| 词条 | Octavian Goga |
| 释义 |
| name = Octavian Goga | nationality =Romanian | smallimage = | image = Octavian Goga - 2.jpg | caption = | order =Prime Minister of Romania | term_start =28 December 1937 | term_end =10 February 1938 | monarch =Carol II | vicepresident = | deputy = | predecessor =Gheorghe Tătărescu | successor =Miron Cristea | birth_date =1 April 1881 | birth_place =Rășinari, Austria-Hungary | death_date ={{D-da|7 May 1938|1 April 1881}} | death_place =Ciucea, Romania | constituency = | party =Romanian National Party People's Party National Agrarian Party National Christian Party | spouse =1906-1920: Hortensia (b. Cosma) (first wife); 1921-1938: Veturia (b. Mureșan) (second wife) | profession =poet, journalist | religion =Romanian Orthodox | signature =Goga signature.jpg | footnotes = |}} Octavian Goga ({{IPA-ro|oktaviˈan ˈɡoɡa}}; 1 April 1881 – 7 May 1938) was a Romanian politician, poet, playwright, journalist, and translator. Life and politics{{see|Kingdom of Romania under Fascism}}Goga was born in Rășinari, near Sibiu.[1] Goga was an active member in the Romanian nationalistic movement in Transylvania and of its leading group, the Romanian National Party (PNR) in Austro-Hungary. Before World War I, Goga was arrested by the Hungarian authorities. At various intervals before the union of Romania and Transylvania in 1918, Goga took refuge in Romania, becoming active in literary and political circles. Because of his political activity in Romania, the Hungarian state sentenced him to death in absentia. During World War I, he joined the Romanian Army and took part as a soldier in the Dobruja campaign. In the interwar period he left the PNR to join General Alexandru Averescu's People's Party (PP), a populist movement created upon the war's end. Goga clashed with Averescu over the latter's conflict with King Carol II. A founder of the minor PP splinter group naming itself the National Agrarian Party, he led it into an alliance with A. C. Cuza's National-Christian Defense League, forming the National Christian Party. Goga became Prime Minister of Romania and served from 28 December 1937 to 10 February 1938. He had been appointed by King Carol, in his attempt to increase his own power. Indeed, Carol wrote in his diary that he knew Goga was a human cipher, and hoped that once his government collapsed, it would free him to seize power for himself.[2] Very early in its tenure, Goga's government introduced a series of anti-Semitic laws.[3] Goga's government was the second antisemitic government in Europe, after that of Nazi Germany. On 22 January 1938 his government stripped 250,000 Romanian Jews of their citizenship, one third of the Romanian Jewish population.[4] Besides being an anti-Semite himself, Goga attempted to outflank the Iron Guard's popular support. In press interviews at the time he said the following: {{quote|The Jewish problem is an old one here, and it is a Rumanian tragedy. Briefly, we have far too many Jews.||TIME interview, 1938[5]}}{{quote|For us there is only one final solution of the Jewish problem—the collection of all Jews into a region that is still uninhabited, and the foundation there of a Jewish nation. And the further away the better.||1938 interview[6]}}The regime instituted by Goga and Cuza gave itself a paramilitary wing of Fascist character, the Lăncieri ("Lance-bearers"). They borrowed heavily from the Iron Guard, and started competing with it for public attention. Between 1935 and 1937, the Lăncieri carried out more terrorist actions and pogroms throughout Romania than the Iron Guard.[7] Because of its antisemitic measures, the Goga-Cuza government has been referred to as "more Nazi than the Germans".[8] After his resignation, Goga withdrew to his estate in Transylvania, where he suffered a stroke on 5 May 1938. He died two days later. WritingsPoetry
Plays
References1. ^{{cite book|last=MacGregor-Hastie|first=Roy|title=Anthology of contemporary Romanian poetry|date=1969|publisher=Owen|page=36|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KmYIAQAAIAAJ&q=%22a+family+which+traditionally+supplied+the+priest+for+the+village+of+Rasinari%22&dq=%22a+family+which+traditionally+supplied+the+priest+for+the+village+of+Rasinari%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=dSpuU8mWIovo7AbD1IG4Bw&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA}} 2. ^Haynes, Rebecca "Reluctant Allies? Iuliu Maniu and Corneliu Zelea Codreanu against King Carol II of Romania" pages 105-134 from The Slavonic and East European Review, Volume 85, Issue # 1, January 2007 page 121. 3. ^{{cite book|last=Quinlan|first=Paul D.|title=Clash over Romania: British and American policies toward Romania, 1938-1947|date=1977|publisher=American Romanian Academy of Arts and Sciences|page=29|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MJW3AAAAIAAJ&q=%22no+sooner+had+the+Goga+Government+taken+office%22&dq=%22no+sooner+had+the+Goga+Government+taken+office%22&hl=en&sa=X&ei=GiJuU9mnNMLd7Qa184HgDg&ved=0CDEQ6AEwAA}} 4. ^Itamar Levin, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2001, His Majesty's Enemies: Great Britain's War Against Holocaust Victims and Survivors, p. 46 5. ^{{cite journal|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,759035,00.html |title=Bloodsucker of the Villages|journal=TIME Magazine|date= 31 January 1938}} 6. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Argus|date= 24 January 1938|url= http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article11142768|title=Jews Spurned in Rumania|agency=Independent Cable Service|p=9}} 7. ^Ivan T. Berend, University of California Press, 2001, Decades of Crisis: Central and Eastern Europe Before World War II, p. 337 8. ^Rudolph Tessler, University of Missouri Press, 1999, Letter to My Children: From Romania to America Via Auschwitz, p. 31 External links{{Wikisourcelang|ro|Autor:Octavian Goga|Octavian Goga (original works in Romanian)}}
27 : 1881 births|1938 deaths|People from Sibiu County|Ethnic Romanian politicians in Transylvania|Members of the Romanian Orthodox Church|Austro-Hungarian emigrants to Romania|Romanian National Party politicians|People's Party (interwar Romania) politicians|National Agrarian Party (Romania) politicians|National Christian Party politicians|Prime Ministers of Romania|Romanian Ministers of Interior|Romanian Ministers of Culture|Romanian Ministers of Education|Leaders of political parties in Romania|Titular members of the Romanian Academy|Romanian fascists|Romanian Freemasons|Romanian journalists|Romanian male poets|Romanian translators|Male dramatists and playwrights|20th-century Romanian poets|20th-century Romanian dramatists and playwrights|20th-century Romanian male writers|20th-century translators|Fascist rulers |
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