| 词条 | 2020 Summer Paralympics | |
| 释义 |
| image = 2020 Summer Paralympics logo new.svg | image_size = 150 | host_city = Tokyo, Japan | motto = Discover Tomorrow (Japanese: {{ruby-ja|未来|あした}}をつかもう) | nations = | athletes = 4400 (expected) | events = 540 in 22 sports | opening = 25 August | closing = 6 September | opened_by = Emperor of Japan (expected) | cauldron = | stadium = New National Stadium | summer_prev = Rio 2016 | summer_next = Paris 2024 | winter_prev = PyeongChang 2018 | winter_next = Beijing 2022 }}{{2020 Summer Paralympics}} The {{Nihongo|2020 Summer Paralympics|第十六回パラリンピック競技大会|Dai Jūroku-kai Pararinpikku Kyōgi Taikai|lead=yes}} are an upcoming major international multi-sport event for athletes with disabilities governed by the International Paralympic Committee. Scheduled as the 16th Summer Paralympic Games, it is planned to be held in Tokyo, Japan from 25 August to 6 September 2020. This will mark the second time Tokyo has hosted the Paralympics, as they were first hosted there in 1964 alongside the 1964 Summer Olympics. These Games will see the introduction of badminton and taekwondo to the Paralympic programme, with the removal of sailing and 7-a-side football. Bids{{Main article|Bids for the 2020 Summer Olympics}}As part of a formal agreement between the International Paralympic Committee and the International Olympic Committee first established in 2001, the winner of the bid for the 2020 Summer Olympics must also host the 2020 Summer Paralympics.[1] After the second round of voting, which followed a tie-breaker, the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics were awarded to Tokyo at the 125th IOC Session, {{2020 Olympic host city election}}PreparationsTransportAhead of the 2016 Summer Paralympics closing ceremony, Governor of Tokyo Yuriko Koike advocated for the city to improve its accessibility as a legacy project for the Games. She cited narrow roadways with no sidewalks, and buildings constructed with narrow doorways and low ceilings, as challenges that needed to be overcome. In particular, she called for a transition to underground power lines to facilitate the widening of roads.[2][3][4] VolunteersIn September 2018 applications to be volunteers as the Olympic and Paralympic Games were released. By January 2019 186,101 application had been received. Interviews to whittle the numbers down began in February 2019 and training taking place in October 2019.[5] The volunteers at the venues will be known as "Field Cast" and the volunteers in the city will be known as "City Cast." These names were chosen from a shortlist of four out of a original 149 pairs of names. The other shortlisted names were "Shining Blue and Shining Blue Tokyo", “Games Anchor and City Anchor” and “Games Force and City Force." The names were chosen by the people who had applied to be volunteers at the games.[6] MedalsIn January 2016 the task force that was created to look at the legacy of the games recommended that Tokyo follows Rio's lead and make the medals from recycled materials.[7] while a petition created in July 2016 calling for the medals to be made from recycled material had 10,000 signatures by October 2016.[8] The medals for the 2020 Summer Olympics and Paralympics will be constructed using recycled metals; the organizing committee began an electronics recycling program to obtain the materials,with boxes for people to donate old mobile phones appearing from April 2017.[9][10] Organisers needed to collect eight tonnes of metal - 40 kilograms of gold, 4,290kg of silver and 2,944kg of bronze in order to make the medals for the Olympic and Paralympic games.[11] In May 2018 the organising committee noted that they had a shortage of silver needed for the medals.[12] In November 2018 organisers announced that they had reached their 2,700 kilograms target of bronze and expected that the required amount of gold and silver would be reached by March 2019 for the medals.[13][14] In December 2017 the organising committee launched a competition with the winner having their design on the medals.[15] TorchAluminium taken from temporary housing in Fukushima will be used to make the torches for the Olympic and Paralympic flames. More than 10,000 pieces of aluminium will be used and organisers contacted local authorities to see which houses were no longer being used.[14] In December 2018 organiser announced that the slogan of the relay would be Share Your Light. The relay will take place in Tokyo, and pass through Saitama, Chiba and Shizuoka prefectures where events of the games will be held.[16][17] The GamesSportsEvents in 22 sports will be held during the 2020 Summer Paralympics. Cycling events will be split into road and track disciplines. Team events of goalball, sitting volleyball, and wheelchair basketball continue as men's and women's events, wheelchair rugby continues to be a mixed event, while 5-a-side-football will only be open to male competitors.[18] New events and classifications have also been added or realigned in other sports.[19][20] {{Div col|colwidth=16em}}
New sportsIn January 2014, the IPC began accepting bids for new sports to be added to the Paralympic programme; they included amputee football, badminton, electric wheelchair hockey, powerchair football, and taekwondo. New disciplines were also proposed in existing events, including visually impaired match racing and one-person multi-hull in sailing, and 3-on-3 basketball in intellectually disabled (ID) and wheelchair classifications.[21][22] On 31 January 2015, the IPC officially announced that badminton and taekwondo had been added to the Paralympic programme for 2020, which will replace 7-a-side football and sailing (both dropped due to an insufficient international reach).[18] Test eventsThere will be test events before the Olympic and Paralympic Games,[23][24] they will be contested from June 2019 to June 2020 before the start of the 2020 Summer Olympics. The selected Paralympic sports will be athletics (2nd-3rd May 2020), goalball (28th-29th September 2019), paratriathlon (15th-18th August 2019) , powerlifting (26th-27th September 2019), swimming (16th April 2020) and wheelchair rugby (12th-15th March 2020). It was announced in February 2019 that test events would be under the banner "Ready, Steady, Tokyo." 22 of the 56 events would be organised by the Tokyo organising committee and the rest by national and international organisations. World Sailing’s World Cup Series held at Enoshima was the first test event, with last one set to be the Tokyo Challenge Track Meet in May 2020.[25] VenuesThe venues for the Paralympic games as detailed on the Tokyo 2020 official website.[26] Heritage Zone
Tokyo Bay Zone
Venues Outside 10km Area
Non-Competition Venues
Participating nations
MarketingLogoThe emblems of the 2020 Olympics and Paralympics were unveiled 25 April 2016. The Paralympic emblem features a laurel wreath-like shape filled with an indigo-colored checkerboard pattern. The design is meant to "express a refined elegance and sophistication that exemplifies Japan".[28] The designs replaced a previous emblem which had been scrapped due to allegations that it plagiarized the logo of the Théâtre de Liège in Belgium. Mascot{{main|Miraitowa and Someity}}The shortlist of mascots for the Tokyo Games was unveiled on 7 December 2017 and the winning entry was announced on 28 February 2018. Candidate pair A, created by Ryo Taniguchi, received the most votes (109,041) and was declared the winner, defeating Kana Yano's pair B (61,423 votes) and Sanae Akimoto's pair C (35,291 votes). Someity is a figure with pink chequered patterns inspired by the Games' official logo, and cherry blossom flowers; it has a calm but powerful ability, it is nature loving and speaks to the wind. Both Miraitowa and Someity were named by the Organising Committee by 22 July 2018.[29] {{-}}See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=Paralympics 2012: London to host 'first truly global Games'|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/disability-sport/18143145|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=1 August 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=2016 Rio Paralympics: 2020 host Tokyo to undergo major overhauls to provide better disability access|url=http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/sport/olympics-2016/2016-rio-paralympics-2020-host-tokyo-to-undergo-major-overhauls-to-provide-better-disability-access/news-story/f4d145f934f98798ff17bc0fa70f0e01|website=Adelaide Now|accessdate=19 September 2016}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Marukawa says Tokyo must solve traffic issue before 2020 Games|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/sports/2016/08/12/olympics/summer-olympics/marukawa-says-tokyo-must-solve-traffic-issue-2020-games/#.V9-DYkwrK70|website=The Japan Times|accessdate=19 September 2016}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Paralympics could help remake Tokyo's narrow roads, doorways|url=https://www.japantoday.com/category/sports/view/paralympics-could-help-remake-tokyos-narrow-roads-doorways|website=Japan Today|accessdate=19 September 2016}} 5. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-180000-apply-be-volunteers|title=Tokyo 2020: 180,000 apply to be volunteers|publisher=IPC}} 6. ^https://www.olympic.org/news/volunteer-names-unveiled-for-tokyo-2020 7. ^https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1033371/tokyo-2020-could-follow-rios-lead-with-recycled-medals 8. ^https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1042524/campaign-underway-to-use-recycled-metal-to-make-tokyo-2020-medals 9. ^{{citenews|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1046501/tokyo-2020-urge-public-to-help-create-recycled-medals|title=Tokyo 2020 urge public to help create recycled medals|first=Dan|last=Palmer|date=1 February 2017|publisher=inside the games}} 10. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/01/02/national/project-recycle-old-mobile-phones-olympic-medals-gets-off-slow-start/|title=Project to recycle old mobile phones for Olympic medals gets off to slow start|date=2018-01-02|work=The Japan Times Online|access-date=2018-11-04|language=en-US|issn=0447-5763|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181104170019/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2018/01/02/national/project-recycle-old-mobile-phones-olympic-medals-gets-off-slow-start/|archive-date=4 November 2018|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 11. ^{{citenews|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1052120/coventry-contributes-to-medal-project-and-praises-tokyo-2020s-empowerment-of-athletes|title=Coventry contributes to medal project and praises Tokyo 2020's empowerment of athletes|first=Michael|last=Pavitt|date=29 June 2017|publisher=inside the games}} 12. ^https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1064844/japan-struggles-for-silver-for-tokyo-2020-medals 13. ^{{citenews|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1072665/bach-donates-to-project-recycling-metals-for-tokyo-2020-medals|title=Bach donates to project recycling metals for Tokyo 2020 medals|last=Pavitt|first=Michael|publisher=inside the games|date=25 November 2018}} 14. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1073856/recycled-aluminium-from-temporary-housing-in-fukushima-to-be-used-for-tokyo-2020-olympic-torches|title=Recycled aluminium from temporary housing in Fukushima to be used for Tokyo 2020 Olympic Torches|last=Gillen|first=Nancy|publisher=inside the games|date=4 January 2019}} 15. ^{{citenews|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1059382/tokyo-2020-launches-olympic-and-paralympic-medal-design-competition|date=22 December 2017|title=Tokyo 2020 launches Olympic and Paralympic medal design competition|first=Daniel|last=Etchells|publisher=inside the games}} 16. ^{{citeweb|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-torch-relay-concept-revealed|date=21 December 2018|title=Tokyo 2020: Torch Relay concept revealed|publisher=IPC}} 17. ^https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/torch/paralympic/ 18. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.paralympic.org/news/ipc-announces-final-tokyo-2020-paralympic-sports-programme|title=IPC announces final Tokyo 2020 Paralympic sports program|publisher=International Paralympic Committee|date=2015-01-31|accessdate=2015-02-03}} 19. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1066708/new-medal-event-added-to-road-cycling-schedule-for-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games|title=New medal event added to road cycling schedule for Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games|work=Inside the Games|access-date=2018-10-19}} 20. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1054977/paralympic-medal-programme-for-tokyo-2020-announced-with-athletics-and-swimming-events-reduced|title=Paralympic medal programme for Tokyo 2020 announced with athletics and swimming events reduced|work=Inside the Games|access-date=2018-10-19}} 21. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/disability-sport/25847054|title=Sports apply for 2020 Tokyo Paralympic inclusion|work=BBC Sport|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2014-02-13}} 22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.insidethegames.biz/paralympics/summer-paralympics/2020/1017970-six-sports-and-three-disciplines-confirmed-as-bidding-for-tokyo-2020-paralympics-inclusion|title=Six sports and three disciplines confirmed as bidding for Tokyo 2020 Paralympics inclusion |work=insidethegames.biz|date=2014-01-22|accessdate=2014-02-13}} 23. ^{{Cite web|url=https://tokyo2020.org/en/games/sport/testevents/|title=Tokyo 2020 Test Events|last=|first=|date=3 January 2019|website=Tokyo 2020|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.paralympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-test-event-schedule-announced|title=Tokyo 2020: Test event schedule announced|last=|first=|date=2 October 2018|website=www.paralympic.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}} 25. ^https://www.olympic.org/news/tokyo-2020-unveils-its-olympic-test-event-schedule 26. ^{{cite web|url=https://tokyo2020.jp/en/games/venue/paralympic/|title=Paralympic venues|author=tokyo2020.jp|accessdate=2016-08-31}} 27. ^Badminton originally to be held at Youth Plaza Arena; venue moved in June 2015. {{cite news|title=東京五輪、26競技の会場決定 自転車・サッカー除き|url=http://www.nikkei.com/article/DGXLSSXK10834_Y5A600C1000000/|accessdate=9 June 2015|work=Nihon Keizai Shimbun|date=9 June 2015}} 28. ^{{cite web|title=Checkered pattern by artist Tokolo chosen as logo for 2020 Tokyo Olympics|url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/04/25/national/checkered-pattern-chosen-as-official-logo-for-2020-tokyo-olympic-games/|website=Japan Times|accessdate=25 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160425123829/http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/04/25/national/checkered-pattern-chosen-as-official-logo-for-2020-tokyo-olympic-games/|archive-date=25 April 2016|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}} 29. ^{{cite press release|title=10th Meeting of the Mascot Selection Panel|url=https://tokyo2020.org/en/news/notice/20180528-01.html|accessdate=30 May 2018|publisher=Tokyo Organising Committee of the Olympic and Paralympic Games|date=30 May 2018}} External links
| title = Summer Paralympics Tokyo | before = Rio de Janeiro | after = Paris | years = XVI Paralympic Winter Games (2020) }}{{s-end}}{{Paralympic Games}} 11 : 2020 Summer Paralympics|Summer Paralympic Games|2020 in Japanese sport|2020 in multi-sport events|International sports competitions hosted by Japan|Scheduled multi-sport events|2020s in Tokyo|Multi-sport events in Japan|August 2020 sports events|September 2020 sports events|Sports competitions in Tokyo |
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