=us}} burning across the state from June to September.[3] As many as 3,000 firefighters including 800 Washington National Guard members were deployed to fight the fires.[6][7] The 17th Field Artillery Brigade of the United States Army also deployed 200 soldiers from Joint Base Lewis–McChord to help fight the fires.[8]

On August 21, President Barack Obama declared the fires a federal emergency.[11] Because of the enormous extent of the fire activity, for the first time in Washington state history, officials asked residents to volunteer to assist in fighting the wildfires.[9] On August 24, the Washington Department of Natural Resources announced the Okanogan Complex fire had become the largest fire complex in Washington State history.[10]

The Washington State Department of Natural Resources called the season the "worst-ever" in the state's history.[11]

Progression and response

June

June 2015 was a remarkably hot month for the state of Washington, with average temperatures between {{convert|4 and 9|F-change|0}} above normal conditions, setting new records.[12][13]

By June 23, there had already been 313 wildfires across the state.[14]

Governor's action

Governor Jay Inslee issued a proclamation on June 26, declaring a state of emergency to exist in all Washington state counties, implementing the Washington State Comprehensive Emergency Management Plan, and ordering deployment of National Guard and other organized militia for incident-related service assistance, all because of the predicted risk of wildfires in the wake of significantly drier-than-average weather in June.[14][15] The Commissioner of Public Lands Peter J. Goldmark, head of the Washington Department of Natural Resources, issued an updated burn ban to the one issued June 22, as the earlier ban was superseded by the Governor's proclamation. The Commissioner's prohibition of campfires in state forests, state parks and state forestlands until September 30, 2015, was issued June 26, 2015.[14][16]

Sleepy Hollow fire

The season began unprecedentedly early with the Sleepy Hollow Fire on June 28, affecting the city of Wenatchee in Chelan County, Washington. It burned 2,950 acres, destroying 29 homes and several commercial buildings.[17] The cause of the fire is under investigation but is "likely human-caused".[18] Officials said the fire's unusual intensity was caused by drought and record high temperatures.[19] As a safety precaution, officials banned Fourth of July fireworks in many parts of the state.[20] A man was arrested in connection with the fire, confessing to starting it with a disposable lighter, but faced no charges due to his mental illness.[21]

July

By July 12, over 16,000 acres had burned, including a single fire near Ephrata, in Grant County, that had burned at least 10,000 acres.[22] Later in the month, another major fire was triggered by farm equipment near Walla Walla and burned more than 6,000 acres over two weeks.[23]

August

The extent of wildfires in August 2015 led to the federal declaration of a state of emergency in Washington state by President Barack Obama on August 21, 2015.[24][25]

By August 24, over 16 active fires had burned more than {{convert|920|sqmi|sqkm}}.[26]

On August 29 there was concern that unusually strong southerly winds would cause "significant growth" of the Tunk Block and Lime Belt fires in the Okanogan complex and growth in the Chelan complex fires. The Twisp River and Nine Mile fires were about 95 percent contained.[27]

Chelan Complex

Three fires on the south end of Lake Chelan, near the city of Chelan, merged into a complex fire and forced the immediate evacuation of over 1,000 residents on August 14.[28] By August 16, the Reach Complex Fire had grown to {{convert|54,500|acre|ha}}, while the Wolverine fire burned nearly {{convert|39,000|acre|ha}}.[29] According to Rico Smith, a spokesman for the fire fighters near Chelan, by August 29 "about 85 homes, businesses and other residences [had] been destroyed by the Chelan complex fires."[27]

Okanogan Complex

{{main|Okanogan Complex Fire}}

The Okanogan Complex Fire was formed from five separate wildfires in Okanogan County, of which all but one were caused by lightning strikes, burning approximately {{convert|96,034|acre|ha}} by August 20.[30] The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) authorized the use of federal grants on August 14 for the Nine Mile Fire, one of the five fires that are part of the Okanogan Complex, determining that it constituted a "major disaster".[31] Over 1,300 residents in the towns of Twisp and Winthrop were ordered to evacuate because of the approaching Twisp River Fire.[2] On August 19, 2015, three firefighters were killed battling a wildfire near Twisp.[32]

By August 24, the fire had grown to {{convert|256,657|acre|ha}},[33] surpassing the Carlton Complex fire of 2014 to become the largest wildfire complex in Washington state history.[26] By August 28 "at least 45 primary residences, 49 cabins and 60 outbuildings [were] destroyed in the Okanogan complex fires."[27] The size of the complex peaked at {{convert|304,782|acre|ha}} on August 30,[34] before the transfer of the {{convert|161,440|acre|ha|adj=mid}} Tunk Block Fire under the North Star Fire on August 31.[35]

September

{{empty section|date=January 2016}}

International assistance

After the emergency declaration in August, President Obama[9] asked Australian Fire Services (including those of the Black Saturday bushfires) to aid the depleted American services.[36] By August 24, about 70 fire managers from Australia and New Zealand arrived at the National Interagency Fire Center in Boise, Idaho, to be briefed and provided with gear before heading west to fight the fires.[37]

Air quality

As a result of the wildfires, air quality across the state and into Canada[38] dropped to unhealthy levels in many cities and led to the issuing of several air quality alerts by the U.S. National Weather Service[39][40] and Environment Canada. Omak, located {{convert|15|mi|km}} northeast of the Okanogan Complex fire, reported an air quality index rating of 500 on August 24.[41][42] The city of Spokane, {{convert|150|mi|km}} from the fires, reported a rating of 188 on August 24, forcing high school athletics and other outdoor activities to be canceled.[41][43] By Tuesday, August 25, Environment Canada had posted an Air Quality Health Index alert for cities as far away as Calgary, Alberta—{{convert|400|mi|km}}—with a score of 12. The Canadian Air Quality Health Index, measured on a scale of one to 10-plus with 10 as "very high risk", is based on measurements of "ozone at ground level, particulate matter and nitrogen dioxide".[44][45] By Wednesday the third day of the thick haze of smoke, air quality in Calgary scored 17.[46][47]

Smoke from the Chelan Complex fire was pushed westward over Seattle and the Puget Sound region by upper level winds on August 22, causing hazy weather and worsened air quality for several days.[48][49]

Aftermath

In December, Governor Jay Inslee proposed a supplemental budget that included $178 million to cover the costs incurred by the state in fighting the wildfires.[50][51]

List of fires

{{As of|2015|8|28|df=US}}[52]

NameLocationArea burned{{refn|group=n|name=burned|At greatest extent.DatesCauseNotes
AcresHectaresBegan/ReportedEnded{{refn|group=n|name=ended|Indicates date the fire was declared 100% contained.
231 fire Spokane Indian Reservation and Stevens County1,138|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|03}}2015|07|12}} Under investigation
Alder Lake fire Gifford Pinchot National Forest253|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|26}} Active (10% contained) Lightning
Blankenship fire Okanogan and Wenatchee national forests180|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|14}} Active
Blue Creek fire Walla Walla County6,004|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|20}} Active (95% contained) Under investigation
Carpenter Road fire Spokane Indian Reservation and Stevens County46,691|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|12}} Active (25% contained) Unknown
Chelan Complex Chelan County90,210|acre|ha|disp=table}} 2015|08|14}} Active (52% contained) Complex of 5 fires
Colville Complex Ferry and Stevens counties9,879|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|14}} Active (48% contained) Complex of 3 fires
Cougar Creek Yakama Indian Reservation and Gifford Pinchot National Forest49,200|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|10}} Active (25% contained) Lightning
Douglas County Complex Douglas County22,337|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|10}}2015|07|15}} Lightning Complex of 2 fires
Grizzly Bear Complex Umatilla National Forest72,421|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|13}} Active (10% contained) Lightning Complex of 17 fires; includes portion in Oregon
Highway 8 fire Klickitat County33,100|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|04}} Active (95% contained) Unknown
Kaniksu Complex Colville National Forest and Pend Oreille County16,335|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|11}} Active (10% contained) Lightning Complex of 7 fires
Kettle Complex Ferry County62,292|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|11}} Active (16% contained) Lightning Complex of 3 fires
Marble Valley Stevens County3,087|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|14}} Active (85% contained) Unknown
Mount Adams Complex Gifford Pinchot National Forest405|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|10}} Active (78% contained) Unknown Complex of 4 fires
Newby Lake fire Okanogan and Wenatchee national forests5,065|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|02}} Active (95% contained) Lightning Includes portion in British Columbia
North Boulder 2 Ferry County233|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|20}} Active (80% contained) Lightning
North Star Colville Indian Reservation, Colville National Forest,
and Okanogan and Ferry counties		192,900|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|13}} Active (22% contained) Human
Okanogan Complex Okanogan County302,224|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|15}} Active (12% contained) Lightning Complex of 5 fires; second-largest in Washington state history[26]
Includes portion in British Columbia
Paradise Fire Olympic National Park2,796|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|05|15}} Active (40% contained) Lightning
PC Complex Clark and Cowlitz counties129|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|16}}2015|07|24}} Human Complex of 5 fires
Saddle Lakes fire Saddle Mountain National Wildlife Refuge14,357|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|06|28}}2015|07|16}} Lightning
Sleepy Hollow fire Chelan County2,950|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|06|28}}2015|07|06}} Human[53]
Thunder Creek North Cascades National Park103|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|05|30}} Active (60% contained) Lightning
Twenty-One Mile Grade Colville Indian Reservation2,250|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|01}}2015|07|10}} Human
Upper Skagit Complex North Cascades National Park7,878|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|08|10}} Active (37% contained) Lightning Complex of 8 fires
Williams fire Stevens County332|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|07|03}}2015|07|10}} Under investigation
Wolverine fire Wenatchee National Forest62,167|acre|ha|disp=table}}2015|06|29}} Active (28% contained) Lightning Part of Chelan Complex
Notes
1. ^{{cite news |last=Mapes |first=Jeff |url=http://www.oregonlive.com/mapes/index.ssf/2015/09/after_wildfires_raged_in_the_w.html |title=After wildfires rage in the West, Congress moves to provide $700 million in emergency aid |newspaper=The Oregonian |date=September 30, 2015 |accessdate=December 2, 2015}}
2. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/sheriff-firefighters-killed-washington-state-wildfire-33191813 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150825044915/http://abcnews.go.com/US/wireStory/sheriff-firefighters-killed-washington-state-wildfire-33191813 |archivedate=August 25, 2015 |title=3 Firefighters Die in Wildfire After Vehicle Crashes |work=ABC News |last1=Warren |first1=Ted S. |last2=Johnson |first2=Gene |agency=Associated Press |date=August 20, 2015}}
3. ^1 2 {{cite news |date=September 30, 2015 |title=2015 Northwest Fire Statistics to Date |url=http://www.nwccinfo.blogspot.com/2015/10/10212015-orwa-statistics-9302015.html |work=NWCC Info |publisher=Northwest Interagency Coordination Center |accessdate=December 2, 2015}}
4. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.foxnews.com/us/2015/08/21/three-firefighters-killed-in-washington-state-wildfire-identified-officials/ |title=Fallen firefighters remembered as heroes as thousands battle blazes across west |work=Fox News |date=August 21, 2015}}
5. ^{{cite news |last1=Kamb |first1=Lewis |last2=Doughton |first2=Sandi |last3=González |first3=Ángel |date=August 21, 2015 |title=Washington wildfires rage; Obama declares state of emergency |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/northwest/friday-wildfire-update/ |newspaper=The Seattle Times |accessdate=January 10, 2016}}
6. ^{{cite news |date=August 21, 2015 |title=Wildfires explode in size as high winds blast region |url=http://www.komonews.com/news/local/Mother-of-fallen-firefighter-He-was-the-center-of-our-lives-322513441.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151220102826/http://www.komonews.com/news/local/Mother-of-fallen-firefighter-He-was-the-center-of-our-lives-322513441.html |archivedate=December 20, 2015 |work=KOMO-TV |accessdate=August 22, 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|title = On the front lines: 800 National Guard troops join battle against raging wildfires|url = http://q13fox.com/2015/08/24/on-the-front-lines-800-national-guard-troops-join-battle-against-raging-wildfires/|website = Q13 FOX News|accessdate = December 2, 2015}}
8. ^{{cite web |date = August 24, 2015|title = On the Front Lines|url = http://q13fox.com/2015/08/24/on-the-front-lines-800-national-guard-troops-join-battle-against-raging-wildfires/ |publisher = Q13 FOX News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151202224306/http://q13fox.com/2015/08/24/on-the-front-lines-800-national-guard-troops-join-battle-against-raging-wildfires/ |archivedate=December 2, 2015 |deadurl=no |accessdate=December 2, 2015}}
9. ^1 2 {{cite news |date=August 21, 2015 |title=Washington recruits volunteer firefighters as wildfires declared federal emergency |url=https://www.rt.com/usa/313078-washington-wildfires-volunteers-federal-emergency/ |work=RT |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150823222026/https://www.rt.com/usa/313078-washington-wildfires-volunteers-federal-emergency/ |archivedate=August 23, 2015 |accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
10. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/okanogan-complex-fire-the-largest-in-washington-state-history-1.3201906 |title=Okanogan Complex fire the largest in Washington state history |publisher=CBC News |date=August 25, 2015 |accessdate=August 26, 2015 |agency=Associated Press |location=Ottawa, Ontario}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=2015 Wildfire Summary |url=http://file.dnr.wa.gov/publications/em_wildfire_summary_2015.pdf |publisher=Washington State Department of Natural Resources |accessdate=August 22, 2016}}
12. ^{{cite news |last=Broom |first=Jack |date=July 1, 2015 |title=June breaks record as warmest, fanning fears of more fires |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/weather/hottest-ever-june-melts-into-july/ |work=The Seattle Times |accessdate=December 31, 2016}}
13. ^{{cite web |date=July 7, 2015 |title=June Event Summary |url=http://www.climate.washington.edu/newsletter/2015Julv2.pdf |publisher=Office of the Washington Climatologist |accessdate=December 31, 2016}}
14. ^1 2 {{cite press release |date=June 26, 2015 |title=Governor Inslee and Commissioner of Public Lands Goldmark take steps to reduce wildfire risk |url=http://www.governor.wa.gov/news-media/governor-inslee-and-commissioner-public-lands-goldmark-take-steps-reduce-wildfire-risk |publisher=Office of the Governor of Washington |accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
15. ^{{cite web |last=Inslee |first=Jay |authorlink=Jay Inslee |date=June 26, 2015 |title=Proclamation by the Governor 15–11 |url=http://www.governor.wa.gov/sites/default/files/proclamations/proc_15-11.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Office of the Governor of Washington |accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
16. ^{{cite web|last1=Goldmark|first1=Peter J.|url=http://wa-dnr.s3.amazonaws.com/publications/rp_commissioner_order_06262015.pdf|title=Commissioner's Order 201526|publisher=Washington Department of Natural Resources|accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4339/25557/|title=Sleepy Hollow Final Update 7_4_15|date=July 4, 2015|work=Inciweb|publisher=National Wildfire Coordinating Group|accessdate=July 7, 2015}}
18. ^{{cite news|url=http://legacy.king5.com/story/news/local/wildfires/2015/07/06/sleepy-hollow-fire-person-interest/29767871/|title=Sleepy Hollow Fire person of interest sought|date=July 6, 2015|work=KING-TV|accessdate=July 7, 2015}}
19. ^{{cite news|url=http://touch.latimes.com/#section/-1/article/p2p-83924645/|title=Washington's wildfire season gets off to an early, unprecedented start|last=La Ganga|first=Maria|date=July 4, 2015|work=Los Angeles Times|accessdate=July 7, 2015}}
20. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.kiro7.com/news/forks-officials-cancel-fireworks-display-vendor-cl/28705508|title=Bans in effect across Washington state for fireworks|date=July 2, 2015|agency=Associated Press|work=KIRO-TV|accessdate=July 7, 2015}}
21. ^{{cite news |last=Robbins |first=Jefferson |date=December 7, 2016 |title=Criminal charge dismissed for Sleepy Hollow Fire suspect |url=https://www.wenatcheeworld.com/news/2016/dec/07/criminal-charge-dismissed-for-sleepy-hollow-fire-suspect/ |work=Wenatchee World |accessdate=March 15, 2017}}
22. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.cnn.com/2015/07/12/us/washington-wildfire/ | title=Wildfires engulf swaths of Washington state | publisher=CNN | date=July 12, 2015 | accessdate=August 25, 2015}}
23. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nbcrightnow.com/story/29601820/blue-creek-fire-outside-walla-walla-continues-to-grow | title=UPDATE: Evacuation Notices & Road Closures Lifted for Blue Creek Fire Near Walla Walla | publisher=NBC Right Now | date=August 7, 2015 | accessdate=August 25, 2015}}
24. ^{{cite press release |date=August 21, 2015 |title=President Obama Signs Washington Emergency Declaration |url=https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2015/08/21/president-obama-signs-washington-emergency-declaration |publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency |accessdate=August 21, 2015}}
25. ^{{cite news |last=Camden |first=Jim |date=August 21, 2015 |title=Obama signs Emergency Declaration for Washington |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/aug/21/obama-signs-emergency-declaration-washington/ |newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |accessdate=August 21, 2015}}
26. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Fieldstadt |first=Elisha |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Okanogan Complex: Washington Wildfire Is Now Largest in State History |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/western-wildfires/okanogan-complex-washington-wildfire-now-largest-state-history-n414916 |publisher=NBC News |agency=Associated Press |accessdate=August 24, 2015}}
27. ^1 2 {{cite web | url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/northwest/washington-wildfires-saturday-firefighters-fear-the-winds-2/ | title=Firefighters fear wildfires will be spurred by winds | publisher=Seattle News | date=August 29, 2015 | accessdate=August 29, 2015}}
28. ^{{cite news |last1=Bush |first1=Evan |last2=Lee |first2=Jessica |date=August 14, 2015 |title=Merged wildfires surround Chelan, prompt massive evacuation |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/lightning-sparks-fires-across-eastern-washington/ |newspaper=The Seattle Times |accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
29. ^{{cite news |last1=O'Sullivan |first=Joseph |last2=Day |first2=Matt |date=August 16, 2015 |title=160 homes threatened near Chelan, thousands evacuated |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/160-homes-threatened-near-chelan-thousands-evacuated/ |newspaper=The Seattle Times |accessdate=August 16, 2015}}
30. ^{{cite web |date=August 20, 2015 |title=Okanogan Complex Fire Update |url=http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4534/27601/ |work=InciWeb |publisher=National Wildfire Coordinating Group |accessdate=August 20, 2015}}
31. ^{{cite press release |date=August 14, 2015 |title=FEMA provides federal funds to help fight Nine Mile Fire |url=https://www.fema.gov/news-release/2015/08/14/fema-provides-federal-funds-help-fight-nine-mile-fire |publisher=Federal Emergency Management Agency |accessdate=August 14, 2015}}
32. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/western-wildfires/forest-service-identifies-three-firefighters-killed-washington-blaze-n413436 | title=Three Firefighters Killed in Washington Blaze Identified | work=NBC News | date=August 21, 2015 | accessdate=August 21, 2015 |last=Johnson |first=M. Alex}}
33. ^{{cite press release |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Okanogan Complex Update – August 24 |url=http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4534/27980/ |work=InciWeb |publisher=National Wildfire Coordinating Group |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150824194958/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4534/27980/ |archivedate=August 24, 2015 |deadurl=no |accessdate=August 24, 2015}}
34. ^{{cite press release |date=August 30, 2015 |title=Okanogan Complex Update - August 30 |url=http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4534/28596/ |work=InciWeb |publisher=National Wildfire Coordinating Group |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150901030831/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4534/28596/ |archivedate=September 1, 2015 |deadurl=no |accessdate=September 4, 2015}}
35. ^{{cite press release |date=August 31, 2015 |title=Okanogan Complex and Chelan Complex Fire Update for Aug. 31, 2015 |url=http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4534/28715/ |work=InciWeb |publisher=National Wildfire Coordinating Group |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150904225200/http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/incident/article/4534/28715/ |archivedate=September 4, 2015 |deadurl=no |accessdate=September 4, 2015}}
36. ^{{citation |url=http://www.9news.com.au/national/2015/08/25/19/49/victorian-firefighters-to-join-us-fight-against-wildfires |title=Australian firefighters head to US to help battle wildfires |date=August 25, 2015 |accessdate=August 25, 2015 |work= Ninemsn}}
37. ^{{cite web | url=http://legacy.krem.com/story/news/local/wildfire/2015/08/24/idaho-firefighters-make-progress-international-help-arrives/32278771/ | title=Idaho firefighters make progress, international help arrives | work=Krem via Associated Press | date=August 24, 2015 | accessdate=August 26, 2015 | location=Boise, Idaho}}
38. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/okanogan-complex-fire-the-largest-in-washington-state-history-1.3201906 | title=Okanogan Complex fire the largest in Washington state history: Smoke from the massive fire has led to smoke advisories across B.C. |work=CBC |agency=The Associated Press | date=August 24, 2015 | accessdate=August 26, 2015}}
39. ^{{cite web |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Air Quality Alert |url=http://forecast.weather.gov/wwamap/wwatxtget.php?cwa=usa&wwa=air%20quality%20alert |publisher=National Weather Service |accessdate=August 24, 2015}}
40. ^{{cite news |last=Dolce |first=Chris |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Satellite Images Show Air Quality Is Worse in Some Northwestern Towns Than Beijing |url=http://www.weather.com/news/news/northwest-air-quality-wildfire-smoke |publisher=The Weather Channel |accessdate=August 24, 2015}}
41. ^1 {{cite news |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Spokane air will stay unhealthy through Wednesday |url=http://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/aug/24/spokane-air-will-stay-unhealthy-through-wednesday/ |newspaper=The Spokesman-Review |accessdate=August 24, 2015}}
42. ^{{cite news |last=Trotter |first=Molly |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Okanogan air quality drops from wildfires |url=http://legacy.krem.com/story/news/local/wildfire/2015/08/19/omak-flats-area--level-3-evacuations/32034059/ |publisher=KREM-TV |accessdate=August 24, 2015}}
43. ^{{cite news |last=McCann |first=Erin |date=August 24, 2015 |title=Washington wildfires break state record: just how big is the blaze? |url=https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2015/aug/24/washington-wildfires-okanogan-complex |newspaper=The Guardian |accessdate=August 24, 2015}}
44. ^{{cite web | url=http://news.nationalpost.com/news/canada/environment-canada-declares-calgarys-air-quality-very-high-risk-as-smoke-blankets-city-skies | title=Environment Canada declares Calgary's air quality 'very high risk' as smoke blankets city skies | work=National Post via Postmedia News | date=August 25, 2015 | accessdate=August 26, 2015 | location=Calgary, Alberta}}
45. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.metronews.ca/news/calgary/2015/08/25/some-calgarians-desperate-for-fresh-air-as-heavy-smoke-lingers.html | title=Some Calgarians desperate for fresh air as heavy smoke lingers Extremely poor air quality especially hard on people with asthma, kids, and athletes | publisher=Metro News | date=August 25, 2015 | accessdate=August 26, 2015 | author=Jeremy Simes, Lucie Edwardson | location=Calgary, Alberta}}
46. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.theweathernetwork.com/news/articles/wildfire-smoke-darkens-western-skies/56119/ | title=Poor air quality off the charts as smoke chokes the west | work=The Weather Network | date=August 26, 2015 | accessdate=August 26, 2015 | author=Daniel Martins | location=Calgary, Alberta}}
47. ^{{cite web | url=http://globalnews.ca/news/2185929/third-day-of-bad-air-quality-in-calgary-causing-health-concerns/ | title=Third day of bad air quality in Calgary, causing health concerns | publisher=Global News | date=August 26, 2015 | accessdate=August 26, 2015 | author=Melissa Ramsay | location=Calgary, Alberta}}
48. ^{{cite news |date=August 22, 2014 |title=Smoky skies cause air quality concerns |url=http://legacy.king5.com/story/news/local/wildfires/2015/08/22/wildfire-smoke-causes-hazy-skies--western-washington/32204459/ |work=KING-TV |accessdate=August 22, 2015}}
49. ^{{cite news |last=Sistek |first=Scott |date=August 22, 2015 |title=Watch: 'Smoke front' from Chelan wildfires moves into Seattle area |url=http://komonews.com/weather/scotts-weather-blog/watch-smoke-front-from-chelan-wildfires-moves-into-seattle-area |work=KOMO-TV |accessdate=August 22, 2015}}
50. ^{{cite news |last=Dial |first=Tracci |date=December 17, 2015 |title=Washington Gov. Jay Inslee Addresses Wildfire Costs, Mental Health in Supplement Budget Proposal |url=http://www.nbcrightnow.com/story/30779392/washington-gov-jay-inslee-addresses-wildfire-costs-mental-health-in-supplement-budget-proposal |publisher=NBC Right Now |location=Yakima, Washington |accessdate=January 18, 2016}}
51. ^{{cite news |last=O'Sullivan |first=Joseph |date=January 12, 2016 |title=State of the State: Inslee wants money for schools, mental health, wildfires |url=http://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/state-of-the-state-inslee-wants-funds-for-schools-mental-health-wildfires/ |newspaper=The Seattle Times |accessdate=January 18, 2016}}
52. ^{{cite web |date=August 23, 2015 |title=Washington Incidents |url=http://inciweb.nwcg.gov/state/49/ |work=Inciweb |publisher=National Wildfire Coordinating Group |accessdate=August 23, 2015}}
53. ^{{cite news |date=March 24, 2016 |title=Man arrested, charged with arson in Sleepy Hollow Fire that destroyed nearly 30 homes |url=http://q13fox.com/2016/03/24/man-arrested-charged-with-arson-in-sleepy-hollow-fire-that-destroyed-nearly-30-homes/ |publisher=Q13 FOX News |accessdate=May 23, 2016}}

See also

  • 2015 California wildfires
  • 2015 Oregon wildfires
{{Portalbar|Forestry|Fire|Washington}}

References

{{Reflist|30em}}

External links

{{commons category|2015 wildfires in Washington (state)}}
  • Inciweb
  • NWCC – Northwest Fire Locations
{{Washington wildfires}}

4 : 2015 in Washington (state)|2015 natural disasters in the United States|2015 wildfires|Wildfires in Washington (state) by year
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