“Ocean City, New Jersey”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Ocean City originated as a borough by an act of the New Jersey Legislature on May 3, 1884, from portions of Upper Township, based on results from a referendum on April 30, 1884, and was reincorporated as a borough on March 31, 1890. Ocean City was incorporated as a city, its current government form, on March 25, 1897.^[20]^[21] The city is named for its location on the Atlantic Ocean.^[22]^[23]

Known as a family-oriented seaside resort, Ocean City has prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages within its limits since its founding in 1879,^[24]^[25] offering miles of guarded beaches, a boardwalk that stretches for {{convert|2.5|miles}}, and a downtown shopping and dining district.^[26]

The Travel Channel rated Ocean City as the Best Family Beach of 2005.^[27] It was ranked the third-best beach in New Jersey in the 2008 Top 10 Beaches Contest sponsored by the New Jersey Marine Sciences Consortium.^[28] In the 2009 Top 10 Beaches Contest, Ocean City ranked first.^[29]

History

Before Ocean City was established, local Native Americans set up camps on the island for fishing in the summer months.^[30] In 1633, Dutch navigator David Pietersz. de Vries referred to "flat sand beaches with low hills between Cape May and Egg Harbor", possibly the earliest reference to the island that became Ocean City. In 1695, Thomas Budd surveyed the land on behalf of the West Jersey Society. Around 1700, John Peck used the island as a base of operation for storing freshly hunted whales, and subsequently the land became known as Peck's Beach. The first record of a house on Peck's Beach was in 1752. During the 18th century, cattle grazers brought cows to the island, where plentiful trees, weeds, brush, and seagrass provided suitable condition. Parker Miller was the first permanent resident of Peck's Beach in 1859.^[41]

Originally purchased by the Somers family, the island was formerly named Peck's Beach, believed to have been given the name for a whaler named John Peck.^[31] In 1700, whaler John Peck began using the barrier island as a storage place for freshly caught whales. The island was also used as cattle-grazing area, and mainlanders would boat over for a picnic or to hunt.^[32] On September 10, 1879, four Methodist ministers – Ezra B. Lake, James Lake, S. Wesley Lake, and William Burrell – chose the island as a suitable spot to establish a Christian retreat and camp meeting on the order of Ocean Grove. They met under a tall cedar tree, which stands today in the lobby of the Ocean City Tabernacle. Having chosen the name "Ocean City", the founders incorporated the Ocean City Association, and laid out street and lots for cottages, hotel, and businesses. The Ocean City Tabernacle was built between Wesley and Asbury Avenues and between 5th and 6th Streets. Camp meetings were held by the following summer and continue uninterrupted to this day.^[33]

In 1881, the first school on the island opened.^[30] The first bridge to the island was built in 1883, and the West Jersey Railroad opened in 1884.^[34] Based on a referendum on April 30, 1884, the borough of Ocean City was formed from portions of Upper Township, following an act of the New Jersey Legislature on May 3, 1884.^[20]

The ship Sindia joined other shipwrecks on the beach on December 15, 1901, on its way to New York City from Kobe, Japan, but has since sunk below the sand. A salvage attempt to retrieve treasures believed to have been on the ship was most recently launched in the 1970s, all of which have been unsuccessful.^[35] In 1920, the Chamber of Commerce adopted the slogan "America's Greatest Family Resort".^[36]^[37] A large fire in 1927 caused $1.5 million in damage and led the city to move the boardwalk closer to the ocean, which resulted in the greater potential for damage from saltwater.^[38]

Alcohol prohibition

As a result of its religious origins, the sale or public drinking of alcoholic beverages in Ocean City was prohibited.^[39] In 1881, the Ocean City Association passed a set of blue laws – laws designed to enforce religious standards. The town banned the manufacturing or sale of alcohol in 1909.^[53] Promoting water instead of drinking alcohol, the Woman's Christian Temperance Union donated a public fountain, dedicated on Memorial Day in 1915.^[40] Despite the prohibition of alcohol within the municipality, illegal saloons operated within Ocean City, and in 1929, prosecutors raided 27 speakeasies.^[41] In 1951, the town banned the consumption of alcohol on the beach, and banned all public alcohol consumption in 1958. During the campaign for a 1986 referendum to repeal the blue laws, ads in the local paper suggested that the repeal could be next.^[42] In May 2012, 68.8% of voters rejected a ballot initiative for BYOB – bring your own bottle.^[43] As of 2016, Ocean City was one of 32 dry towns in New Jersey.^[44] Despite the prohibition in the city, 18.3% of adults in Ocean City metropolitan statistical area (which includes all of Cape May County) drink alcohol heavily or binge drink, the highest percentage of any metro area in the state; USA Today listed Ocean City as the state's most drunken city on its 2017 list of "The drunkest city in every state".^[45]

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city had a total area of 10.797 square miles (27.964 km²), including 6.333 square miles (16.402 km²) of land and 4.464 square miles (11.562 km²) of water (41.35%).^[6]^[11] The island is about 8 miles (13 km) in length.^[62]

Ocean City is situated on a barrier island bordered by the Strathmere section of Upper Township to the south, the Marmora section of Upper Township to the west, and Somers Point and Egg Harbor Township across the Great Egg Harbor Bay to the north. The eastern side of Ocean City borders the Atlantic Ocean.

Since 1951, the beach has been replenished more than 40 times, potentially the most of any beach in the country. This is due to erosion caused by storms, and in an extreme instance of erosion, a $5 million replenishment project in 1982 had largely disappeared within two and a half months. During the 1960s and 1970s, the city owned its own dredge, but ceased replenishment projects when it could not secure permits for dredging the lagoons.^[47] Since 1992, the United States Army Corps of Engineers has handled responsibility for beach nourishment projects, periodically adding 1.1 million cubic yards (841,000 cubic meters), roughly every three years, using the shoal area about 5,000 ft (1,525 m) offshore the Great Egg Harbor Inlet. The project and funding was authorized in the Water Resources Development Act of 1986,^[48] and the most recent replenishment was completed in December 2017.^[49] After Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the Army Corps completed the city's largest beach replenishment since 1993, adding 1.8 million yd³ (1.4 million m³) of sand to replenish the eroded beaches.^[48]

Climate

During the summer months, frequent episodes of high humidity occur. Occasionally, heat index values exceed 95 °F (35 °C). During most summer afternoons, a sea breeze dominates the coastline keeping high temperatures several degrees cooler compared to areas farther inland. During most nights, relatively mild ocean waters keep the coastline several degrees warmer than areas farther inland. On average, July is the annual peak for thunderstorm activity. During the winter months, wind chill values occasionally fall below 0 °F (-18 °C). On average, the snowiest month of the year is February which corresponds with the annual peak for nor'easter activity.

Former Hurricane Sandy struck {{convert|12|mi|km|abbr=on}} north of the city on October 29, 2012, causing severe storm surge flooding and {{convert|70|mph|km/h|abbr=on}} wind gusts. The Bayside Center recorded a high tide of {{convert|9.31|ft|m|abbr=on}} during Sandy, surpassing the previous tidal record set in 1944. The storm caused major to severe damage to 29% of the houses in Ocean City, incurring a financial loss of $15.5 million to the tax base.^[50]^[51]

Parks

The city utilizes 39% of its land area – {{convert|1716|acre|ha|abbr=on}} – for parks and recreation purposes. This includes about {{convert|1300|acre|ha|abbr=on}} of protected dunes and wetlands. There are several parks within the confines of Ocean City, including ten playgrounds scattered across the island. There are also a volleyball court, a shuffleboard court, a hockey rink, four baseball fields, four soccer fields, eight basketball courts, and 24 tennis courts.^[54]

Across from the Ocean City Airport is the Howard Stainton Wildlife Refuge, a {{convert|16|acre|ha|abbr=on}} area of wetlands established in 1997. There are no trails, but there is a viewing platform accessible from Bay Avenue.^[55] Adjacent to the airport is the Ocean City Municipal Golf Course, a 12–hole course run by the city and open to the public.^[56]

At the southern end of the island is Corson's Inlet State Park, which was established in 1969 to preserve one of the last undeveloped tracts of land along the oceanfront. The park is accessible by Ocean Drive (Cape May County Route 619), which bisects the park.^[57]

Demographics

2010 Census

The Census Bureau's 2006-2010 American Community Survey showed that (in 2010 inflation-adjusted dollars) median household income was $55,202 (with a margin of error of +/- $6,710) and the median family income was $79,196 (+/- $11,239). Males had a median income of $48,475 (+/- $5,919) versus $41,154 (+/- $12,032) for females. The per capita income for the city was $40,864 (+/- $3,899). About 5.1% of families and 6.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 4.3% of those under age 18 and 5.8% of those age 65 or over.^[66]

2000 Census

As of the 2000 United States Census^[14] there were 15,378 people, 7,464 households, and 4,008 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,222.8 people per square mile (858.0/km²). There were 20,298 housing units at an average density of 2,934.0 per square mile (1,132.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 93.57% White, 4.31% African American, 0.12% Native American, 0.56% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.99% of the population.^[67]^[68]

There were 7,464 households out of which 16.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 41.9% were married couples living together, 9.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 46.3% were non-families. 40.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the average family size was 2.71.^[67]^[68]

In the city, the population was spread out with 16.4% under age 18, 5.6% from 18 to 24, 23.8% from 25 to 44, 28.3% from 45 to 64, and 25.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.4 males. For every 100 women age 18 and over, there were 82.8 men.^[67]^[68]

The median income for a household in the city was $44,158, and the median income for a family was $61,731. Males had a median income of $42,224 versus $31,282 for females. The per capita income for the city was $33,217. About 4.3% of families and 6.8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.0% of those under age 18 and 6.5% of those age 65 or over.^[67]^[68]

Economy

Beach

First approved in 1976, beach tags are a major source of revenue for the city, with the $4.1 million in revenue generated in the 2016 season the most of any municipality in the state.^[69] In the 2017 budget, the projected $4.1 million in fees for beach tag and $3 million for parking were two of the city's biggest revenue sources, accounting for almost 9% of the city's annual budget of almost $80 million.^[70]

From early June through Labor Day, Ocean City requires individuals age 12 and up to purchase a beach tag to access its beaches.^[71] For the 2018 season (from June 2, 2018 through September 3, 2018), a one-day pass cost $5, a weekly pass was $10, and a seasonal pass for the full summer season will be $25. Beach tag revenue is used by the city to cover the costs of maintaining and cleaning the beaches, as well as providing lifeguards.^[72]

Boardwalk

Adjacent to the beach is a {{convert|2.45|mi|adj=on}} long boardwalk that which runs north from 23rd Street to St. James Place.^[73] The boardwalk was first built in 1880 from the Second Street wharf to Fourth Street and West Avenue. In 1885, plans to extend the boardwalk along the entire beach were made as the city's first amusement house, a pavilion on the beach at 11th street called "The Excursion" opened. A second amusement park, the "I.G. Adams pavilion", at Ninth Street and the boardwalk, opened soon after but was destroyed by fire in 1893. Following a second catastrophic fire in 1927, the boardwalk and its businesses were rebuilt {{convert|300|ft|m}} closer to the ocean on concrete pilings, with parking created for cars in the space where the buildings and boardwalk once stood.^[74] The Ocean City Music Pier partially opened one year later, with work completed in time for the 1929 season.^[75]

In 2007 controversy emerged about the city's proposed use of ipê, a type of wood, to re-deck parts of the boardwalk. Environmental activists protested against the city's use of the wood, but the plan went ahead.^[76] In Fall 2013, the city began a $10 million project to rebuild the 85 year old boardwalk from 5th to 12th Streets. This replaced the concrete substructure from 1928 with wooden supports and pine decking, and included the removal of 12,000 yd³ of sand. Originally intended to be a seven-year project, the work finished two years ahead of schedule in March 2018.^[77]^[78]^[79]

Attractions

In 1965, the Wonderland Amusement Park opened on the boardwalk at 6th Street, which is now known as Gillian’s Wonderland Pier. Runaway Train, a steel twister, is the only major coaster that operates there.^[80] Playland's Castaway Cove, is located on the boardwalk at 10th Street. Two major roller coasters operated there, which were the Python, a looping coaster, and the Flitzer, a wild mouse coaster. A new major shuttle coaster at Castaway Cove, Storm, was planned to be finished in summer 2013.^[81] The two older coasters (Python and Flitzer) were removed and for the 2016 summer season, a new ride called "GaleForce" was being built, which is a high thrill roller coaster with three linear synchronous motor launches reaching speeds of {{convert|64|mph}} and a {{convert|125|ft|adj=on}} beyond vertical drop. "GaleForce" officially opened to the public on May 26, 2017. The new "Wild Waves" ride is a family-oriented coaster, with a height of {{convert|50|ft}}, that wraps around the GaleForce coaster. The new "Whirlwind" ride is a figure eight kiddie coaster with spinning cars.^[82]

There is also a water park located on the boardwalk called "OC Waterpark", open during the summer months.^[83]

Today, there are bike and surrey rentals available along many boardwalk cross streets, but bikes and surreys can only be ridden on the boardwalk before noon during the summer. Attractions along the boardwalk include two family amusement parks with rides and games, an arcade, the Music Pier, a water park and various themed miniature golf courses. The Ocean City boardwalk has a wide variety of dining options, from sit-down restaurants to funnel cake.

Media

Media publications in Ocean City include its two newspapers, The Ocean City Sentinel^[84] and The Gazette. Ocean City also has a seasonal publication, The Ocean City Sure Guide, and a lifestyle magazine known as Ocean City Magazine.^[85]

Sports

Government

Local government

The City of Ocean City was incorporated on March 25, 1897. Since July 1, 1978, the city has operated within the Faulkner Act, formally known as the Optional Municipal Charter Law, under the mayor–council system of municipal government. The mayor, the chief executive of the community, is chosen at-large for a four-year term at the municipal election in May and serves part-time for a yearly salary. The mayor neither presides over, nor has a vote on the council. The mayor has veto power over ordinances, but any veto can be overridden by a vote of two-thirds of the Council. The City council is the legislative body and has seven members. Four members represent individual wards and three are elected at-large. Each council person serves a staggered four-year term. The three at-large seat and the mayoral seat are up for election together, followed by the four ward seats which are voted upon two years later.^[87]

In September 2015, Councilman Michael Allegretto resigned from his seat expiring in December 2018 to take a position as the city's Director of Community Services. As the council could not reach agreement on a successor in the month following the resignation, the position will remain vacant until a successor is chosen in the May 2016 municipal election to serve the balance of the term of office.^[95] In May 2016, Karen A. Bergman was elected to serve the balance of the vacant term.^[93]

Federal, state and county representation

Ocean City is located in the 2nd Congressional District^[96] and is part of New Jersey's 1st state legislative district.^[97]^[98]^[99]

Politics

As of March 23, 2011, there were a total of 8,810 registered voters in Ocean City, of which 1,747 (19.8%) were registered as Democrats, 3,776 (42.9%) were registered as Republicans and 3,282 (37.3%) were registered as Unaffiliated. There were 5 voters registered to other parties.^[100]

In the 2012 presidential election, Republican Mitt Romney received 58.1% of the vote (3,841 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama with 41.1% (2,721 votes), and other candidates with 0.8% (54 votes), among the 6,658 ballots cast by the city's 9,272 registered voters (42 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 71.8%.^[101]^[102] In the 2008 presidential election, Republican John McCain received 56.0% of the vote (3,949 cast), ahead of Democrat Barack Obama, who received 42.2% (2,982 votes), with 7,058 ballots cast among the city's 8,683 registered voters, for a turnout of 81.3%.^[103] In the 2004 presidential election, Republican George W. Bush received 59.0% of the vote (4,431 ballots cast), outpolling Democrat John Kerry, who received 39.2% (2,945 votes), with 7,516 ballots cast among the city's 10,310 registered voters, for a turnout percentage of 72.9.^[104]

In the 2013 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 75.7% of the vote (3,436 cast), ahead of Democrat Barbara Buono with 22.9% (1,038 votes), and other candidates with 1.4% (62 votes), among the 4,638 ballots cast by the city's 8,926 registered voters (102 ballots were spoiled), for a turnout of 52.0%.^[105]^[106] In the 2009 gubernatorial election, Republican Chris Christie received 58.2% of the vote (2,894 ballots cast), ahead of both Democrat Jon Corzine with 34.3% (1,707 votes) and Independent Chris Daggett with 6.1% (306 votes), with 4,976 ballots cast among the city's 9,008 registered voters, yielding a 55.2% turnout.^[107]

Education

The Ocean City School District serves public school students in kindergarten through twelfth grade. As of the 2014-15 school year, the district and its three schools had an enrollment of 1,390 students and 190.1 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 7.3:1.^[108] Schools in the district (with 2014-15 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics^[109]) are

Students from Corbin City, Longport, Sea Isle City and Upper Township attend Ocean City High School for ninth through twelfth grades as part of sending/receiving relationships with their respective school districts.^[115]^[116]

St. Augustine Regional School, a coeducational Catholic school for students in kindergarten through eighth grade, was closed by the Roman Catholic Diocese of Camden in June 2008.^[117]

Transportation

In 1883, the first drawbridge to the island opened at 34th Street, linking Ocean City with the rest of Cape May County. Financed by the Ocean City Association, the toll road was narrow, frequently under water, and built of shells, gravel, sand, and cedar poles; it was widened in 1909, replaced in 1914, and again replaced in 1964. The newer bridge at 34th street was refurbished in 2018.^[37]^[119] In 1914, a bridge connecting the island with Somers Point opened across the Great Egg Harbor Bay, which was replaced in 1932 and again in 2012.^[37]^[120] A road bridge connecting Ocean City and Strathmere opened in 1918, which was replaced in 1946 after being purchased by the county and made a part of Ocean Drive.^[37]^[121] The Ocean City Automobile Club built a bridge in the northern end of the island in 1928, connecting the island with Egg Harbor Township; the bridge was replaced in 2002.^[122]

Adjacent to the marshes of the Great Egg Harbor Bay is Ocean City Airport, officially known as Clarke Field. The airport was built in 1935 on what was previously a landfill, funded by the Works Progress Administration. The airport is still open to the public, operating at an annual loss of $150,000 for the city as of 2016.^[127]

Parking in the downtown and beach areas of Ocean City is regulated by on-street parking meters, metered parking lots, manned parking lots, and permit parking lots. Parking meters and fees for parking lots are in effect between early May and early October. In addition to public parking, there are also several private parking lots in Ocean City.^[128]

In 2009, the Ocean City metropolitan statistical area (MSA) ranked as the sixth highest in the United States for percentage of commuters who walked to work (8.4 percent).^[129]

Former transportation lines

In 1880, one year after Ocean City was established as a Christian resort, regular steamboat service from Somers Point began.^[130] In 1883, the Lake Brothers opened a streetcar line.^[166] In 1884, the West Jersey and Seashore Railroad extended its rail line from Sea Isle to the Ocean City Transportation Center.^[37] The line was replaced by buses in 1932. From 1906 to 1981, the Pennsylvania-Reading Seashore Lines operated rail service from Tuckahoe to Ocean City; service stopped when the Crook Horn bridge became damaged in 1981, and was eventually removed in 1992. After that time, rail tracks in Ocean City were removed from 9th to 34th streets.^[131]^[132] From 1907 to 1946, the Atlantic City and Shore Railroad operated a line from Atlantic City to Ocean City, until the bridge across the Great Egg Harbor Bay burned.^[133]

Notable people

People who were born in, residents of, or otherwise closely associated with Ocean City include:

Historic places

Locale

References

1. ^Home page, Ocean City. Accessed January 19, 2012.
2. ^¹[https://www.state.nj.us/dca/home/2018mayors.pdf 2018 New Jersey Mayors Directory], New Jersey Department of Community Affairs. Accessed August 7, 2018.
3. ^Business Administrator, Ocean City. Accessed July 1, 2016.
4. ^Avedissian, Eric. "Reaction focuses on new options for West Avenue bicycle paths", Ocean City Sentinel, May 25, 2011. Accessed April 7, 2015.
5. ^City Clerk, Ocean City. Accessed July 1, 2016.
6. ^¹²³⁴⁵2010 Census Gazetteer Files: New Jersey County Subdivisions, United States Census Bureau. Accessed May 21, 2015.
7. ^¹²DP-1 - Profile of General Population and Housing Characteristics: 2010 for Ocean City city, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 16, 2012.
8. ^¹Table DP-1. Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2010 for Ocean City city {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120430010302/http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/dp/dp1_cap/oceancity1.pdf |date=April 30, 2012 }}, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. Accessed January 16, 2012.
9. ^¹GCT-PH1 Population, Housing Units, Area, and Density: 2010 - State -- County Subdivision from the 2010 Census Summary File 1 for New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed August 6, 2013.
10. ^{{Gnis|885332|City of Ocean City}}, Geographic Names Information System. Accessed March 8, 2013.
11. ^¹[https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990], United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
12. ^Look Up a ZIP Code for Ocean City, NJ, United States Census Bureau. Accessed December 6, 2011.
13. ^Area Code Lookup - NPA NXX for Ocean City, NJ, Area-Codes.com. Accessed October 8, 2014.
14. ^¹American FactFinder, United States Census Bureau. Accessed September 4, 2014.
15. ^A Cure for the Common Codes: New Jersey {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20120527054825/http://mcdc2.missouri.edu/webrepts/commoncodes/ccc_nj.html |date=May 27, 2012 }}, Missouri Census Data Center. Accessed July 18, 2012.
16. ^US Board on Geographic Names, United States Geological Survey. Accessed September 4, 2014.
17. ^Table 7. Population for the Counties and Municipalities in New Jersey: 1990, 2000 and 2010 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130520191436/http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/2010/2010data/table7cm.xls |date=May 20, 2013 }}, New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development, February 2011. Accessed July 18, 2012.
18. ^Lawlor, Julia. [https://www.nytimes.com/2004/05/07/travel/weekender-ocean-city-nj.html "Weekender | Ocean City, N.J."], The New York Times, May 7, 2004. Accessed January 17, 2012. "Population -- 15,378 year-round; about 115,000 in summer"
19. ^Miller, Michael. "Ocean City Seeks New Ways to Surf at Beach", The Press of Atlantic City, February 9, 2007. Accessed January 17, 2012. "Ocean City, with a year-round population of 15,500, swells to more than 130,000 in the summer."
20. ^¹Snyder, John P. The Story of New Jersey's Civil Boundaries: 1606-1968, Bureau of Geology and Topography; Trenton, New Jersey; 1969. p. 115. Accessed January 17, 2012.
21. ^Honeyman, Abraham Van Doren. [https://books.google.com/books?id=nOkkAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA209 Index-analysis of the Statutes of New Jersey, 1896-1909: Together with References to All Acts, and Parts of Acts, in the 'General Statutes' and Pamphlet Laws Expressly Repealed: and the Statutory Crimes of New Jersey During the Same Period], p. 209. New Jersey Law Journal Publishing Company, 1910. Accessed September 12, 2015.
22. ^Hutchinson, Viola L. The Origin of New Jersey Place Names, New Jersey Public Library Commission, May 1945. Accessed September 13, 2015.
23. ^Gannett, Henry. [https://books.google.com/books?id=9V1IAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA228 The Origin of Certain Place Names in the United States], p. 228. United States Government Printing Office, 1905. Accessed September 13, 2015.
24. ^New Jersey Division of Alcoholic Beverage Control. New Jersey ABC list of dry towns (May 1, 2013)
25. ^Giordano, Rita. "More towns catching liquor-license buzz; Moorestown considers ending its dry spell", The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 24, 2007. Accessed February 16, 2014.
26. ^Genovese, Peter. "Down the Shore 2011: South Jersey" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111021031201/http://www.nj.com/inside-jersey/index.ssf/cover_stories/down-the-shore-2011-south-jersey.html |date=October 21, 2011 }}, Inside Jersey / The Star-Ledger, May 2011. Accessed January 19, 2012. "For those who swear by Seaside, Ocean City's boardwalk will come as a shock. No boardwalk is better, or more relentlessly maintained; cups, straws and fast-food wrappers are quickly snatched up by cleanup crews.If you're looking for a good time in 'America's Greatest Family Resort,' it'll have to be alcohol-free. Ocean City is a dry town, which means no liquor stores and no bringing wine or beer to a restaurant."
27. ^Best Family Beach of 2005 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081119032258/http://travel.discovery.com/convergence/beachweek/guide/beaches/oceancity.html |date=November 19, 2008 }}, Travel Channel, March 2005.
28. ^Urgo, Jacqueline L. "Sandy laurels for South Jersey; Seven of the Top 10 N.J. beaches are in Cape May County", The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 23, 2008. Accessed September 13, 2015. "Neighboring Wildwood Crest came in second, followed by Ocean City, North Wildwood, Cape May, Asbury Park in Monmouth County, Avalon, Point Pleasant Beach in northern Ocean County, Beach Haven in southern Ocean County and Stone Harbor."
29. ^Spoto, MaryAnn. "Ocean City wins No. 1 beach in New Jersey for '09", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, May 19, 2009. Accessed September 13, 2015. "The town is dry and charges beach fees, but Ocean City had enough quaint charm to knock its rowdier neighbor Wildwood out of the top spot of best beach in the state this year."
30. ^¹A Brief History of Ocean City New Jersey, Ocean City, New Jersey. Accessed December 23, 2017.
31. ^Staff. "Ocean City's Birthday / The Perfect Gift", The Press of Atlantic City, September 10, 2009. Accessed January 19, 2012.
32. ^History of Ocean City, OceanCityVacation.com. Accessed April 7, 2015.
33. ^History, Ocean City Tabernacle. Accessed June 22, 2017.
34. ^{{cite book|title=The History of Cape May County, New Jersey: From the Aboriginal Times to the Present Day|year=1897|publisher=Star of the Cape Publishing Co.|page=446|location=Cape May, New Jersey|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=e5UvAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA446&lpg=PA446&dq=%22ocean+city%22+%22new+jersey%22+mayor+gainer+moore&source=bl&ots=ibrQaTGBy2&sig=4ka2Zn_H4BIb4flsilvbpmpfgIo&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiy4rOlk5PTAhVKxWMKHQ_-B5UQ6AEIIDAC#v=onepage&q=%22ocean%20city%22%20%22new%20jersey%22%20mayor%20gainer%20moore&f=false}}
35. ^The Sindia: The Mystery Continues {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070629221258/http://www.thesindia.com/main.html |date=June 29, 2007 }}, The Sindia. Accessed June 4, 2007.
36. ^Longo, Brandon. "SummerFest: Ocean City Is All About Families", KYW-TV, July 21, 2017. Accessed December 19, 2017. "'The motto of the town since 1920 has been, "America’s Greatest Family Resort,"' says Fred Miller, author and Ocean City historian."
37. ^¹²³⁴⁵Miller, Fred; and Miller, Susan. [https://books.google.co.com/books?id=hsF8bQDMimwC&pg=PA7 Legendary Locals of Ocean City]{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, p. 7. Arcadia Publishing, 2012. {{ISBN|9781467100045}}. Accessed December 19, 2017. "In 1920, the Ocean City Chamber of Commerce adopted the slogan 'America's Greatest Family Resort.' and that is the city's motto today."
38. ^Johnston, David. "In Ocean City, The Expensive Legacy Of A Fire", The Philadelphia Inquirer, August 12, 1991. Accessed September 13, 2015. "The popular Music Pier needs those renovations because of the city fathers' action after the 1927 inferno. They used the fire as an excuse to move the boardwalk much closer to the ocean. That, in turn, led the Music Pier to be built over the water - making it much more susceptible to the damaging effects of saltwater."
39. ^History of Ocean City, Ocean City Chamber of Commerce. Accessed September 13, 2015. "Part of the original four's wish, that Ocean City remain a pure retreat that exemplified the Christian mindset, still remains today as strong as the cedar tree they first met under. Historically, Ocean City is a dry town—there is no public drinking anywhere on the island."
40. ^Lowe, Claire. "Temperance fountain rededicated in front of City Hall" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171222052809/http://www.shorenewstoday.com/ocean_city/temperance-fountain-rededicated-in-front-of-city-hall/article_e79dabd6-047b-11e5-835f-5be8f7af4290.html |date=December 22, 2017 }}, The Gazette of Ocean City, May 27, 2015. Accessed December 23, 2017. "Steelman was on the corner of Ninth Street and Central Avenue Monday, May 25 for the rededication of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union water fountain outside of City Hall. This year marks a century since Mayor Joseph G. Champion dedicated the fountain on Memorial Day 1915."
41. ^{{cite news|author=Michael Miller|date=July 24, 2011|title=Ocean City's BYOB debate brings city's history with alcohol to forefront|newspaper=Press of Atlantic City|accessdate=December 18, 2017|url=http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/communities/upper_capemay/ocean-city-s-byob-debate-brings-city-s-history-with/article_7c8f4242-b5aa-11e0-9087-001cc4c002e0.html}}
42. ^¹{{cite news|author=Eric Avedissian|newspaper=Ocean City Sentinel|title=Blue laws and BYOB|date=February 16, 2011|accessdate=December 18, 2017|url=http://www.ocsentinel.com/news/blue-laws-and-byob/article_ba6c2975-ccc3-5976-9e6a-5932bf691ab4.html}}
43. ^{{cite news|title=Ocean City voters decide: No shirts, no booze, no problem|publisher=NJ.com|author=Ted Sherman|date=May 8, 2012|accessdate=December 18, 2017|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2012/05/ocean_city_voters_say_no_to_al.html}}
44. ^{{cite news|author=Kathleen O'Brien|publisher=NJ.com|date=December 21, 2016|accessdate=December 18, 2017|title=What it means to be one of N.J.'s 32 'dry' towns|url=http://www.nj.com/news/index.ssf/2016/12/dont_hold_your_office_party_here_njs_32_dry_towns.html}}
45. ^Stebbins, Samuel; and Comen, Evan. [https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/2017/11/21/alcohol-abuse-drunkest-city-every-state/884359001/ "Alcohol abuse: The drunkest city in every state"], USA Today, November 21, 2017. Accessed December 23, 2017. "In the Ocean City metro area, some 18.3% of adults drink heavily, a larger share than the 17.6% of adults across New Jersey as a whole and a slightly larger than the 18.0% national rate."
46. ^Locality Search, State of New Jersey. Accessed May 21, 2015.
47. ^{{cite book|pages=82, 86|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=br5QL-kGpI4C&lpg=PA78&ots=dKXM-PDVe6&dq=%22ocean%20city%22%20new%20jersey%20%22barrier%20island%22%20length%20miles&pg=PA83#v=onepage&q&f=false|title=The Corps and the Shore|author1=Orrin H. Pilkey|author2=Katharine L. Dixon|publisher=Island Press|year=1996|ISBN=1-55963-438-3}}
48. ^¹²{{cite web|publisher=United States Army Corps of Engineers|title=New Jersey Shore Protection, Great Egg Harbor and Peck Beach, (Ocean City), NJ|accessdate=December 22, 2017|url=http://www.nap.usace.army.mil/Missions/Factsheets/Fact-Sheet-Article-View/Article/490782/new-jersey-shore-protection-great-egg-harbor-and-peck-beach-ocean-city-nj/}}
49. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Ocean City Sentinel|date=December 20, 2017|author=Eric Avedissian|title=Army Corps of Engineers wraps up Ocean City’s beach replenishment|accessdate=December 22, 2017|url=http://www.ocsentinel.com/news/army-corps-of-engineers-wraps-up-ocean-city-s-beach/article_5bfee474-e5a5-11e7-82b2-d368557adfc7.html}}
50. ^{{cite report|url=https://imageserv11.team-logic.com/mediaLibrary/242/Economic_Development_Plan__v_2__-_NJDCA.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=September 19, 2018|date=May 2017|title=Ocean City Master Plan Economic Development Element|publisher=City of Ocean City, New Jersey}}
51. ^{{cite web|title=Tide Levels Chart|publisher=City of Ocean City, New Jersey|accessdate=September 19, 2018|url=http://www.ocnj.us/octides/}}
52. ^Data Explorer: Time Series Values for Individual Locations, PRISM via Oregon State University. Accessed May 24, 2017.
53. ^[https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/dsdt/cwtg/all_meanT.html Weather Data], NOAA. Accessed May 24, 2017.
54. ^{{cite report|url=https://imageserv11.team-logic.com/mediaLibrary/242/Ocean_City_OSRP-Nov5-2014.pdf|accessdate=October 5, 2018|title=Ocean City Open Space & Recreation Plan|date=November 5, 2014|author=Randall E. Scheule|format=PDF}}
55. ^"The Highwayman: Bayside rambling 'down the shore'", Delco Times, May 31, 2014. Accessed December 23, 2017. "If you prefer to spend as much time as possible outdoors at the shore, don’t bypass the Howard Stainton Wildlife Refuge on Bay Avenue between 23rd and 30th streets, directly across the road from the Ocean City Airport. This 16-acre freshwater refuge supports waterfowl and marshland birds such as the black-crowned heron, sandpipers, killdeer and Canada geese, as well as the endangered least tern and black skimmer. The refuge was completed and opened in 1997 after a nearly decade-long legal battle between the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (which wanted the parcel to be protected as wetlands) and a development company, which had plans to build properties on the land."
56. ^{{cite web|title=Golf Courses Near Ocean City, New Jersey|author=Alice Moon|publisher=USA Today Travel Tips|accessdate=January 22, 2018|url=http://traveltips.usatoday.com/golf-courses-near-ocean-city-new-jersey-12946.html}}
57. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.state.nj.us/dep/parksandforests/parks/corsons.html|title=Corson's Inlet State Park|publisher=New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection Division of Parks and Forestry|accessdate=January 22, 2018}}
58. ^¹PEPANNRES - Annual Estimates of the Resident Population: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016 - 2016 Population Estimates for New Jersey municipalities, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 16, 2017.
59. ^Census Estimates for New Jersey April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2016, United States Census Bureau. Accessed June 16, 2017.
60. ^Barnett, Bob. Population Data for Cape May County Municipalities, 1810 - 2000, WestJersey.org, January 6, 2011. Accessed October 17, 2012.
61. ^[https://dspace.njstatelib.org/xmlui/handle/10929/25218?show=full Compendium of censuses 1726-1905: together with the tabulated returns of 1905], New Jersey Department of State, 1906. Accessed August 6, 2013.
62. ^Porter, Robert Percival. [https://books.google.com/books?id=8gUkQkJdLpsC&pg=PA97 Preliminary Results as Contained in the Eleventh Census Bulletins: Volume III - 51 to 75], p. 97. United States Census Bureau, 1890. Accessed July 18, 2012.
63. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=T9HrAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA336 Thirteenth Census of the United States, 1910: Population by Counties and Minor Civil Divisions, 1910, 1900, 1890], United States Census Bureau, p. 336. Accessed July 18, 2012.
64. ^[https://books.google.com/books?id=kifRAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA714 Fifteenth Census of the United States : 1930 - Population Volume I], United States Census Bureau, p. 714. Accessed December 25, 2011.
65. ^New Jersey Resident Population by Municipality: 1930 - 1990 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150510075104/http://lwd.dol.state.nj.us/labor/lpa/census/1990/poptrd6.htm |date=May 10, 2015 }}, Workforce New Jersey Public Information Network. Accessed June 28, 2015.
66. ^DP03: Selected Economic Characteristics from the 2006-2010 American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates for Ocean City city, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed January 19, 2012.
67. ^¹²³⁴Census 2000 Profiles of Demographic / Social / Economic / Housing Characteristics for Ocean City city, New Jersey {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115104042/http://censtats.census.gov/data/NJ/1603454360.pdf |date=January 15, 2013 }}, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 18, 2012.
68. ^¹²³⁴DP-1: Profile of General Demographic Characteristics: 2000 - Census 2000 Summary File 1 (SF 1) 100-Percent Data for Ocean City city, Cape May County, New Jersey, United States Census Bureau. Accessed July 18, 2012.
69. ^Hoover, Amanda. "Here's how much money Shore towns raked in off beach badges last summer", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, September 2, 2017. Accessed January 23, 2018. "Ocean City - Revenue: $4.12 million; Price: Daily-$5; Weekly-$10; Seasonal-$25."
70. ^Wittkowski, Donald. "Ocean City’s Proposed 2017 Municipal Budget Emphasizes Capital Projects", OCNJ Daily, March 15, 2017. Accessed January 23, 2018. "Ocean City’s proposed $79.7 million operating budget reflects a healthy real estate market and should satisfy Wall Street credit-rating agencies, but will require local property owners to pay more in taxes this year, according to the city’s chief financial officer.... Ocean City has the ability to tap different sources of revenue – in addition to local property taxes – to finance the operating budget. Beach tag sales and parking operations are two of the biggest revenue generators. The budget forecasts $4.1 million in beach tag sales and $3 million in parking revenue for 2017."
71. ^Ocean City Beaches {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071005005232/http://www.ocnj.us/beaches.asp |date=October 5, 2007 }}, Ocean City, New Jersey. Accessed September 24, 2007.
72. ^Beach Fees, Ocean City, New Jersey. Accessed January 23, 2018.
73. ^Bergen, Douglas. "The Myth of Ocean City's Five-Mile Boardwalk; The legendary 2.5-mile Boardwalk is really only 2.45 miles long.", Ocean City Patch, January 8, 2012. Accessed September 13, 2015. "It's common knowledge and a well-advertised fact that the legendary Ocean City Boardwalk is 2.5 miles long—and to anybody but a runner and a mathematician interested in multiple decimal places, it is. But the reality is that the 2.5 miles is rounded up from 2.45."
74. ^Bruno, Karen. [https://web.archive.org/web/20130728034744/http://newspapers.oceancitylibrary.org/data/2000-2009/OceanCitySentinel/2004/10-07-2004.pdf "Great October fire of 1927 destroyed the Boardwalk"], copy of article from Ocean City Sentinel at the Ocean County Library, October 7, 2004. Accessed January 19, 2012.
75. ^Pritchard, Michael. "Ocean City's Music Pier: A Giant Among Piers; Ocean City's Music Pier is the center of the city's Boardwalk and the home of summer concerts.", Atlantic City Weekly, July 6, 2011. Accessed September 13, 2015. "'The pier was built in 1928, but it really wasn't ready for the summer that year, so it opened in the summer of 1929,' says Fred Miller, Ocean City historian and the author of seven books on the city's history. 'It was built after the great fire of 1927 that destroyed the Boardwalk. But there actually had been a music pavilion there since 1905. It did survive the fire, but they moved it and built the pier.'"
76. ^Gilfillian, Trudi. "Southern New Jersey boardwalk officials search for the right wood (or plastic)", The Press of Atlantic City, August 24, 2009. Accessed January 19, 2012. "But hardwoods such as ipe have their own downside, namely the controversy that can arise over their use. In Ocean City, officials opted this year to use pine to replace a block of Boardwalk after an order of tropical hardwood was delivered months late.... The city's initial decision to use tropical hardwood prompted public protests on the Boardwalk and outside City Hall. The Mayor's Office was flooded with messages from protesters."
77. ^{{cite news|agency=Associated Press|title=Historic Boardwalk Being Replaced in Ocean City|date=December 10, 2017|accessdate=January 23, 2018|newspaper=U.S. News|url=https://www.usnews.com/news/best-states/new-jersey/articles/2017-12-10/historic-boardwalk-being-replaced-in-ocean-city}}
78. ^{{cite news|author=Tim Hawk|date=December 12, 2017|accessdate=January 23, 2018|title=See what it takes to replace 90-year-old boardwalk in Ocean City |publisher=NJ.com|url=http://www.nj.com/cape-may-county/index.ssf/2017/12/ocean_city_boardwalk_replacement.html}}
79. ^{{cite news|author=Maddie Vitale|date=March 10, 2018|title=Ocean City Boardwalk Project Completed: Ready for Tourist Season|newspaper=OCNJ Daily|accessdate=September 19, 2018|url=http://ocnjdaily.com/ocean-city-boardwalk-project-completed-ready-for-tourist-season/}}
80. ^"Want to know more about the Gillian's? The History of the Gillian family"{{Dead link|date=August 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Sea Isle City. Accessed September 13, 2015.
81. ^Bellano, Anthony. "125-Foot Roller Coaster Coming to Ocean City; GaleForce is set to open next year at Playland's Castaway Cove.", Ocean City Patch, August 5, 2015. Accessed September 13, 2015. "A 125-foot roller coaster is coming to Playland's Castaway Cove in Ocean City next year. Nicknamed 'GaleForce,' the roller coaster will feature a 64 mph launch and a drop of beyond 90 degrees.... GaleForce and another roller coaster to be named soon will replace Playland's looping Python and Flitzer at 10th Street, according to the Ocean City Gazette."
82. ^Staff. "Construction Progresses on New Roller Coasters at Castaway Cove", OCNJ Daily, May 14, 2016. Accessed July 21, 2016.
83. ^OC Waterpark, Visit NJ. Accessed September 13, 2015.
84. ^About Us, Ocean City Sentinel. Accessed September 29, 2015. "Founded in 1879 the Ocean City Sentinel is the oldest business in Ocean City, NJ, 'America's Greatest Family Resort.' The Ocean City Sentinel's history dates back to 1880 and the newspaper has been published continually since 1881."
85. ^Home Page, Ocean City magazine. Accessed September 29, 2015.
86. ^About Ocean City Nor'easters {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140203191507/http://www.uslsoccer.com/teams/2012/22383.html |date=February 3, 2014 }}, USL Premier Development League. Accessed October 17, 2012. "The Ocean City Nor'easters have taken a huge step forward in their attempts to improve the quality of the soccer product being played at Carey Stadium in the summer as they are now being operated by a nonprofit corporation, Ocean City Nor'easters Soccer, Inc."
87. ^¹2012 New Jersey Legislative District Data Book, Rutgers University Edward J. Bloustein School of Planning and Public Policy, March 2013, p. 8.
88. ^¹Mayor, City of Ocean City. Accessed August 7, 2018.
89. ^City Council, City of Ocean City. Accessed January 22, 2018.
90. ^[https://imageserv11.team-logic.com/mediaLibrary/242/0508_fba_2017_1.pdf 2017 Municipal User Friendly Budget], City of Ocean City. Accessed December 23, 2017.
91. ^The Official Cape May County 2016 Directory, Cape May County, New Jersey. Accessed December 23, 2017.
92. ^2018 County & Municipal Elected Officials Cape May County, NJ –January 2018 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180123072359/http://www.capemaycountyvotes.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/2018-All-Elected-Officials-INTERNET.pdf |date=January 23, 2018 }}, Cape May County, New Jersey, January 10, 2018. Accessed January 22, 2018.
93. ^¹Cape May County Statement of Vote 2016 Ocean City Municipal Election, Cape May County, New Jersey, updated May 13, 2016. Accessed July 1, 2016.
94. ^2014 Ocean City Municipal Election May 13, 2014 Official Results, Cape May County, New Jersey, updated May 15, 2014. Accessed January 22, 2018.
95. ^Lowe, Claire. "Ocean City Council will not fill vacant seat"{{Dead link|date=February 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, Ocean City Gazette, September 29, 2015. Accessed September 30, 2015. "The seat left vacant after the resignation of Councilman Michael Allegretto two weeks ago will not be filled this year, council decided.Council President Keith Hartzell said Tuesday, Sept. 29 that three council members had to support filling the position by Monday's agenda meeting and that did not happen.... Allegretto, who was council vice president, officially resigned on Sept. 14 to take the position of city director of community services. He was one year into his third, four-year term on council.... Whoever is elected in May will be sworn in at the next consecutive council meeting to serve the remainder of Allegretto's term, which expires in 2018."
96. ^Plan Components Report, New Jersey Redistricting Commission, December 23, 2011. Accessed January 6, 2013.
97. ^¹²Municipalities Grouped by 2011-2020 Legislative Districts, New Jersey Department of State, p. 1. Accessed January 6, 2013.
98. ^2017 New Jersey Citizen's Guide to Government {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170407143637/http://lwvnj.org/images/CG/2017_CG.pdf#page=63 |date=April 7, 2017 }}, p. 62, New Jersey League of Women Voters. Accessed May 30, 2017.
99. ^Districts by Number for 2011-2020, New Jersey Legislature. Accessed January 6, 2013.
100. ^Voter Registration Summary - Cape May, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, March 23, 2011. Accessed October 16, 2012.
101. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2012-results/2012-presidential-cape-may.pdf |title=Presidential General Election Results - November 6, 2012 - Cape May County |date=March 15, 2013 |publisher=New Jersey Department of Elections |accessdate=December 24, 2014}}
102. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2012-results/2012-ballotscast-capemay.pdf |title=Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 6, 2012 - General Election Results - Cape May County|date=March 15, 2013 |publisher=New Jersey Department of Elections |accessdate=December 24, 2014}}
103. ^2008 Presidential General Election Results: Cape May County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 23, 2008. Accessed October 16, 2012.
104. ^2004 Presidential Election: Cape May County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 13, 2004. Accessed October 16, 2012.
105. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2013-results/2013-general-election-results-governor-cape-may.pdf |title=Governor - Cape May County |date=January 29, 2014 |publisher=New Jersey Department of Elections |accessdate=December 24, 2014}}
106. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.state.nj.us/state/elections/2013-results/2013-general-election-ballotscast-capemay.pdf |title=Number of Registered Voters and Ballots Cast - November 5, 2013 - General Election Results - Cape May County|date=January 29, 2014 |publisher=New Jersey Department of Elections |accessdate=December 24, 2014}}
107. ^2009 Governor: Cape May County, New Jersey Department of State Division of Elections, December 31, 2009. Accessed October 16, 2012.
108. ^District information for Ocean City School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 7, 2016.
109. ^School Data for the Ocean City School District, National Center for Education Statistics. Accessed December 7, 2016.
110. ^Ocean City Primary School, Ocean City School District. Accessed January 10, 2017.
111. ^Ocean City Intermediate School, Ocean City School District. Accessed January 10, 2017.
112. ^Ocean City High School, Ocean City School District. Accessed January 10, 2017.
113. ^Schools, Ocean City School District. Accessed January 10, 2017.
114. ^[https://homeroom5.doe.state.nj.us/directory/school.php?district=3780&source=01 New Jersey School Directory for Ocean City School District], New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed December 29, 2016.
115. ^[https://rc.doe.state.nj.us/1516/09/3780/050.html Ocean City High School 2016 Report Card Narrative], New Jersey Department of Education. Accessed August 6, 2017. "Ocean City High School is a comprehensive high school serving the communities of Ocean City, Upper Township, Sea Isle City, Corbin City and Longport, with an enrollment of over 1,250 students."
116. ^Rudloff, Mary. [https://web.archive.org/web/20120519155843/http://www.ocsentinel.com/article.php?article_id=3708 "Audit: Ocean City school district owes Upper Township $815,000 - Township, Corbin City overpaid tuition for sending students to OCHS"], Ocean City Sentinel, February 16, 2011. Accessed December 6, 2011. "At the Jan. 26 Ocean City Board of Education meeting, school Business Administrator Tom Grossi said the Upper Township and Corbin City school districts would be receiving sizable credits in the coming school budget, $815,324 and $54,669, respectively. Those adjustments come from the cost of educating their high school students in Ocean City. Sea Isle City, which sends its fourth graders through high school students to Ocean City, did not fare as well. The already financially tapped out district owes Ocean City an additional $69,992 for the 2009-10 school year."
117. ^Campbell, Al. "St. Augustine School, Ocean City, to Close Next June", Cape May County Herald, November 29, 2007. Accessed October 17, 2012. " Emphasizing the need to strengthen and revitalize Catholic school education in South Jersey, Most Rev. Joseph A. Galante, Bishop of Camden, on Nov. 29 announced a reconfiguration of schools in nine clusters representing 35 elementary schools in the diocese. St. Augustine, Ocean City, which has 112 students currently enrolled, will close in June, 2008."
118. ^Cape May County Mileage by Municipality and Jurisdiction{{dead link|date=February 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}, New Jersey Department of Transportation, May 2010. Accessed July 18, 2014.
119. ^{{cite news|title=Wait No More, 34th Street Bridge Project Nearly Done|author=Donald Wittkowski |publisher=OCNJ Daily|url=http://ocnjdaily.com/wait-no-more-34th-street-bridge-project-nearly-done/|date=April 6, 2018|accessdate=November 21, 2018}}
120. ^{{cite news |first=Jacqueline L. |last=Urgo |title=Route 52 Causeway ready for the season in Ocean City, N.J.|work=The Philadelphia Inquirer |date=May 17, 2012|accessdate=May 18, 2012|url=http://www.philly.com/philly/news/20120517_Route_52_Causeway_ready_for_the_season_in_Ocean_City__N_J_.html}}
121. ^{{cite web|title=Bridge History|url=https://capemaycountynj.gov/653/Bridge-History|publisher=Government of Cape May County|accessdate=November 21, 2018}}
122. ^{{cite book|title=Ocean City: America's Greatest Family Resort|author=Fred Miller|year=2003|page=38, 43, 48-49|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|ISBN=0-7385-2447-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LRUufTZqweQC&pg=PA83&lpg=PA83&dq=%22wesley+c.+smith%22+ocean+city&source=bl&ots=aAovlgINJ-&sig=Z8s6J2KF7nfmhEk6cihtvFOwfpc&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjExOHog6PWAhVIsFQKHTTrBUsQ6AEIMjAC#v=onepage&q=%22wesley%20c.%20smith%22%20ocean%20city&f=false}}
123. ^{{cite web|publisher=NJ Transit|url=https://www.njtransit.com/pdf/bus/T0507.pdf|title=507 Bus Timetable|accessdate=November 26, 2018}}
124. ^{{cite web|publisher=NJ Transit|url=https://www.njtransit.com/pdf/bus/T0509.pdf|title=509 Bus Timetable|accessdate=November 26, 2018}}
125. ^{{cite web|publisher=NJ Transit|url=https://www.njtransit.com/pdf/bus/T0319.pdf|title=509 Bus Timetable|accessdate=November 26, 2018}}
126. ^{{cite web|title=Ocean City Trolley|publisher=Great American Trolley Company|url=http://www.gatrolley.com/h_fm1.htm|accessdate=August 7, 2017}}
127. ^{{cite news|title=Ocean City's airport still running, over 80 years later |author=Claire Lowe|date=September 18, 2016|newspaper=Press of Atlantic City|accessdate=January 22, 2016|url=http://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/news/ocean-city-s-airport-still-running-over-years-later/article_5b937398-7c0f-11e6-848c-77a514956422.html}}
128. ^{{cite web|title=Parking|publisher=Ocean City, New Jersey|url=http://www.ocnj.us/parking/|accessdate=August 19, 2018}}
129. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acs-15.pdf|series=American Community Survey Reports|title=Commuting in the United States: 2009|access-date=December 26, 2017|date=September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170726134351/https://www.census.gov/prod/2011pubs/acs-15.pdf|archive-date=July 26, 2017|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
130. ^{{cite web|title=History of Ocean City, NJ|publisher=VisitNJShore.com|accessdate=March 1, 2018|url=https://www.visitnjshore.com/ocean-city/history/}}
131. ^{{cite web|title=A General Chronology of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company its Predecessors and Successors and its Historical Context, 1906|date=May 2016|author=Christopher T. Baer|url=http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1906.pdf|accessdate=November 26, 2018|publisher=The Pennsylvania Railroad Technical & Historical Society}}
132. ^¹{{cite book|title=When the Railroad Leaves Town: American Communities in the Age of Rail Line Abandonment|page=193-197|year=2001|ISBN=0-943549-97-3|publisher=Truman State University Press}}
133. ^{{cite book|title=The Electric Interurban Railways in America|author=George Woodman Hilton|author2=John Fitzgerald Due|page=307|publisher=Stanford University Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=J2zH-zcuU-MC&pg=PA307|year=1960}}
134. ^[https://www.nytimes.com/movies/person/299/Marla-Adams/biography "Marla Adams"], The New York Times. Accessed September 13, 2015.
135. ^"NFL/ Eagles Camp '70", The Press of Atlantic City, August 4, 2007. Accessed August 5, 2007 "Punter Sav Rocca went home to his native Australia for a few weeks and spent some time in Ocean City with place-kicker David Akers, who owns a home there."
136. ^Strauss, Robert. "Big-name hunting season at the Shore; Celebrities roam even these simpler environs.", The Philadelphia Inquirer, May 15, 2009. Accessed September 13, 2015. "Eagles kicker David Akers has a house on the south end of the island and, at various times, former boxing champ Mike Tyson, Flyers captain and executive Bobby Clarke, and Eagles running back Brian Westbrook have been reported to own or rent in Ocean City."
137. ^Miller, Michael. "Pulitzer Prize poet will read works in O.C."{{dead link|date=February 2019|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}, The Press of Atlantic City, June 22, 2007. Accessed September 13, 2015. "The late poet A.R. Ammons, formerly of Ocean City, Northfield and Millville, won the prestigious National Book Award."
138. ^via Associated Press. "Andes, leading man to Marilyn Monroe, dies at 85", USA Today, November 27, 2005. Accessed September 13, 2015. "Born John Charles Andes on July 12, 1920, in Ocean City, N.J., he was appearing on the radio by age 12."
139. ^Staff. [https://www.nytimes.com/1936/02/04/archives/andrew-c-boswell-solicitor-of-ocean-city-26-years-served-in-new.html "Andrew C. Boswell; Solicitor of Ocean City 26 Years Served in New Jersey Assembly"], The New York Times, February 4, 1936. Accessed August 11, 2016.
140. ^Roncace, Kelly. [https://www.nj.com/entertainment/index.ssf/2015/08/breaking_benjamin_is_back_and_going_home.html 'Breaking Benjamin is back and going home with show at Trump Taj Mahal"], NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, August 8, 2015. Accessed August 9, 2018. "'I was born in Atlantic City, at the hospital there, and raised in Ocean City until I was 12 years old.' Burnley explained his family moved to Pennsylvania when he was 12 due to an increase in taxes at the shore town."
141. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.northeastobits.com/archives.cfm?s=print&obit=15052|title=Catarcio, Maurice A.|publisher=Northeast Obits|accessdate=January 25, 2009|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829224730/http://www.northeastobits.com/archives.cfm?s=print&obit=15052|archivedate=August 29, 2014|df=mdy-all}}
142. ^Donahue, Bill. "Standing Pat", South Jersey Magazine, February 2011. Accessed September 13, 2015. "Pat Croce—karate champion, former Philadelphia 76ers president, motivational icon and our region's most famous hard body—can still outrun you at age 56. We find out what drives this part-time Ocean City resident to succeed."
143. ^Yates, Melissa. Pennsylvania People: Walter E. Diemer {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110429074051/http://www.cbsd.org/curriculum/library/papeople/Pages/2_Diemer.aspx |date=April 29, 2011 }}, Central Bucks School District. Accessed May 31, 2011.
144. ^Staff. "End of an era as DuBois estate falls" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110723075824/http://www.shorenewstoday.com/snt/news/index.php/ocean-city-mainmenu/ocean-city-general-news/11684-end-of-an-era-as-dubois-estate-falls.html |date=July 23, 2011 }}, Shore News Today, May 24, 2011. Accessed May 31, 2011.
145. ^Strauss, Robert. [https://www.nytimes.com/2003/04/27/nyregion/ode-to-joi-sey.html "Ode to Joi(sey)"], The New York Times, April 27, 2003. Accessed October 9, 2007. "Mr. Dunn, who used to live in Port Republic, a remote town in the interior of South Jersey, now divides his time between Ocean City and his wife's hometown, Frostburg, Md."
146. ^Staff. "2009 Voter Guide / Governor's Race / Daggett travels long, lonely road", The Press of Atlantic City, November 1, 2009. Accessed March 28, 2011. "Daggett and his lieutenant governor running mate, Frank Esposito, who grew up in Ocean City, are the only candidates with local ties."
147. ^[https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:247Z-LPM "New York City Marriage Records, 1829-1940".] Marriage of Preston S. Foster and Gertrude Elene [Warren] Leonard, June 27, 1925, Manhattan, New York City, New Yorwk, United States. FamilySearch, a free online genealogical database provided as a public service by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Salt Lake City, Utah. Retrieved August 16, 2017. It should be noted that Foster lived in Ocean City from birth to at least the age of 10, which is documented in the United States Census of 1910. His family later moved to Pitman, New Jersey.
148. ^Staff. "Gaitley Comes Home To Coach St. Joe's", The Philadelphia Inquirer, June 20, 1991. Accessed March 28, 2011. "She grew up in Ocean City, N.J., played for a 1981 AIAW Final Four team at Villanova and served as an assistant coach at St. Joe's for three years..."
149. ^Heinzmann, David. "Andrew Golota charged with impersonating a cop.", Chicago Tribune, February 5, 2002. Accessed July 12, 2008. "Golota, who gave Ocean City, N.J., as his address, then acknowledged that the badge was honorary and given to him in recognition of charity work he had done, Boggs said."
150. ^"Anne Heche Discusses Her New Book, 'Call Me Crazy'", Larry King Live, April 6, 2001. Accessed September 13, 2015. "KING: What city were you in then? HECHE: New Jersey. We lived in Ocean City, New Jersey right down the shore from Atlantic City at that point."
151. ^Staff reports. "St. Augustine Prep honors Dan Hilferty with Mendel Medal" {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141202155731/http://www.shorenewstoday.com/snt/news/index.php/ocean-city-general-news/59611-st-augustine-prep-honors-dan-hilferty-with-mendel-medal.html |date=December 2, 2014 }}, Ocean City Gazette, November 24, 2014. Accessed December 1, 2014. "Ocean City native, and 1974 graduate of St. Augustine Prep, Daniel J. Hilferty received the 2014 Gregor Mendel Medal at dinner held in his honor at the Union League of Philadelphia on Nov. 13."
152. ^"Biography of Ambassador William J. Hughes", Stockton University William J. Hughes Center for Public Policy. Accessed September 13, 2015. "The Center is named in honor of U.S. Ambassador William J. Hughes. A native of southern New Jersey, Ambassador Hughes and his wife, Nancy, live in Ocean City, NJ."
153. ^Princess Grace Exhibit {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418011858/http://www.ocnjmuseum.org/ochm_06_pages/events_pages/press.html |date=April 18, 2007 }}, Ocean City Historical Museum Press Release dated July 12, 2005. "John Kelly, Grace's father, and family were famous summer residents of Ocean City. Grace spent many summers on the Ocean City beach before becoming Hollywood movie star."
154. ^Jackson, Vincent. "Local Boys Makes News / Mtv News Anshorman Kurt Loder Once Called Ocean City His Home", The Press of Atlantic City, August 23, 1998. Accessed May 31, 2011. "There's virtually no living influential pop musician Loder didn't interview during his 20 years with the nation's premiere chronicles of pop culture. And his interest in music was cultivated during his years living in Ocean City from age 3 to 18."
155. ^"Lombardi named VP of Player Personnel" {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180106071514/http://www.clevelandbrowns.com/news/article-1/Lombardi-named-VP-of-Player-Personnel/a39cea68-d2ce-4e9b-bd2d-acde91e5458f |date=January 6, 2018 }}, Cleveland Browns, January 18, 2013. Accessed May 18, 2013. "A native of Ocean City, New Jersey, Lombardi lettered in both football and baseball at Valley Forge Military Academy in Wayne, Pennsylvania."
156. ^Iati, Marisa. "Murphy nominates ex-acting EPA chief as state DEP commissioner", NJ Advance Media for NJ.com, December 21, 2017. Accessed December 23, 2017. "Gov.-elect Phil Murphy on Thursday announced he has chosen a former top federal environmental official to serve as commissioner of the state Department of Environmental Protection.Announcing the nomination of Catherine McCabe with a backdrop of the beach in Long Branch, Murphy criticized Gov. Chris Christie's administration for its handling of pollution cases, pulling out of the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and abolishing the DEP's Office of Climate and Energy.... 'I remember vividly my husband digging out the five feet of sand that landed in the yard of our home in Ocean City.'"
157. ^Mazda, Jason. [https://www.pressofatlanticcity.com/sports/local/eagles/late-ex-eagle-tackle-george-savitsky-of-ocean-city-an/article_21d7b382-0d12-11e2-92ab-001a4bcf887a.html "Late ex-Eagle tackle George Savitsky, of Ocean City, an All-American at Penn, humble about football exploits"], The Press of Atlantic City, October 3, 2012. Accessed November 6, 2018. "Football was never the No. 1 priority for Savitsky, a longtime Ocean City resident who passed away Sept. 4 at 88 from pneumonia."
158. ^Staff. [https://books.google.com/books?id=peqHAAAAMAAJ Manual of the Legislature of New Jersey; 1988 Edition], p. 244. J.A. Fitzgerald, 1988. Accessed October 25, 2016. "Assemblyman Shusted was born Aug. 3, 1926, in Ocean City. He attended Camden Catholic High School, LaSalle University, and Rutgers Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1954."
159. ^¹Sugarman, Joe. The Other Ocean City {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929101257/http://www.baltimorestyle.com/index.php/style/travel_article/t_oceancitynj_ja03/ |date=September 29, 2007 }}, Baltimore Style, July/August 2003. Accessed May 2, 2007. "First of all, Ocean City, N.J., is dry, as in, NO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES ALLOWED. Not on the beach. Not at restaurants.... Now there's Cousin's, an excellent Italian eatery where Pennsylvania Gov. Ed Rendell often dines (he owns a house in town)."
160. ^Ocean City, N.J.: This family-oriented resort thrives on its virtuous origins., The Baltimore Sun, accessed December 17, 2006. "In his best-selling book, Unto the Sons, Ocean City native and journalist Gay Talese provides a vivid account of growing up on Marconi Street, the stretch of Simpson Street between 9th and 12th streets that, in the early 1900s, was Ocean City's Little Italy.
161. ^Chun, Gary C. W. "Canned Heat veteran courts guitar stardom", Honolulu Star-Bulletin, February 1, 2002. Accessed June 4, 2007. "Trout grew up on the island of Ocean City, off the Jersey shore."