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词条 2016 Russian legislative election
释义

  1. Background

  2. Electoral system

  3. Chronology

  4. Conduct

  5. Participating parties

     Parties that participated in the election  Parties that did not participate in the election  Single-member constituencies 

  6. Opinion polls

  7. Exit polls

  8. Results

     By region  By constituency 

  9. Notes

  10. References

  11. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2011}}{{Infobox election
| election_name = Russian legislative election, 2016
| country = Russian Federation
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = Russian legislative election, 2011
| previous_year = 2011
| election_date = 18 September 2016
| next_election = Russian legislative election, 2021
| next_year = 2021
| seats_for_election = All 450 seats to the State Duma
| majority_seats = 226
| turnout = 47.88%
| image1 =
| candidate1 =
| leader1 = Dmitry Medvedev
| party1 = United Russia
| leader_since1 = 26 May 2012
| leaders_seat1 = Federal List
| last_election1 = 238 seats, 49.32%
| seats1 = 343[1]
| seat_change1 = {{increase}} 105
| popular_vote1 = 28,527,828
| percentage1 = 54.20%
| swing1 = {{increase}} 4.87%
| map_image = 2016 Russian legislative election maps.svg
| map_size = 400px
| map_caption = The upper map shows the winning party vote in the territorial election commissions, the lower map shows the party of the winner and his vote in the single mandate constituencies.
| title = Chairman
| before_election = Sergey Naryshkin
| before_party = United Russia
| posttitle = Chairman
| after_election = Vyacheslav Volodin
| after_party = United Russia
| image2 =
| leader2 = Gennady Zyuganov
| candidate2 =
| party2 = Communist Party of the Russian Federation
| leader_since2 = 14 February 1993
| leaders_seat2 = Federal List
| last_election2 = 92 seats, 19.19%
| seats2 = 42
| seat_change2 = {{decrease}} 50
| popular_vote2 = 7,019,752
| percentage2 = 13.34%
| swing2 = {{decrease}} 5.85%
| image3=
| leader3= Vladimir Zhirinovsky
| candidate3 =
| party3= Liberal Democratic Party of Russia
| leader_since3 = 12 April 1991
| last_election3 =56 seats, 11.67%
| leaders_seat3 = Federal List
| seats3 = 39
| seat_change3 = {{decrease}} 17
| popular_vote3 =6,917,063
| percentage3 = 13.14%
| swing3 = {{increase}} 1.47%
| image4 =
| leader4 = Sergey Mironov
| candidate4 =
| party4 = A Just Russia
| leader_since4 = 27 October 2013
| leaders_seat4 = Federal List
| last_election4 = 64 seats, 13.24%
| seats4 = 23
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 41
| popular_vote4 = 3,275,053
| percentage4 = 6.22%
| swing4 = {{decrease}} 7.02%
| image5=
| leader5= Aleksey Zhuravlyov
| candidate5 =
| party5= Rodina (political party)
| leader_since5 = 29 September 2012
| last_election5 = —
| leaders_seat5 = Anna / Federal List
| seats5 = 1
| seat_change5 = {{increase}}1
| popular_vote5 = 792,226
| percentage5 = 1.51%
| swing5 = {{increase}}1.51%
| image6 =
| leader6 = Rifat Shaykhutdinov
| candidate6 =
| party6 = Civic Platform (Russia)
| leader_since6 = 17 April 2015
| leaders_seat6 = Neftekamsk / Federal List
| last_election6 = —
| seats6 = 1
| seat_change6 = {{increase}}1
| popular_vote6 = 115,433
| percentage6 = 0.22%
| swing6 = {{increase}} 0.22%
}}

Legislative elections were held in Russia on 18 September 2016, having been brought forward from 4 December.[2] At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma of the 7th convocation, the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia. Prior to the election United Russia had been the ruling party since winning the 2011 elections with 49.32% of the vote, and taking 238 seats (53%) of the seats in the State Duma.

Prior to the election, observers expected that turnout would be low and called the election campaign the dullest in recent memory.[3]

109,820,679 voters were registered in the Russian Federation (including Crimea{{#tag:ref|Recognized by most members of the UN as part of Ukraine.[3]|group=nb}}) on 1 January 2016. Taking into account people registered outside the Russian Federation and the voters in Baikonur, the total number of eligible voters for 1 January 2016 was 111,724,534.[4] The vote had a record low turnout of 47.88%,[5] with just 28% of Muscovites casting their votes before 6pm.[6]

Background

Although the elections had been planned for 4 December 2016, deputies discussed the issue of rescheduling to an earlier date since the spring of 2015, with the second and third Sundays of September or October 2016 as possible alternatives. On 1 July 2015 the Constitutional Court of Russia accepted the possibility of conducting early elections to the Duma in 2016 under certain conditions. According to the Court, the constitution does not require the election date to be exactly five years after the previous elections and the election date can be shifted if the following conditions are met:[7]

  • Shifting of the election date does not disrupt reasonable periodicity of elections.
  • Limiting of the real terms of the Duma deputies is insignificant (less than a few months).
  • Shifting of the election dates is announced in advance, so to give all the parties enough time to prepare for the elections.

On 19 June 2015 the State Duma approved the first reading of a bill to bring the election to the State Duma forward from 4 December 2016 to the third Sunday of September 2016. The corresponding bill was adopted by the State Duma on the second and third (and final) reading with 339 deputies in favour and 102 against, with no abstentions. The document was put together by the speaker of the Duma, Sergei Naryshkin, and the three leaders of the Duma factions, Vladimir Vasilyev (United Russia), Vladimir Zhirinovsky (LDPR), and Sergei Mironov (A Just Russia). The initiative to transfer the date of elections had not been supported by the deputies of the Communist Party, who called it an unconstitutional decision. Earlier, a similar opinion was expressed by the leader of the Communist Party, Gennady Zyuganov. The September elections were not satisfactory to the Communists in part because the debate fell in August, "when one will be in the garden, the latter on the beach, others with their children" said Zyuganov. The Russian government supported the bill.

On 17 June 2016 President Vladimir Putin signed a decree on the appointment of the State Duma elections on 18 September 2016.[8] From that day parties had the right to start the nomination process for deputies to hold congresses and transmit documents of candidates to the Central Election Commission of the Russian Federation (CEC) for registration.[9]

For the first time since the controversial and unilateral 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea (from Ukraine), Crimean voters could vote in a Russian general election.[10] Ukraine strongly condemned the vote.[11] Various countries (among them the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and France) did not recognize the legitimacy of the election in Crimea.[12][13][14] According to Russia correspondent for Al Jazeera English Rory Challands, (on election day) "Despite many Crimeans voting in Russian elections for 1st time, there's little excitement. Main sentiments so far are apathy and cynicism."[15] Scuffles between police and Ukrainian nationalists were reported near polling stations for Russian citizens in (the Ukrainian cities) Kiev and Odessa.[10][16]

In Syria, 4,751 Russian citizens (most of them taking part in the Russian military intervention in Syria) voted.[17]

Electoral system

The State Duma is elected on a single election day for a term of five years, with parallel voting that was used between 1993 and 2003.

Out of 450 seats, 225 are elected by proportional representation from party lists with a 5% electoral threshold, the whole country forming a single constituency. Each political party should adopt a party list which should be divided into a federal part and regional groups. The federal part should have from 1 to 10 candidates, with the rest of the party list candidates comprising the regional groups. There should be at least 35 regional groups. Total number of candidates in a party list should be between 200 and 400.

Seats are allocated using Hare quota and largest remainder method.

The other 225 seats are elected in single-member constituencies using the first-past-the-post system.[18]

Chronology

On 17 June, President Vladimir Putin set the date of the election as 18 September 2016. On 20 June the Central Election Commission approved the calendar of the election campaign.[19]

  • From 18 June to 13 July — Period for nomination of candidates (parties in the federal list and single-mandate constituencies, self-nominated in single member constituencies).
  • From 4 July to 3 August — Period of registration of federal lists of candidates to the Central Election Commission and of the registration of candidates in single-member constituencies in the district election commissions.
  • 12 August — Draw that decided allocation of parties on the federal-list ballot was held.[20]
  • 16 and 18 August — Draw that decided distribution of free TV time (16 August) and free space for parties or candidates in newspapers (18 August) was held.[21]
  • From 20 August to 16 September — Election campaign.
  • From 3 August to 6 September — Territorial election commissions issue absentee ballots.
  • From 7 to 17 September — Voters can get absentee ballots through election commissions at polling station.
  • 17 September — Day of Election silence.
  • 18 September — Election day.

Conduct

The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe published its full report of the election on 23 December 2016. It noted many problems with the election, such as the lack of "clear political alternatives [with the main four parliamentary parties, limiting] voters' choice", over-regulation of the registration of political parties, lack of proper conduct during counting of votes, voters not folding their ballots on 70% of occasions and lack of transparency of campaign finance.[22]

Participating parties

The Central Election Commission determined that 14 political parties could submit lists of candidates without collecting signatures.[23] Whilst other parties were required to present at least 200,000 signatures (with a maximum of 7,000 signatures per region).[18]

Parties that participated in the election

Fourteen parties were registered to participate in the election. These are the same fourteen parties that did not have to collect signatures in order to participate. None of the parties tasked with collecting signatures were registered on the ballot due to various violations or failure to submit documents.

№ on ballotPartyAbb.|AbbreviationParty leader№ 1 in party listConvention date[24]IdeologyContesting on party list? [25]Contesting on SMC? [25] Notes
1RodinaRodinaAleksey ZhuravlyovAleksey Zhuravlyov2 July 2016National conservatism / Ultranationalism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 8 August[26]
2Communists of RussiaCoRMaxim SuraykinMaxim Suraykin1 July 2016Communism / Marxism–Leninism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 3 August[27]
3Russian Party of Pensioners for JusticeRPPJVladimir BurakovVladimir Burakov9 July 2016Social conservatism✓✘CEC registered the list of candidates on 12 August[28]
4United RussiaURDmitry MedvedevDmitry Medvedev26–27 June 2016Statism / Centrism / National conservatism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 12 August[33]
5Russian Ecological Party "The Greens"GreensAnatoly Panfilov|2=ru|3=Панфилов, Анатолий Алексеевич|preserve=1}}Oleg Mitvol6 July 2016Environmentalism / Centrism / Green politics✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 29 July[29]
6Civic PlatformCPlRifat ShaykhutdinovRifat Shaykhutdinov2 July 2016Conservatism / Economic Liberalism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 27 July[30]
7Liberal Democratic Party of RussiaLDPRVladimir ZhirinovskyVladimir Zhirinovsky28 June 2016Russian nationalism / Pan-Slavism / Euroscepticism / Anticommunism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 18 July[31]
8People's Freedom PartyPARNASMikhail KasyanovMikhail Kasyanov2 July 2016Conservative liberalism / Liberal democracy / Pro-Europeanism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 3 August[32]
9Party of GrowthPoGBoris TitovBoris Titov4 July 2016Liberal conservatism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 1 August[33]
10Civilian PowerCPoKirill BykaninKirill Bykanin8 July 2016Liberalism / Green politics✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 3 August[34]
11YablokoYablokoEmilia SlabunovaGrigory Yavlinsky1–3 July 2016Social liberalism / Pro-Europeanism / Social democracy✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 5 August[35]
12Communist Party of the Russian FederationCPRFGennady ZyuganovGennady Zyuganov25 June 2016Communism / Left-wing nationalism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 1 August[36]
13Patriots of RussiaPoRGennady SemiginGennady Semigin1 July 2016Democratic socialism / Left-wing nationalism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 27 July[37]
14A Just RussiaJRSergey MironovSergey Mironov27 June 2016Social democracy / Democratic socialism✓✓CEC registered the list of candidates on 22 July[38]

Parties that did not participate in the election

PartyAbb.|AbbreviationParty leader№ 1 in party listConvention date[24]Ideology Notes
Alliance of Greens and Social DemocratsAGSDAlexander ZakondyrinAlexander Zakondyrin2 July 2016Grassroots democracyBarred from the election because the party leadership did not notify the CEC about holding a pre-election convention[39]
Great Fatherland PartyGFPNikolai StarikovNikolai Starikov28 June 2016Centrism / National conservatismCEC refused to register the list of candidates[40]
Native PartyNPAlexander Samokhin—24 June 2016Party failed to submit the necessary signatures and as such will not be participating in the election[41]
Party of Good DeedsPGDAndrey Kirillov—2 July 2016Party did not submit documents to the CEC[48]
Party of the Parents of FuturePPFMarina Voronova——Party failed to submit the necessary signatures and as such will not be participating in the election[42]
Party of Rural RevivalPRRVasily Vershinin—6 July 2016AgrarianismAnnounced that it would not be taking part in the election.[43] However, nominated several candidates in single-member districts
Party of Social ReformsPSRStanislav Polishchuk—26 June 2016Barred from the election due to critical deficiencies in the documents filed with the CEC[44]
People Against CorruptionPACGrigory Anisimov—22 June 2016Party did not submit documents to the CEC[45]
Revival of Agrarian RussiaRARVasily Krylov—5 July 2016AgrarianismCEC refused to certify the list of candidates[46]
Union of LaborULAlexander ShershukovSvetlana Antropova21 June 2016CEC refused to register the list of candidates[40]
VolyaVolyaSvetlana PeunovaMarina Gerasimova25 June and 2 July 2016Left-wing nationalism / Democratic socialism / NarodniksParty failed to submit the necessary signatures and as such will not be participating in the election[47]

Single-member constituencies

In 225 single-member constituencies, candidates could be nominated by a party, or be self-nominated.

Opinion polls

{{main|Opinion polling for the Russian legislative election, 2016}}

Exit polls

DatePoll sourceURCPRFLDPRJRPARNASYablokoCPlRodinaPoRGreensPoG{{#tag:ref|In opinion polls often found under the old name of "Right Cause"|group=nbCoRRPPJCPoSpoilt voteLead
18 September 2016[https://wciom.ru/index.php?id=236&uid=115870 WCIOM]44.5%14.9%15.3%8.1%1.2%3.5%0.3%2.3%0.8%0.8%1.8%2.6%2%0.2%1.7%29.2% over LDPR
18 September 2016FOM48.4%16.3%14.2%7.6%1%3.2%0.2%1.8%0.6%0.8%1.5%1.5%1.9%0.1%?32.1% over CPRF

Results

United Russia won a supermajority of seats, which will allow them to change the Constitution without the votes of other parties. Turnout was reported as low. Throughout the day there were reports of voting fraud including video purporting to show officials stuffing ballot boxes.[48] Additionally, results in many regions demonstrate that United Russia on many poll stations got anomalously close results, for example, 62.2% in more than hundred poll stations in Saratov Oblast. This suggests that the results in these regions likely have been rigged.[49] The government said there was no evidence of any large scale cheating.[50] However, on 22 September the Central Electoral Committee canceled the results in seven constituencies, where the number of used ballots exceeded the number of registered voters, or where the authorities were videotaped stuffing the ballots.[51] According to research by University of Michigan political scientists Kirill Kalinin and Walter R. Mebane, Jr., the election results are fraudulent.[52]

PartyParty listConstituencyTotal result
Votes%±ppSeatsVotes%SeatsSeats+/–
United Russia28,527,82855.23+5.1314025,162,77050.12203343+105
Communist Party of the Russian Federation7,019,75213.59–5.91356,492,14512.93742−50
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia6,917,06313.39+1.53345,064,79410.09539−17
A Just Russia3,275,0536.34–7.11165,017,64510.00723−41
Communists of Russia1,192,5952.31–01,847,8243.68–0New
Yabloko1,051,3352.04–1.4501,323,7932.64000
{{nowrap|Russian Party of Pensioners for Justice}}910,8481.76–0–––0New
Rodina792,2261.53–01,241,6422.4711New
Party of Growth679,0301.31+0.7101,171,2592.33000
The Greens399,4290.77–0770,0761.5300New
People's Freedom Party384,6750.74–0530,8621.0600New
Patriots of Russia310,0150.60–0.390704,1971.40000
Civic Platform115,4330.22–0364,1000.7311New
Civilian Power73,9710.14–079,9220.1600New
Independent––––429,0510.8511+1
Invalid/blank votes982,596–––1,767,725––––
Total52,631,849100–22551,967,8051002254500
Registered voters/turnout110,061,20047.82–12.22–109,636,79447.40–––
Source: Central Election Commission

By region

The breakdown of the party-list results by region is as follows:[1]

Region JR CPl CPo CPRF CoR LDPR PoG PoR PARNAS Rodina RPPJ Greens UR Yabloko Turnout Invalid ballots
{{flagcountry|Adygea}}4.83%0.13%0.10%13.37%2.23%12.66%0.69%0.24%0.33%1.13%1.35%0.65%59.45%0.89%53.9%
{{flagcountry|Altai Krai}}13.78%0.15%0.15%17.25%3.66%19.82%0.84%0.30%0.60%1.15%1.76%0.71%35.19%2.03%40.7%
{{flagcountry|Altai Republic}}4.10%0.11%0.14%18.89%2.69%12.73%0.52%0.69%0.94%5.66%1.36%0.55%48.81%0.81%45.1%
{{flagcountry|Amur Oblast}}4.15%0.19%0.17%16.62%2.49%29.02%0.63%0.52%0.45%1.28%2.54%0.72%37.91%0.91%42.4%
{{flagcountry|Arkhangelsk Oblast}}9.17%0.17%0.13%12.78%1.97%19.73%1.21%0.45%0.83%1.62%2.99%0.86%44.48%2%36.5%
{{flagcountry|Astrakhan Oblast}}17.56%0.19%0.17%14.18%3.31%13.13%0.89%0.38%0.73%1.10%1.57%0.64%42.22%0.99%36.9%
{{flagcountry|Baikonur}}2.42%0.16%0.14%11.98%1.65%29.73%0.79%0.59%0.70%1.94%2.70%0.99%42.64%1.03%43.1%
{{flagcountry|Bashkortostan}}6.88%0.30%0.14%18.62%1.84%11.29%0.36%0.39%0.21%0.69%0.99%0.51%56.37%0.52%69.7%
{{flagcountry|Belgorod Oblast}}7.01%0.20%0.12%14.93%1.94%13.73%0.67%0.29%0.44%1.20%1.73%0.68%54.73%0.78%62.1%
{{flagcountry|Bryansk Oblast}}3.48%0.19%0.10%13.29%1.83%10.80%0.54%0.32%0.38%1.43%1.26%0.44%63.91%0.76%55.1%
{{flagcountry|Buryatia}}6.55%0.82%0.14%20.59%2.87%13.54%3.90%0.40%0.52%0.83%2.19%0.57%43.34%1.17%40.5%
{{flagcountry|Chechnya}}1.12%0.02%0.07%0.02%0.96%0.01%0.16%0.36%0.01%0.26%0.11%0.53%96.29%0.03%94.9%
{{flagcountry|Chelyabinsk Oblast}}17.48%0.2%0.15%12.02%2.43%16.73%1.23%0.48%0.94%1.80%2.34%1.07%38.19%2.14%44.4%
{{flagcountry|Chukotka Autonomous Okrug}}3.13%0.19%0.13%7.76%1.62%17.34%0.70%0.48%0.39%1.21%2.17%0.81%58.8%0.80%64.5%
{{flagcountry|Chuvashia}}10.69%0.31%0.18%13.42%1.94%11.72%0.77%0.60%0.63%1.02%2.78%1.01%50.92%1.01%59.3%
{{flagcountry|Republic of Crimea|name=Crimea}}{{#tag:ref|Recognized by most members of the UN as part of Ukraine[53][54][55][56]|group=nb}}2.06%0.20%0.09%5.60%1.26%11.14%0.41%0.26%0.54%1.39%1.07%0.69%72.80%0.68%49.1%
{{flagcountry|Dagestan}}2.20%0.07%0.08%5.35%0.37%0.52%0.47%0.53%0.07%0.32%0.25%0.17%88.90%0.15%88.1%
{{flagcountry|Ingushetia}}9.57%0.22%0.54%5.65%0.20%1.65%2.14%2.20%0.06%3.85%0.11%0.88%72.41%0.20%81.4%
{{flagcountry|Irkutsk Oblast}}5.19%0.30%0.13%24.08%3.09%17.01%1.25%0.87%0.48%1.46%1.95%0.89%39.77%1.43%34.6%
{{flagcountry|Ivanovo Oblast}}7.31%0.23%0.10%18.08%3.07%17.67%1.09%0.55%0.94%1.48%2.53%0.94%42.38%2.02%38.5%
{{flagcountry|Jewish Autonomous Oblast}}2.80%0.16%0.14%17.11%3.31%21.90%0.65%0.43%0.45%0.98%1.94%0.65%45.03%0.93%39.6%
{{flagcountry|Kabardino-Balkaria}}2.09%0.01%0.01%18.90%0.11%0.15%0.24%0.11%0.01%0.06%0.02%0.54%77.71%0.04%90.1%
{{flagcountry|Kaliningrad Oblast}}5.62%0.21%0.14%13.99%2.76%16.60%2.30%3.42%1.04%2.03%2.21%0.81%43.39%2.37%44.0%
{{flagcountry|Kalmykia}}3.18%0.27%0.11%11.69%1.56%4.29%0.58%2.31%0.34%0.50%1.24%0.42%70.61%1.42%57.5%
{{flagcountry|Kaluga Oblast}}6.21%0.17%0.13%15.95%2.40%17.38%1.33%0.60%0.86%1.87%2.41%0.91%45.75%2.21%43.1%
{{flagcountry|Kamchatka Krai}}4.42%0.22%0.17%12.59%2.54%21.31%1.26%0.74%0.54%1.42%2.37%0.98%46.70%1.40%39.5%
{{flagcountry|Karachay-Cherkessia}}1.07%0.10%0.05%7.97%6.59%0.64%0.20%0.65%0.40%0.20%0.11%0.10%81.67%0.40%93.3%
{{flagcountry|Karelia}}10.09%0.30%0.13%13.05%2.56%17.57%1.66%0.90%0.82%1.42%2.32%0.95%37.30%7.80%39.6%
{{flagcountry|Kemerovo Oblast}}4.51%0.10%0.09%7.21%0.60%7.72%0.15%0.49%0.16%0.23%0.35%0.17%77.33%0.44%86.7%
{{flagcountry|Khabarovsk Krai}}4.52%0.23%0.17%16.46%3.31%25.01%1.11%0.42%1.13%1.60%2.99%1.22%37.31%1.85%36.9%
{{flagcountry|Khakassia}}7.17%0.17%0.14%20.90%3.49%19.52%0.86%0.76%0.70%1.32%2.09%1.03%38.06%1.44%39.4%
{{flagcountry|Khanty–Mansi Autonomous Okrug}}5.57%0.22%0.15%9.69%2.15%22.31%1.03%0.59%0.62%2.25%2.17%0.77%47.61%1.13%39.2%
{{flagcountry|Kirov Oblast}}9.46%0.23%0.16%13.58%2.64%24.94%1.40%0.36%0.56%1.43%2.38%0.74%37.96%1.63%41.9%
{{flagcountry|Komi Republic}}8.82%0.25%0.22%12.49%3.67%22.59%1.23%0.69%0.85%1.86%3.51%1.12%37.85%1.76%40.7%
{{flagcountry|Kostroma Oblast}}8.05%0.15%0.10%21.40%3.17%18.85%1.32%0.30%0.81%2.73%2.32%0.74%36.56%1.77%39.4%
{{flagcountry|Krasnodar Krai}}3.69%0.19%0.14%12.63%1.98%13.76%1.21%0.42%0.54%1.55%1.62%0.61%59.30%0.97%51.2%
{{flagcountry|Krasnoyarsk Krai}}4.86%0.26%0.16%14.41%3.06%20.26%1.02%5.13%0.77%1.84%2.20%1.15%40.45%1.57%36.6%
{{flagcountry|Kurgan Oblast}}13.79%0.14%0.11%14.56%3.03%18.83%0.66%0.42%0.51%1.40%1.93%0.60%41.51%0.96%41.8%
{{flagcountry|Kursk Oblast}}4.55%0.21%0.13%12.83%3.55%15.66%0.74%2.61%0.55%1.24%1.62%0.92%51.70%1.28%47.0%
{{flagcountry|Leningrad Oblast}}9.61%0.23%0.14%10.37%2.22%13.30%2.46%0.37%0.95%1.81%2.13%0.90%50.04%2.57%44.1%
{{flagcountry|Lipetsk Oblast}}5.96%0.15%0.11%13.68%1.99%12.33%0.69%0.45%0.51%1.80%2.50%0.49%56.19%1.20%52.6%
{{flagcountry|Magadan Oblast}}7.72%0.35%0.10%14.84%2.74%19.15%1.22%0.48%0.64%1.26%2.51%0.87%44.69%1.08%40.5%
{{flagcountry|Mari El}}4.60%0.21%0.10%27.28%4.11%10.44%0.55%0.24%0.42%0.96%1.23%0.60%46.70%0.86%53.3%
{{flagcountry|Mordovia}}2.49%0.06%0.05%5.16%0.60%5.19%0.18%0.20%0.15%0.29%0.33%0.14%84.36%0.31%83.0%
{{flagcountry|Moscow}}6.54%0.32%0.25%13.90%1.97%13.09%3.55%0.60%2.62%3.52%2.93%1.77%37.76%9.53%35.2%
{{flagcountry|Moscow Oblast}}5.02%0.25%0.17%15.24%2.04%14.89%1.90%0.62%1.19%2.57%2.56%1.34%45.99%3.45%37.9%
{{flagcountry|Murmansk Oblast}}8.72%1.13%0.17%11.13%2.73%19.97%1.38%0.41%1.00%1.79%3.26%1.09%41.98%2.28%39.7%
{{flagcountry|Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}4.41%0.21%0.20%18.45%2.87%21.80%1.02%0.51%0.77%2.22%2.24%1.08%41.11%1.23%44.8%
{{flagcountry|Nizhny Novgorod Oblast}}5.11%0.14%0.12%12.83%2.26%12.36%0.94%0.40%0.68%1.70%1.69%0.52%58.15%1.30%44.4%
{{flagcountry|North Ossetia–Alania}}1.86%0.05%0.04%22.18%0.74%1.75%0.17%3.92%0.10%0.98%0.25%0.22%67.09%0.15%85.6%
{{flagcountry|Novgorod Oblast}}12.60%0.25%0.14%15.67%2.58%16.18%1.78%0.42%0.75%1.34%2.33%0.81%40.05%2.81%39.8%
{{flagcountry|Novosibirsk Oblast}}5.61%0.26%0.13%19.55%3.48%19.55%0.96%0.37%1.04%3.13%1.82%0.84%38.26%2.30%34.9%
{{flagcountry|Omsk Oblast}}6.24%0.24%0.16%25.21%4.55%15.61%1.98%0.31%0.74%1.27%1.72%0.64%36.32%1.91%38.7%
{{flagcountry|Orenburg Oblast}}5.39%0.21%0.13%18.38%3.08%22.66%1.02%0.62%0.60%1.04%1.68%0.55%40.85%1.35%41.6%
{{flagcountry|Oryol Oblast}}5.63%0.24%0.12%17.86%3.74%15.33%0.94%0.38%0.64%1.13%1.73%0.75%47.93%1.10%53.5%
{{flagcountry|Penza Oblast}}4.44%0.12%0.08%12.48%2.12%10.02%0.58%0.24%0.47%0.89%1.37%0.47%64.26%1.03%60.6%
{{flagcountry|Perm Krai}}9.02%0.21%0.16%14.24%3.36%15.75%1.74%0.35%0.86%1.45%2.24%0.69%42.65%3.07%35.1%
{{flagcountry|Primorsky Krai}}5.16%0.21%0.17%17.95%3.38%19.66%1.51%0.45%0.86%1.87%3.80%0.82%38.99%1.79%37.3%
{{flagcountry|Pskov Oblast}}7.27%0.19%0.18%17.41%2.59%14.23%1.18%0.71%0.53%1.47%2.17%0.81%45.15%4.14%42.1%
{{flagcountry|Rostov Oblast}}4.34%0.20%0.12%13.60%2.29%12.49%0.82%0.34%0.57%1.53%1.58%0.58%58.79%1.18%48.2%
{{flagcountry|Ryazan Oblast}}5.00%0.18%0.10%13.99%2.58%14.99%0.82%0.30%0.73%1.49%1.85%0.72%54.52%1.34%43.3%
{{flagcountry|Saint Petersburg}}6.90%0.28%0.31%11.31%1.23%11.36%8.52%0.44%2.18%2.62%2.19%1.53%39.71%9.08%32.5%
{{flagcountry|Sakha Republic}}15.20%0.82%0.16%14.35%3.14%10.70%0.73%0.30%0.49%1.56%2.34%0.82%46.42%1.16%48.1%
{{flagcountry|Sakhalin Oblast}}3.40%0.21%0.14%15.44%3.25%20.03%1.07%0.59%0.72%1.72%3.00%0.90%45.44%1.74%37.1%
{{flagcountry|Samara Oblast}}4.47%0.51%0.16%15.94%2.75%14.27%1.45%0.36%0.91%1.33%1.44%0.86%50.77%1.99%52.8%
{{flagcountry|Saratov Oblast}}4.22%0.14%0.18%10.36%2.06%9.36%0.59%0.53%0.36%1.03%0.76%0.49%68.17%0.89%64.4%
{{flagcountry|Sevastopol}}{{#tag:ref|Recognized by most members of the UN as part of Ukraine[53]|group=nb}}5.09%0.12%0.07%12.07%1.90%15.36%3.58%0.30%0.56%2.29%0.98%0.78%53.78%0.65%47.0%
{{flagcountry|Smolensk Oblast}}4.35%0.20%0.11%15.82%2.23%19.42%0.86%0.59%0.64%1.38%2.10%0.72%48.13%1.33%40.3%
{{flagcountry|Stavropol Krai}}4.34%0.18%0.15%13.19%2.67%15.52%1.02%0.42%0.52%1.29%1.72%0.85%54.26%0.99%42.0%
{{flagcountry|Sverdlovsk Oblast}}13.20%0.35%0.16%11.88%2.61%16.54%1.47%0.50%0.97%1.57%3.03%1.25%40.53%2.90%41.4%
{{flagcountry|Tambov Oblast}}3.89%0.11%0.09%10.77%1.76%7.76%0.42%0.21%0.39%7.21%0.94%0.38%63.51%0.87%49.2%
{{flagcountry|Tatarstan}}2.26%0.12%0.11%4.07%3.02%2.25%0.23%0.20%0.27%0.41%0.49%0.20%85.27%0.55%78.7%
{{flagcountry|Tomsk Oblast}}7.33%0.20%0.17%12.58%3.52%20.46%1.84%0.50%1.10%1.45%1.91%1.55%40.67%3.71%33.8%
{{flagcountry|Tula Oblast}}4.47%0.17%0.13%14.41%2.61%14.28%0.98%0.32%0.77%1.79%2.60%0.99%53.02%1.76%45.6%
{{flagcountry|Tuva}}4.35%0.10%0.09%4.17%1.15%3.12%0.23%0.24%0.47%0.25%0.94%0.26%82.61%0.93%89.7%
{{flagcountry|Tver Oblast}}9.61%0.17%0.14%15.23%2.18%16.35%1.07%0.41%0.79%1.94%2.26%0.76%45.00%1.92%41.6%
{{flagcountry|Tyumen Oblast}}11.45%0.14%0.11%12.27%0.50%14.12%0.25%0.24%0.20%0.35%0.53%0.23%58.35%0.39%81.1%
{{flagcountry|Udmurtia}}8.91%0.31%0.13%13.93%2.24%12.28%3.18%0.67%0.61%1.15%1.82%0.62%50.52%1.19%44.4%
{{flagcountry|Ulyanovsk Oblast}}3.34%0.21%0.12%19.16%3.24%15.99%1.81%0.46%0.61%1.13%1.89%0.54%48.46%1.23%52.3%
{{flagcountry|Vladimir Oblast}}7.61%0.39%0.15%13.03%3.37%17.96%1.25%0.42%0.84%1.94%3.04%0.99%45.20%1.77%38.4%
{{flagcountry|Volgograd Oblast}}5.61%0.16%0.11%14.94%2.53%16.17%0.88%0.79%0.73%1.27%1.82%0.73%50.64%1.76%42.1%
{{flagcountry|Vologda Oblast}}10.54%0.23%0.15%13.87%2.76%21.40%1.45%0.40%0.97%1.40%4.03%1.00%37.21%2.43%40.8%
{{flagcountry|Voronezh Oblast}}7.07%0.12%0.10%15.59%1.98%9.25%0.70%0.54%0.53%1.48%1.28%0.56%58.67%0.97%53.7%
{{flagcountry|Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug}}4.74%0.28%0.27%6.86%1.15%14.02%0.65%0.46%0.43%0.73%0.90%0.49%67.14%0.67%74.3%
{{flagcountry|Yaroslavl Oblast}}10.27%0.28%0.11%16.04%2.19%17.36%1.43%0.59%1.26%2.50%2.51%1.46%38.43%3.77%37.8%
{{flagcountry|Zabaykalsky Krai}}4.17%0.35%0.16%15.93%3.38%26.40%0.66%0.81%0.50%1.19%2.13%0.78%39.87%0.82%38.9%
Total6.23%0.22%0.14%13.34%2.27%13.14%1.29%0.59%0.73%1.51%1.73%0.76%54.19%1.99%47.8%

By constituency

{{main|Results of the Russian legislative election, 2016 by constituency}}

Notes

1. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/infografika/20160918/1476912507.html |title=Выборы депутатов Госдумы VII созыва | РИА Новости – события в России и мире: темы дня, фото, видео, инфографика, радио |website=Ria.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
2. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2015/06/19/597158-gosduma-prinyala-v-pervom-chtenii-zakonoproekt-o-perenose-viborov|title=State Duma passes first reading of bill to postpone the elections|last=|first=|date=19 June 2015|work=|agency=Vedomosti|access-date=|via=|accessdate=20 June 2015}}
3. ^UKRAINE REPORTS RUSSIAN MILITARY ACTIVITY ON CRIMEA BORDER, Newsweek (8 August 2016)
{{cite web|last=Gutterman |first=Steve |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/18/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318 |title=Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions |website=Reuters.com |date= |accessdate=26 March 2014}}
[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26248275 Ukraine crisis timeline], BBC News
UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity, China Central Television (28 March 2014)
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cikrf.ru/izbiratel/quantity/20160101.html |title=Сведения об общей численности избирателей, участников референдума Российской Федерации по состоянию на 1 января 2016 года – Центральная избирательная комиссия Российской Федерации |website=Cikrf.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
5. ^{{cite news|author=Shaun Walker |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/19/russia-stays-loyal-kremlin-election-record-low-turnout |title=Russia stays loyal to Kremlin in election with record low turnout | World news |newspaper=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/news/europe/21707388-reshuffle-russias-security-services-may-follow-parliamentary-elections-vladimir-putins |title=Vladimir Putin’s party wins again |newspaper=The Economist |date=2016-09-19 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ksrf.ru/ru/News/Pages/ViewItem.aspx?ParamId=3242|title=On 1 July 2015, Constitutional Court of Russia announces ruiling on interpretation of part 1 of article 96 and parts 1, 2, and 4 of article 99 of the Russian Constitution|last=|first=|date=|website=Constitutional Court of Russia|access-date=2016-12-15}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3014940|title=Владимир Путин назначил выборы в Госдуму на 18 сентября|website=Kommersant.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016|via=Kommersant}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.kommersant.ru/doc/3014963|title=Владимир Путин объявил выборы в Госдуму|website=Kommersant.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016|via=Kommersant}}
10. ^1 2 [https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-37382850 Russia votes in parliamentary election with firm Putin grip], BBC News (18 September 2016)
11. ^{{cite news|author=Shaun Walker |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/sep/18/russia-votes-in-election-unlikely-to-loosen-putins-grip-on-power |title=Russia votes in election unlikely to loosen Putin's grip on power | World news |newspaper=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.mobi/a/us-says-russian-duma-elections-crimea-september-18-are-illegal-/27996754.html |title=U.S. Says Russian Duma Elections In Crimea Are Illegal |website=Rferl.mobi |date=2016-09-17 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160919/1477314510.html|title=Париж не признает законность голосования жителей Крыма на выборах в Госдуму|access-date=2016-09-19}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://uatoday.tv/politics/canada-becomes-another-country-to-not-recognize-the-russian-elections-in-annexed-crimea-750503.html |title=Canada will not recognize elections in Crimea: Canada becomes another country not to recognize the Russian elections in annexed Crimea |website=Uatoday.tv |date=2016-09-20 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=https://mobile.twitter.com/rorychallandsAJ/status/777425805609734144?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw |title=Twitter |website=Mobile.twitter.com |date=2016-09-18 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.rferl.mobi/a/ukraine-russian-embassy-kyiv-protests-elections/27998434.html |title=Protesters At Russian Embassy In Kyiv On Election Day |website=Rferl.mobi |date=2016-09-18 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/russland-zahl-der-soldaten-in-syrien-durch-wahlkommission-enthuellt-a-1113590.html |title=Russland: Zahl der Soldaten in Syrien enthüllt – SPIEGEL ONLINE |website=Spiegel.de |date=2016-09-23 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
18. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_159349/|title=Федеральный закон "О выборах депутатов Государственной Думы Федерального Собрания Российской Федерации" от 22.02.2014 N 20-ФЗ (действующая редакция, 2016) / КонсультантПлюс|website=Consultant.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cikrf.ru/news/cec/2016/06/20/06.html|title=Центральная избирательная комиссия Российской Федерации|website=Cikrf.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mskagency.ru/materials/2575656 |title=ЦИК РФ ПРОВЕДЕТ ЖЕРЕБЬЕВКУ ПОРЯДКА НАИМЕНОВАНИЙ ПАРТИЙ В БЮЛЛЕТЕНЯХ 12 АВГУСТА|website=Mskagency.ru |date= |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pnp.ru/news/detail/137963|title=Жеребьёвка эфирного времени в СМИ для депутатов пройдёт в ЦИК 16 и 18 августа|website=Pnp.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
22. ^{{cite report |publisher=Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe |author-link= |author=Petersen, Jan |display-authors=et al|date= 23 December 2016 |title=OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission – Final Report |url=http://www.osce.org/odihr/elections/russia/290861?download=true |page= |docket= |accessdate=5 July 2017 |quote=}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.cikrf.ru/politparty/spisok/gosduma.doc|title=Information on political parties allowed to participate in the election of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation without the collection of voter signatures (in accordance with Article 44 of the Federal Law of 22 February 2014 "On elections of deputies of the State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation")|date=2014-10-28|publisher=Central Election Commission of Russia (cikrf.ru)|format=doc|accessdate=2015-12-31}}
24. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.ng.ru/politics/2016-06-21/1_partii.html|title=Парад партийных съездов|website=Ng.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
25. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/politics/20160719/1471544410.html|title=ЦИК заверил списки: 20 партий продолжат участие в думской кампании|website=Ria.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160808/1473842454.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Родины" на выборах в Госдуму|access-date=2016-08-08}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mskagency.ru/materials/2574792|title=ЦИК РФ зарегистрировал федеральный список кандидатов в депутаты Госдумы от "Коммунистов России"|language=ru-RU|access-date=2016-08-03}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160812/1474214078.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал список Российской партии пенсионеров на выборах|access-date=2016-08-12}}
29. ^ {{dead link|date=December 2016}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/politics/20160727/1472944670.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Гражданской платформы"|website=Ria.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://tass.ru/elections2016/article/3464429/|title=ЦИК РФ зарегистрировал список ЛДПР для участия в выборах в Госдуму|website=Tass.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mskagency.ru/materials/2574786|title=Центризбирком зарегистрировал федеральный список кандидатов в депутаты Госдумы от ПАРНАС|language=ru-RU|access-date=2016-08-03}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160801/1473327503.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Партии роста" на выборах в Госдуму|access-date=2016-08-02}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160803/1473483791.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Гражданской силы" на выборах|access-date=2016-08-03}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160805/1473676305.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал федеральный список "Яблока" на выборах|access-date=2016-08-05}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tvc.ru/news/show/id/97671/|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал список КПРФ на выборах в Госдуму|website=ТВ Центр – Официальный сайт телекомпании|language=ru-RU|access-date=2016-08-02}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/politics/20160727/1472941618.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировала федеральный список "Патриотов России"|website=Ria.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/politics/20160722/1472589756.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал список кандидатов "Справедливой России" на выборах в ГД|website=Ria.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://gr-sily.ru/politika/pamfilova-zayavila-o-nepravomernosti-s-ezda-partii-al-yans-zelenyh-21902.html|title=Памфилова заявила о неправомерности съезда партии "Альянс зеленых"|website=Gr-sily.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
40. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160812/1474219832.html|title=ЦИК зарегистрировал список кандидатов из 14 партий в Госдуме|access-date=2016-08-12}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160810/1474022020.html|title=ЦИК не зарегистрировал на выборах в Госдуму список "Родной партии"|access-date=2016-08-10}}
42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tv2.tomsk.ru/news/partiya-roditeley-budushchego-ne-sobrala-podpisi-dlya-vyborov-v-gosdumu|title="Партия родителей будущего" не собрала подписи для выборов в Госдуму|website=www.tv2.tomsk.ru|access-date=2016-08-04}}
43. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160802/1473426395.html|title=Непарламентские партии рассказали о сборе подписей для участия в выборах|access-date=2016-08-04}}
44. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/politics/20160716/1467491531.html|title=ЦИК отказался заверять списки "Партии социальных реформ" на выборах в ГД|website=Ria.ru|accessdate=18 September 2016}}
45. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/news/2016/07/14/649184-tsik-kandidatov-partii |title=ЦИК: Списки кандидатов в Госдуму сдали 22 партии|website=Vedomosti.ru |date=2016-07-14 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
46. ^ {{dead link|date=December 2016}}
47. ^{{cite web|url=https://ria.ru/election2016/20160805/1473678958.html|title=ЦИК не зарегистрировал список партии "Воли" на выборах|access-date=2016-08-05}}
48. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-37403673 |title=Reports of voting fraud in Russia poll |website=Bbc.co.uk |date=2016-09-18 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=https://slon.ru/posts/73804|title=Загадочные 62%. На родине Володина нашлась самая подозрительная цифра выборов|last=Zelensky|first=Mikhail|date=22 September 2016|website=Slon.ru|language=Russian|accessdate=22 September 2016}}
50. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-electon-idUSKCN11N0T6|title=Pro-Putin party wins Russian parliamentary election|date=2016-09-18|newspaper=Reuters|access-date=2016-09-18}}
51. ^{{cite news|url=http://europe.newsweek.com/russia-cancels-election-results-after-ballot-stuffing-501533?rm=eu|title=Russia Cancels Election Results After Ballot Stuffing|last=Sharkov|first=Damien|date=22 September 2016|publisher=The Newsweek|accessdate=23 September 2016}}
52. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2017/01/11/when-the-russians-fake-their-election-results-they-may-be-giving-us-the-statistical-finger/|title=When the Russians fake their election results, they may be giving us the statistical finger|website=Washington Post|access-date=2017-01-11}}
53. ^1 {{cite web|last=Sharkov |first=Damien |url=http://europe.newsweek.com/ukraine-reports-russian-military-activity-crimea-border-armored-column-488283 |title=Ukraine Reports Russian Military Activity on Crimea Border |website=Europe.newsweek.com |date= |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
54. ^{{cite web|last=Gutterman |first=Steve |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/03/18/us-ukraine-crisis-idUSBREA1Q1E820140318 |title=Putin signs Crimea treaty, will not seize other Ukraine regions |website=Reuters.com |date= |accessdate=26 March 2014}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-26248275 |title=Ukraine crisis: Timeline – BBC News |website=Bbc.co.uk |date=2014-11-13 |accessdate=2016-12-15}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.cntv.cn/2014/03/28/ARTI1395947928472439.shtml |title=UN General Assembly adopts resolution affirming Ukraine's territorial integrity – CCTV News – CCTV.com English |website=English.cntv.cn |date= |accessdate=2016-12-15}}

References

{{Reflist}}

External links

{{commonscat|Russian legislative election, 2016}}
  • Central Elections Commission of Russia
  • [https://wciom.ru/ WCIOM]
  • FOM
  • 2016 State Duma Elections
  • Full info on Ura.ru
{{Russian elections}}

9 : Legislative elections in Russia|2016 Russian legislative election|2016 elections in Russia|Political controversies in Russia|September 2016 events in Asia|September 2016 events in Europe|7th State Duma of the Russian Federation|2016 elections in Europe|2016 elections in Asia
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