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词条 5 Gyres
释义

  1. References

  2. External links

The 5 Gyres Institute is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization that focuses on reducing plastics pollution[1] by focusing on primary research. Programs concentrate on science, education and adventure (research expeditions for citizen-scientists). Since 2017, 5 Gyres has been in special consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council. The organization's 2015 Expedition was featured in the 2017 documentary "[https://www.thesmogofthesea.com/ Smog of the Sea]," produced by Jack Johnson, who participated in the voyage.

5 Gyres was founded by Anna Cummins and Marcus Eriksen. Eriksen and Cummins have been featured speakers at universities[2] and in news stories.[3][4][5][6] Anna Cummins has also been awarded the Golden Goody Award, during a meeting of the Los Angeles chapter of the USNC for UN WOMEN First Annual Special Assembly.[7] Before founding 5 Gyres, Cummins and Eriksen had worked at the Algalita Marine Research Foundation, with founder Charles J. Moore, who is currently a scientific advisor for 5 Gyres.[8]

As of 2016, the organization is helmed by Rachel Lincoln Sarnoff; she is the former Executive Director of Healthy Child Healthy World, which is now a program of the Environmental Working Group.

5 Gyres was one of two organizations that sent Expeditions to research the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.[9][10] 5 Gyres presented their results at the Aquarium of the Pacific[11] and were cited as a source for estimating the size of the gyres.[12] 5 Gyres explained their activities at a National Aquarium radio broadcast,[13] were featured at the Two Oceans Aquarium website,[14] and prepared tips on how to reduce plastic consumption.[15] 5 Gyres also worked with environmental artist Marina DeBris in using trashion to help raise awareness of ocean trash.[16]

5 Gyres was the first organization to research plastic pollution in all five main subtropical gyres[17] and first to determine how much plastic is on the surface of the world's oceans: Nearly 270,000 metric tons and 5.25 trillion pieces. They published this research as the Global Estimate of Plastic Pollution in 2014,[18] which will update again in 2018. Historically, the group has presented traveling exhibits,[19] including stops at universities[20] and educational discussions;[21] in 2016 their education presentations[22] reached 3,000 students through the "Every Kid in a Park" program.

In 2012, 5 Gyres was first to discover that plastic microbeads (commonly found in personal care products like toothpaste and exfoliating soaps) were polluting our waterways.[23] 5 Gyres used that study to help forge a coalition that convinced companies like Procter & Gamble, Johnson & Johnson and L’Oreal to phase out plastic microbeads. After only two years, the campaign scaled into a national movement, culminating in a watershed victory when President Obama signed the Microbead-Free Waters Act into law at the end of 2015.[24]

This win underscored 5 Gyres’ model of using science to drive solutions, and informed the organization's approach to raising awareness about polystyrene and Styrofoam plastic pollution through their 2017 {{Not a typo|#foamfree}} Action Campaign,[25] which:

  • Encourages a pledge to refuse single-use polystyrene and expanded polystyrene foam (better known as Styrofoam) products.
  • Connects visitors with local bans (or the resources to start one).
  • Gives them the ability to tweet, email or call their representatives for support.
  • Informs supporters about preemptive “ban on bans” developments.
  • Commissions the first-ever study to assess the toxicity of hard polystyrene plastic.

With more than 100 communities in California recently enacting polystyrene bans, and a statewide ban on the ballot for 2018, 5 Gyres sees polystyrene as a natural extension of the momentum that began with microbeads.

References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.5gyres.org/|title=Home|website=5Gyres.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-05}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.fredonia.edu/gogreen/earthweek/keynote.asp|title=The Perils of Plastic: Notes from the Oceans and the Great Lakes|publisher=SUNY Fredonia|work=Earth Week|accessdate={{date|3/8/2013}}}}
3. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sdnews.com/view/full_story/3019480/article-Activists-ride-road--waves-for-ocean-plight|title=Activists ride road, waves for ocean plight|last=Gray|first=Ronal|accessdate={{date|3/8/2013}}|newspaper=San Diego Community News}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.voanews.com/content/plastic-trash-in-oceans-enters-marine-food-chain---116260219/135118.html|title=Plastic Trash in Oceans Enters Marine Food Chain|date={{date|2011-2-14}}|accessdate={{date|3/8/2013}}|newspaper=Voice of America}}
5. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.miis.edu/about/newsroom/stories/node/20494|title=MIIS Alumna Discovers Second Ocean Garbage Patch Filled with Plastic Debris|date={{date|2010-04-16}}|accessdate={{date|3/8/2013}}|newspaper=news item from Monterey Institute of International Studies}}
6. ^{{cite news|url=http://abcnews.go.com/GMA/JustOneThing/video/trash-found-fish-garbage-food-9735987|title=Trash found in fish|date={{date|February 3, 2010}}|accessdate={{date|March 10, 2013}}|newspaper=ABC News}}
7. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.smmirror.com/articles/News/Golden-Goody-Award-Presented-To-Anna-Cummins-At-UN-Women-LA-Event/36386|title=Golden Goody Award Presented To Anna Cummins At UN Women LA Event|last=James|first=Mitch|date={{date|2012-12-25}}|accessdate={{date|3/8/2013}}|newspaper=Santa Monica Mirror}}
8. ^{{cite web|url=http://5gyres.org/who_we_are/advisors_and_staff/|title=5 Gyres, Advisors and Staff|publisher=5 Gyres|accessdate={{date|3/8/2013}}}}
9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cnn.com/2012/05/21/world/asia/algalita-eco-solutions|title=Research ship finds the world's oceans are 'plasticized'|last=Hoare|first=Rose|date={{date|2012-05-22}}|accessdate={{date|2013-2-14}}|newspaper=CNN}}
10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ens-newswire.com/ens/feb2010/2010-02-01-01.html|title=Investigators Analyze Plastic Soup in World's Five Oceanic Gyres|date={{date|2/1/2010}}|accessdate={{date|2013-2-19}}|newspaper=Environmental News Service}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aquariumofpacific.org/events/info/5_gyres_saving_our_synthetic_seas/|title=5 Gyres: Saving our Synthetic Seas|publisher=Aquarium of the Pacific|accessdate={{date|2013-2-19}}}}
12. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lisa-kaas-boyle/kyra-sedgwick-leads-a-glo_b_1390185.html|title=Kyra Sedgwick Leads Global Call to End Plastic Pollution at United Nations|last=Boyle|first=Lisa Kaas|date={{date|2012-03-31}}|accessdate={{date|2013-2-19}}|newspaper=Huffington Post}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aqua.org/care/a-blue-view|title=January 1, 2013: The Great Pacific Garbage Patch|publisher=National Aquarium|work=Blue View radio series|accessdate={{date|2013-2-14}}}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.aquarium.co.za/blog/entry/5_gyres_qa_thinking_about_solutions/|title=5 Gyres Q&A: Thinking about solutions|last=Marcus|first=Eriksen|publisher=Two Oceans Aquarium, Cape Town, South Africa|accessdate={{date|2013-2-19}}}}
15. ^{{cite news|url=https://news.yahoo.com/goody-awards-launches-green-plastic-free-holiday-campaign-003057489.html|title=Goody Awards Launches Green Plastic-Free Holiday Campaign with 5 Gyres|date={{date|12/2/2012}}|accessdate={{date|2013-2-19}}|newspaper=Yahoo News, summarizing a PRWeb story}}
16. ^{{cite web|url=http://5gyres.org/posts/2012/06/20/marina_debris_aka_garbage_girl_rocks_trash_couture_in_japan/|title=Marina Debris aka Garbage Girl rocks trash couture in Japan|last=Novak|first=Brennan|publisher=5 Gyres|accessdate={{date|3/8/2013}}}}
17. ^{{Cite journal|last=Eriksen|first=Marcus|last2=Maximenko|first2=Nikolai|last3=Thiel|first3=Martin|last4=Cummins|first4=Anna|last5=Lattin|first5=Gwen|last6=Wilson|first6=Stiv|last7=Hafner|first7=Jan|last8=Zellers|first8=Ann|last9=Rifman|first9=Samuel|date=2013-03-15|title=Plastic pollution in the South Pacific subtropical gyre|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0025326X12006224|journal=Marine Pollution Bulletin|volume=68|issue=1|pages=71–76|doi=10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.12.021|pmid=23324543}}
18. ^{{Cite journal|last=Eriksen|first=Marcus|last2=Lebreton|first2=Laurent C. M.|last3=Carson|first3=Henry S.|last4=Thiel|first4=Martin|last5=Moore|first5=Charles J.|last6=Borerro|first6=Jose C.|last7=Galgani|first7=Francois|last8=Ryan|first8=Peter G.|last9=Reisser|first9=Julia|date=2014-12-10|title=Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans: More than 5 Trillion Plastic Pieces Weighing over 250,000 Tons Afloat at Sea|journal=PLOS ONE|volume=9|issue=12|pages=e111913|doi=10.1371/journal.pone.0111913|issn=1932-6203|pmc=4262196|pmid=25494041}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.santa-monica.org/Content.aspx?id=16197|title=5 Gyres: Plastic Pollution in the World's Oceans at the Santa Monica Public Library|publisher=City of Santa Monica|accessdate={{date|2013-2-19}}}}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://uncw.edu/articles/2012/10/5-gyres-bike-tour-to-stop-at-uncw/|title=5 Gyres Bike Tour to Stop at UNCW|publisher=University of North Carolina, Wilmington|accessdate={{date|2013-2-14}}}}
21. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.charlestoncitypaper.com/charleston/the-5-gyres-team-travels-to-chucktown-to-discuss-the-great-pacific-garbage-patch/Content?oid=4231317|title=The 5 Gyres team travels to Chucktown to discuss the Great Pacific Garbage Patch|last=Lawrence|first=Stratton|accessdate={{date|2013-2-14}}|newspaper=Charleston City Paper}}
22. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.everykidinapark.gov/|title=Every Kid in a Park {{!}} Main|website=www.everykidinapark.gov|language=en|access-date=2017-07-05}}
23. ^{{Cite journal|last=Mason|first=Sherri A.|last2=Kammin|first2=Laura|last3=Eriksen|first3=Marcus|last4=Aleid|first4=Ghadah|last5=Wilson|first5=Stiv|last6=Box|first6=Carolyn|last7=Williamson|first7=Nick|last8=Riley|first8=Anjanette|date=2016-08-01|title=Pelagic plastic pollution within the surface waters of Lake Michigan, USA|url=http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133016300922|journal=Journal of Great Lakes Research|volume=42|issue=4|pages=753–759|doi=10.1016/j.jglr.2016.05.009}}
24. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/microbead-free-waters-act-president-obama-signs-new-law/|title=Environmentalists applaud new law banning microbeads|access-date=2017-07-05|language=en}}
25. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.5gyres.org/styrofoam/|title=Styrofoam|website=5Gyres.org|language=en-US|access-date=2017-07-05}}

External links

  • 5 Gyres

2 : Ocean pollution|Environmental organizations based in California
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