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词条 432 Park Avenue
释义

  1. Height and slenderness

  2. Design

     Apartments and amenities 

  3. Engineering

  4. Ownership

  5. Reception

  6. Gallery

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

{{short description|Skyscraper in New York City}}{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2018}}{{Use American English|date=February 2013}}{{Infobox building
| name = 432 Park Avenue
| image = 432ParkNov2017.jpg
| caption =
| location = 432 Park Avenue
Manhattan, New York City
| coordinates = {{Coord|40|45|41|N|73|58|18.5|W|display=inline,title}}
| status = {{green|Complete}}
| building_type = Residences
| start_date = {{bulleted list|Foundation: September 2011|Aboveground structure: May 2012}}
| topped-out_date = October 10, 2014
| completion_date = December 23, 2015[1]
| map_type =
| architectural = {{convert|1396|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}[2]
| tip = {{convert|1396|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}[2]
| top_floor = {{convert|392.1|m|ft|0|order=flip|abbr=on}}[2] (occupied)
| floor_count = 88[3]
| floor_area = {{convert|412637|sqft|0}}
| elevator_count = 10
| cost = US$1.25 billion[4]
| architect = Rafael Viñoly[2] and SLCE Architects, LLP
| structural_engineer = WSP Cantor Seinuk
| main_contractor = Lend Lease Group
| developer = CIM Group / Macklowe Properties

}}

432 Park Avenue is a residential skyscraper in New York City that overlooks Central Park. Originally proposed to be {{convert|1300|ft|m|1|abbr=off|sp=us}} in 2011,[5] the structure topped out at {{convert|1396|ft|m|1|abbr=on}}.[2][6][7] It was developed by CIM Group and features 125 condominium apartments. Construction began in 2012 and was completed on December 23, 2015.[1]

The construction was preceded by the demolition of the historic 495-room Drake Hotel and adjacent, typical 19th-century New York townhouses. Built in 1926, the Drake was purchased for $440 million in 2006 (equivalent to ${{Inflation|US-GDP|440|2006|r=-1}} million in {{Inflation-year|US-GDP}}{{inflation-fn|US-GDP}}) by developer Harry Macklowe and razed the next year. Its footprint became one of New York's most valuable development sites due to its location[8] between East 56th and 57th Streets on the west side of Park Avenue.

As completed, 432 Park Avenue is the third-tallest building in the United States and the tallest residential building in the world.[9] It is the second-tallest building in New York City, behind One World Trade Center, and ahead of the Empire State Building. It is also the first, and so far only, building in New York City outside the World Trade Center Complex to be taller than the original Twin Towers. Upon completion, it became the tallest building in the world known by its street address.

Height and slenderness

432 Park Avenue officially topped out on October 10, 2014, at {{convert|1,398|ft}}[6][10] making it the second-tallest building in New York City after One World Trade Center and the fifteenth-tallest building in the world.[11] Because much of One World Trade Center's height is in its spire and its base is nearly {{convert|40|ft}} lower, the rooftop of 432 Park Ave is, {{as of|2018|lc=y}}, the highest in the city. It surpassed 311 South Wacker as the tallest building in the world known only by its street address.[12]

The tower sits in the middle of the block bounded by East 56th Street, Madison Avenue, East 57th Street, and Park Avenue. The building's {{convert|100|ft|adj=on}} base covers most of the {{convert|41,000|sqft|adj=on}} lot.[13] The tower is a {{convert|93|ft|adj=on}} square in plan, giving each floorplate an occupiable area of {{convert|8,255|sqft}}.[14] At 15:1, 432 Park has one of the greatest height-to-width ratios of any skyscraper in the world.

Design

The design of the structure was conceived by architect Rafael Viñoly who was inspired by a trash can designed in 1905 by Austrian designer Josef Hoffmann.[16] The tower has eighty-four {{convert|8255|sqft|adj=on}} stories, each with six {{convert|100|sqft|adj=on}} windows per face. Interiors are designed by Deborah Berke and the firm Bentel & Bentel, which also designed Eleven Madison Park and the Gramercy Tavern.[17] Berke's design brief was simply “no set budget, make it look fantastic”.[18] To support its thin orthogonal frame, the structure features larger columns at its base than on the upper floors.[16]

Apartments and amenities

The tower's condominium units feature high ceilings, and range from a {{convert|351|sqft|adj=on}} studio to a {{convert|8255|sqft|adj=on}}, six-bedroom, seven-bath penthouse with a library, which sold for $95 million to real estate mogul Fawaz Alhokair.[19][20][21][22] The building's amenities include {{convert|12|ft|m|1|adj=on}} ceilings, golf training facilities and private dining and screening rooms.[23]

The first sale of apartment #35B was reported in January 2016 for $18.116 million, more than the $17.75 million asking price. Ten additional apartments were available at the time ranging from $17.4 to $44.25 million. #35B covers {{convert|4000|sqft}}, one half of the 35th floor of the tower, and contains three bedrooms and four-and-a-half baths. Each face has six {{convert|10|by|10|ft|abbr=on}} windows, which for #35B, face south and west with views of Central Park.[24][25]

Engineering

The structure of the tower is composed of a {{convert|30|ft|adj=on}} square, reinforced concrete core with {{convert|30|in|cm|adj=mid|-thick}} walls, which the engineer, Silvian Marcus, describes as "like the backbone of a body." This core houses the elevator shafts and all the building mechanical services. The outer structural skin is composed of a grid of {{convert|3|ft|8|in|abbr=on}} wide columns and equal width spandrel (horizontal, exterior) beams of reinforced concrete that encloses the symmetric "basket grid" of window openings. The columns begin with a depth of {{convert|5|ft|4|in|abbr=on}} at the bottom of the tower, to as little as {{convert|20|in|cm|abbr=on}} at the top. This layout permits all of the interior space on each floor to remain fully open for the complete {{convert|27|ft}} span between the core and shell.[26][27]

The façade, with the formed surface left as the final finish without any added facia, was poured in place from concrete using 14,000 psi white Portland cement, and cast around preassembled full-floor cages of #20 rebars with articulated steel formwork. The floor-to-floor height of each of the 85 stories is {{convert|15|ft|6|in|abbr=on}}, with {{convert|10|in|cm|abbr=on}} thick floor slabs, although to damp the acceleration from wind loads, upper floors have slabs up to {{convert|18|in|cm|abbr=on}} thick to add more mass. Also aimed at reducing the potentially uncomfortable effects of swaying due to wind vortex loading on such a flexible tower, the window grid and interior space of 2 floors between every 12 occupied floors are left open to allow the wind to pass through. These floors also contain modularized mechanical services for the six floors above and below to reduce ductwork. In addition two tuned mass dampers are located at the top of the tower and in the outriggers of some of the mechanical floors to help damp the motion.[27]

Ownership

By the end of 2015, close to 90% of the apartments had been sold, with almost every other owner being a foreign citizen, "part of a global elite that collects residences like art."[28] It has been estimated that the majority of the units will remain unoccupied for more than ten months a year.[28]

Some notable residents include Bennett LeBow, Gerard Guez, David Chu, Rene Dahdah, Jennifer Lopez, Stefan Aschbacher, and Alex Rodriguez. [29]

Reception

The skyscraper has received mixed reviews from both professionals and the public alike. Not everyone agreed with the artistic value of the building.[30][16] Some city residents have criticized 432 Park Avenue, stating that it represents New York's increasing cost of living and ostentatious wealth.[30] 432 Park's association to wealth inequality was also remarked upon by the building's architect himself, Rafael Viñoly, who commented that "There are only two markets, ultraluxury and subsidized housing."[31] Other critics noted 432 Park's slenderness and simplicity. For example, fashion consultant Tim Gunn described the building as "just a thin column. It needs a little cap."[32] The architecture critic for New York magazine, Justin Davidson, wrote that the building is nothing more than just "stacked cubbyhole units" and questioned the creative value of the building.[16]

Gallery

See also

  • 125 Greenwich Street
  • World One
  • List of tallest residential buildings in the world
  • List of tallest buildings in New York City
  • List of tallest buildings in the United States

References

1. ^1 {{cite web|title=World Reaches 100 Supertall Skyscrapers with Completion of 432 Park Avenue|url=http://www.ctbuh.org/News/GlobalTallNews/tabid/4810/Article/3488/language/en-US/view.aspx|website=CTBUH|publisher=CTBUH Global News|accessdate=January 17, 2016|date=January 13, 2016}}
2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/building/432-park-avenue/13227 |title=432 Park Avenue - The Skyscraper Center|publisher=Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat|accessdate=November 21, 2015}}
3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/432-park-avenue/13227|title=432 Park Avenue - The Skyscraper Center|website=www.skyscrapercenter.com|access-date=2019-03-22}}
4. ^{{cite news|title=Ultra-luxury high rise boom amid New York's housing crisis|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2013/06/24/park-j24.html|accessdate=October 5, 2014|publisher=World Socialist Web Site|date=June 24, 2013}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://tommytoy.typepad.com/tommy-toy-pbt-consultin/2011/10/a-los-angeles-real-estate-company-founded-by-two-former-israeli-paratroopers-and-a-drexel-burnham-lambert-executive-has-emerg.html|title=CIM Group and New York real estate magnate Harry Macklowe plan 1,300 foot Manhattan condo and retail complex|date=October 23, 2011|publisher=PBT Consulting|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}
6. ^1 {{cite news |title=New Manhattan Tower Is Now the Tallest, if Not the Fairest, of Them All |author=Chaban, Matt A.V. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/14/nyregion/432-park-avenue-tower-the-tallest-if-not-the-fairest-of-them-all.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=October 13, 2014 |accessdate=November 21, 2015}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://skyscraperpage.com/cities/?buildingID=94370|title=432 Park Avenue|publisher=SkyscraperPage|accessdate=September 19, 2013}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://therealdeal.com/newyork/articles/harry-macklowe-s-drake-hotel-tops-list-of-most-valuable-nyc-development-sites|title=Drake Hotel tops most valuable NYC development sites list|publisher=The Real Deal|date=June 21, 2011|accessdate=January 13, 2012}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=The Skyscraper Center|url=http://skyscrapercenter.com/interactive-data/submit?type%5B%5D=building&status%5B%5D=COM&function%5B%5D=residential&base_region=0&base_country=0&base_city=0&base_height_range=5&base_company=All&base_min_year=0&base_max_year=9999&comp_region=0&comp_country=2&comp_city=0&comp_height_range=3&comp_company=All&comp_min_year=1960&comp_max_year=2015&skip_comparison=on&output%5B%5D=list&dataSubmit=Show+Results|website=CTBUH|accessdate=January 17, 2016}}
10. ^{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/US/inside-tallest-residential-building-western-hemisphere/story?id=26186476|title=Inside the Tallest Residential Building in the Western Hemisphere|publisher=ABC News|accessdate=October 17, 2014}}
11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/432-park-avenue/13227|title=432 Park Avenue - The Skyscraper Center|website=SkyscraperCenter.com|access-date=November 15, 2016}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bisnow.com/chicago/news/construction-development/the-forgotten-history-of-chicago-supertalls-4-fun-facts-about-311-south-wacker-68118|title=The Forgotten History Of Chicago Supertalls: Everything You Need To Know About 311 South Wacker|accessdate=December 20, 2018|date=November 28, 2016|website=Bisnow.com|author=Sudo, Chuck}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Zoning Documents|url=http://a810-bisweb.nyc.gov/bisweb/JobsZoningDocumentsServlet?requestid=1&allisn=0001872827&passjobnumber=120628776&passdocnumber=01&allbin=1088817|website=NYC Buildings|accessdate=July 29, 2017|date=December 6, 2016}}
14. ^{{cite web|last1=Budin|first1=Jeremiah|title=Here's 432 Park Avenue's 92nd-Floor $79.5 Million Penthouse|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2014/4/7/10120024/heres-432-park-avenues-92nd-floor-79-5-million-penthouse|website=Curbed|accessdate=July 29, 2017|date=April 7, 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.yimbynews.com/2016/11/432-park-avenue-unveils-its-lighting-display.html|title=432 Park Avenue Unveils Its Lighting Display|last=|first=|date=|website=|publisher=www.yimbynews.com|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=November 17, 2016}}
16. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Rhodes|first1=Margaret|title=NYC's $1.3B Supertall Skyscraper Was Inspired by a Trash Can|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/06/nycs-1-3b-supertall-skyscraper-inspired-trash-can/|website=WIRED|accessdate=March 17, 2017}}
17. ^{{cite web|title=432 Park Avenue|url=http://www.cityrealty.com/nyc/midtown-east/432-park-avenue/review/54898|website=CityRealty}}
18. ^{{Cite news|url=https://mattpomroy.com/2015/12/03/the-rise-of-new-yorks-luxury-towers/|title=The rise of New York’s luxury towers|date=December 3, 2015|work=MATT POMROY|access-date=August 23, 2018|language=en-US}}
19. ^{{Cite web|url=http://ny.curbed.com/2015/5/29/9955802/buyer-outed-for-432-park-avenues-95-million-penthouse|title=Buyer Outed For 432 Park Avenue's $95 Million Penthouse|last=Rosenberg|first=Zoe|date=May 29, 2015|website=Curbed NY|access-date=November 15, 2016}}
20. ^{{Cite web|url=http://pursuitist.com/inside-432-park-avenue-the-95-million-new-york-city-apartment/|title=Inside 432 Park Avenue, The $95 Million New York City Apartment - Pursuitist|website=pursuitist.com|access-date=November 15, 2016}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/19/nyregion/boom-in-luxury-towers-is-warping-new-york-real-estate-market.html?hp&_r=0 |work=The New York Times |first=Charles V. |last=Bagli |title=Boom in Luxury Towers Is Warping New York Real Estate Market |date=May 18, 2013}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/aliciaadamczyk/2014/10/16/inside-new-yorks-95-million-penthouse-432-park-avenue/|title=Inside New York's $95 million Penthouse: 432 Park Avenue|work=Forbes Life|date=October 16, 2014|author=Alicia Adamczyk|accessdate=October 17, 2014}}
23. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970203658804576639543415136636|title=New York Placing Tallest Order|date=October 19, 2011|work=The Wall Street Journal|last=Karmin|first=Craig|accessdate=January 14, 2012}}
24. ^{{cite web|title=432 Park Avenue|url=http://432parkavenue.com/|website=432ParkAvenue|accessdate=January 29, 2016}}
25. ^{{cite web|title=432 Park Avenue Records Its First Blockbuster Closing at $18.1M|url=http://www.6sqft.com/432-park-avenue-records-its-first-blockbuster-closing-at-m/|website=6sqft|accessdate=January 29, 2016}}
26. ^{{cite web|last1=Alberts|first1=Hana|title=Watch 432 Park's Engineer Explain How The Tower Stays Up|url=http://ny.curbed.com/archives/2014/02/04/watch_432_parks_engineer_explain_how_the_tower_stays_up.php|website=Curbed NY|publisher=Vox Media|accessdate=January 29, 2016}}
27. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Stewart|first1=Aaron|title=In Detail> 432 Park Avenue|url=http://archpaper.com/news/articles.asp?id=7202#.Vq6SKzYrI6h|website=The Architect's Newspaper|accessdate=January 31, 2016}}
28. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/432-park-avenue-in-new-york-hoechster-luxus-wolkenkratzer-der-welt-a-1010675.html |author=Marc Pitzke |title=Mausoleum des Reichtums |publisher=Der Spiegel|language=German |date=December 1, 2015| accessdate=March 15, 2018}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=https://therealdeal.com/issues_articles/name-that-billionaire-heres-who-lives-at-432-park-avenue.html|title=Here’s who lives at 432 Park Avenue|publisher=The Real Deal|date=May 1, 2016|accessdate=August 1, 2018}}
30. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/14/nyregion/432-park-avenue-tower-the-tallest-if-not-the-fairest-of-them-all.html|title=432 Park Avenue Tower the tallest if not the fairest of them all|publisher=The New York Times|date=October 14, 2014|accessdate=June 3, 2016}}
31. ^{{cite web|last1=Brown|first1=Joshua|title=Meet the house that inequality built: 432 Park Avenue|url=http://fortune.com/2014/11/24/432-park-avenue-inequality-wealth/|website=Fortune: Real Estate|accessdate=March 17, 2017}}
32. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/03/22/nyregion/how-tim-gunn-of-project-runway-spends-his-sunday.html|title=Sunday Routine|last=Robinson|first=Kara Mayer|date=March 20, 2015|work=New York Times|access-date=February 2, 2018}}

External links

{{commons category|432 Park Avenue}}
  • {{Official website|http://www.432parkavenue.com}}
{{Supertall skyscrapers|current}}

7 : 2015 establishments in New York City|Residential buildings completed in 2015|Condominiums and housing cooperatives in Manhattan|Midtown Manhattan|Residential condominiums in New York City|Residential skyscrapers in Manhattan|Skyscrapers on West 57th Street
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