| 词条 | 2018 Pakistani presidential election | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| election_name = Pakistani presidential election, 2018 | country = Pakistan | type = presidential | ongoing = no | previous_election = Pakistani presidential election, 2013 | previous_year = 2013 | next_election = Pakistan presidential election, 2023 | next_year = 2023 | seats_for_election = President of Pakistan | votes_for_election = 679 votes in the Electoral College{{refn|name=Electoral College|group=n|The total size of the electoral college is 706. But considering the vacant seats, the electoral college for 2018 presidential election stood at 679.[1]}}- Plurality needed to win | elected_mps = | election_date = 4 September 2018 | turnout = | map_image = 2018 Pakistani Presidential Elections.svg | map_size = | map_caption = | image1 = | candidate1 = Arif Alvi | party1 = Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf | home_state1 = Sindh | alliance1 = Government | electoral_vote1 = 352 | percentage1 = 53.33% | image2 = | candidate2 = Fazal-ur-Rehman | party2 = Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal | alliance2 = Opposition | color2 = 006600 | home_state2 = KP | electoral_vote2 = 184 | percentage2 = 27.88% | image3 = | candidate3 = Aitzaz Ahsan | party3 = Pakistan Peoples Party | home_state3 = Punjab | alliance3 = No Alliance | electoral_vote3 = 124 | percentage3 = 18.79% | title = President | posttitle = President-elect | before_election = Mamnoon Hussain | before_party = Pakistan Muslim League (N) | after_election = Arif Alvi | after_party = Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf }}{{Politics of Pakistan}}Presidential elections ({{lang-ur|{{nq|صدارتی انتخابات}}}}) were held in Pakistan on 4 September 2018.[1] Incumbent President Mamnoon Hussain of the Pakistan Muslim League (N) (PML-N) party was eligible for re-election to a second 5-year term, but declined. His current term ended on 9 September 2018. General elections were held in Pakistan on 25 July 2018 to elect members of the National Assembly.[2][3] The newly elected assemblies elected a new President. On 4 September 2018, Arif Alvi was elected as 13th President of Pakistan.[4] ScheduleThe Election Commission of Pakistan announced the initial election schedule on 16 August 2018. Polling was conducted on following five places on 4 September 2018:
Members of Senate and National Assembly cast their vote at Parliament House whereas members of Provincial Assemblies cast their vote at respective assemblies. Electoral systemThe President of Pakistan is indirectly elected by the Electoral College of Pakistan – a joint sitting of the Senate, National Assembly and Provincial Assemblies. The votes of the members of the Senate and National Assembly are counted as single votes. Meanwhile, the votes given by the provincial assembly legislators are adjusted so as to give each province an equal share in the election. This is so because, each provincial assembly has a varying number of members, depending upon population size. The largest province by population size, Punjab, has a total of 371 members in its assembly, whereas the smallest province of Balochistan has a mere 65 members in its legislature. Therefore, the provincial votes are weighted against the Balochistan assembly in the following manner:[5]
Regarding timing, the constitution states that election to the office of President must be held no earlier than sixty days and no later than thirty days before the expiration of the term of the incumbent president. If assemblies are not present, the constitution allows the election of president to be delayed thirty days after the general election.[6] The electoral process itself is done via a secret ballot due to the post of the president being constitutionally non-partisan. Therefore, unlike during the election of the Prime Minister, cross-party voting is not liable to be considered defection.[5] Electoral CollegeThe Electoral College of Pakistan is formed by a joint sitting of the six leading political bodies in Pakistan:
The maximum strength of the electoral college is 706. However, considering the vacant seats, the electoral college for this presidential election stood at 679. A simple majority is required in a two-candidate contest to claim victory. But in a three-candidate race, the victory requirement goes down considerably depending on how the votes are split.[5] The weighted votes of each political party in the six bodies constituting the electoral college are as follows:[5]
VotingThe voting started at around 10:00 am PST. Prime Minister Imran Khan came to the Parliament House and cast his vote with an hour left in the voting deadline. The voting ended at 04:00 pm PST.[13] A total of 1,110 votes were cast during the election out of which 28 votes were declared invalid.[9] Results{{electiontable|Pakistani presidential election, 2018}}Summary of the 4 September 2018 Pakistani presidential election results[10][9]|- | Candidate | Main supporting party | Parliament | Punjab | Sindh | Balochistan | KP | Total |- | style="text-align:left;" | Arif Alvi | style="text-align:left;" | Pakistan Tehreek-e-Insaf | style="text-align:right;" | 212 | style="text-align:right;" | 33 | style="text-align:right;" | 22 | style="text-align:right;" | 45 | style="text-align:right;" | 40 | style="text-align:right;" | 352 |- | style="text-align:left;" | Fazal-ur-Rehman | style="text-align:left;" | Pakistan Muslim League (N) | style="text-align:right;" | 131 | style="text-align:right;" | 25 | style="text-align:right;" | 0 | style="text-align:right;" | 15 | style="text-align:right;" | 13 | style="text-align:right;" | 184 |- | style="text-align:left;" | Aitzaz Ahsan | style="text-align:left;" | Pakistan Peoples Party | style="text-align:right;" | 81 | style="text-align:right;" | 1 | style="text-align:right;" | 39 | style="text-align:right;" | 0 | style="text-align:right;" | 3 | style="text-align:right;" | 124 |} CandidatesConfirmed
Withdrawn
Notes1. ^{{cite web|url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/452891-Presidential-elections-September-4-ECP|title=Presidential elections to be held on September 4|date=16 August 2018|website=Dunya News}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/440663-General-polls-2018-would-be-held-on-July-25-sources|title=General polls 2018 would be held on July 25: sources|last=|first=|date=22 May 2018|website=Dunya News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=Govt to complete its term; elections to be held in July 2018: PM|author=Samaa Web Desk|url=https://www.samaa.tv/pakistan/2017/12/govt-complete-term-elections-held-july-2018-pm/}} 4. ^{{cite news |title=Arif Alvi elected 13th president of Pakistan {{!}} The Express Tribune |url=https://tribune.com.pk/story/1794750/1-presidential-election-voting-commences/ |accessdate=4 September 2018 |work=The Express Tribune |date=4 September 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite news|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1430489/|title=Analysis: PTI poised to take President House|last=Mehdi|first=Tahir|date=2018-09-02|work=Dawn|access-date=2018-09-03|language=en-US}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.pakistani.org/pakistan/constitution/schedules/schedule2.html |title=Second Schedule: Election of President |publisher=Pakistani.org |date= |accessdate=2018-08-29}} 7. ^National Assembly of Pakistan 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.senate.gov.pk/en/party_wise_list.php |title=Senate of Pakistan |publisher=Senate.gov.pk |accessdate=30 July 2013}} 9. ^1 {{cite news |last1=Chaudhry |first1=Fahad |title=PTI's Arif Alvi officially declared winner of 13th presidential election |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1431104/ptis-arif-alvi-officially-declared-winner-of-13th-presidential-election |work=Dawn |date=September 5, 2018}} 10. ^1 {{cite news |title=PTI's Dr Arif Alvi elected 13th President of Pakistan |url=https://www.dawn.com/news/1430542/ptis-dr-arif-alvi-elected-13th-president-of-pakistan |work=Dawn |date=4 September 2018}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/amp/207913 |title=PM Imran has nominated Arif Alvi for President of Pakistan: Chaudhry |publisher=Geo.tv |date=2018-08-18 |accessdate=2018-08-22}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/208003-ppp-nominates-aitzaz-ahsan-as-its-presidential-candidate-sources |title=PPP nominates Aitzaz Ahsan as its presidential candidate: sources | Pakistan |publisher=Geo.tv |date=2018-08-18 |accessdate=2018-08-22}} 13. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.geo.tv/latest/208744-opposition-except-ppp-decide-to-field-maulana-fazl-for-president-sources |title=Opposition except PPP decide to field Maulana Fazl for president: sources: AtifChaudhry |publisher=Geo.tv |date=2018-08-18 |accessdate=2018-08-22}} 14. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.dawn.com/news/amp/1429896|title=PML-N's Muqam opts out of presidential race as deadline to withdraw nomination papers ends|first=Fahad|last=Chaudhry|date=30 August 2018|publisher=}} References{{reflist}}{{Pakistani presidential elections}} 5 : 2018 elections in Pakistan|Presidential elections in Pakistan|2018 in Pakistani politics|2018 in Pakistan|September 2018 events in Asia
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