“Oelwein, Iowa”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The town of Oelwein was laid out in a corn field purchased from Gustav Oelwein on the coming of the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Minnesota Railroad (later called the Rock Island) in 1872. Some years later the two dividing streets of Oelwein were named after his sons, Frederick and Charles.

The town of Oelwein is named after the Oelwein family, but they were not the original settlers of the land. On the contrary, it was entered by a professional man at Dubuque, who made it his business to enter land, add a good fee for his trouble, plus a high rate of interest, and then not turn it over to the man in whose name it was registered until he was able to pay the price. Oelwein's present site was entered in 1852 by J. B. Burch. The hamlet of Oelwein was instituted in 1873, and was incorporated as a town in 1888, with Dr. Israel Pattison becoming its first mayor. The town suffered its chief setback in 1887, when nearly all of the old Main Street business district (now First Avenue SE) was destroyed by fire. In 1890 the census gave the population as 830.

By January 1892, Oelwein was chosen to become the center of the Chicago Great Western Railway; the CGW made the town the site of their locomotive and car repair shop. Clearing the land for the shops began in June 1894. The shops were completed and put into operation in May 1899. Thus, Oelwein became known as the "Shop City" and later the "Hub City" because of the rail lines coming into town and the repair shops located here.

By 1895 the population had increased to 1,928, and in 1897 Oelwein was incorporated as a city. In 1900, Oelwein had 5,142 people within the city limits, of whom 789 were foreign-born. Oelwein was one of few Iowa towns to experience an influx of Italian immigrants who were employed in the railroad industry. In 1910, the population was 6,028, and in 1940, 7,801.

In 1968, the town suffered another setback when a tornado swept through the main business district. 68 homes were destroyed, including some in F5 damage, 132 sustained major damage and 600 sustained less damage. Every business in the district suffered damage including 51 that were destroyed. Two churches, an elementary school, and the middle school were destroyed. Extensive damage was also done in nearby Maynard. Along the path, 5 people died (one in Oelwein), 156 were injured, and $21 million worth of ($18 million in Oelwein) damage was done, inflated to $130.4 million today.

Oelwein remained a "railroad town" until the early 1980s when most of the railroad tracks to the East, North and then West directions were abandoned. Transco Railway Products exists in Oelwein today. That business employs about 70 people repairing railroad cars. Transco employees donated their time to refurbish a Chicago Great Western EMD FP7 diesel locomotive that is displayed near the Hub City Heritage Museum, 26 2nd Avenue SW, the museum of railroad memorabilia.

Methland controversy

The 2009 book The Death and Life of an American Small Town by Nick Reding (Bloomsbury Press) documents the drug culture and how it ties into larger issues of rural flight and small town economic decline placed in the historic context of the drug trade. While Reding's book received positive reviews from the New York Times Sunday Book Review^[3] and Washington Post's Book World,^[4] it was severely criticised by local columnist Laura Behrens, who wrote, "it is so ridden with errors of basic reporting that the credibility of its larger premises is crippled", pointing out several factual errors.^[5]

Geography

Oelwein's latitude and longitude coordinates in decimal form are 42.676996, −91.915745.^[6]

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|4.86|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|4.81|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|0.05|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.^[7]

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census^[10] of 2010, there were 6,415 people, 2,763 households, and 1,678 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|1333.7|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 3,058 housing units at an average density of {{convert|635.8|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 96.1% White, 0.9% African American, 0.1% Native American, 0.6% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.6% from other races, and 1.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.9% of the population.

There were 2,763 households of which 27.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.3% were married couples living together, 11.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 39.3% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.85.

The median age in the city was 42.9 years. 23.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 7.6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 21.9% were from 25 to 44; 26.3% were from 45 to 64; and 21.2% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 47.6% male and 52.4% female.

2000 census

As of the census^[11] of 2000, there were 6,692 people, 2,808 households, and 1,819 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,395.8 people per square mile (539.4/km²). There were 3,040 housing units at an average density of 634.1 per square mile (245.0/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 97.19% White, 0.42% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.40% Asian, 0.06% Pacific Islander, 0.64% from other races, and 1.09% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.29% of the population.

There were 2,808 households out of which 28.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.0% were married couples living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35.2% were non-families. 31.1% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.31 and the average family size was 2.87.

Age spread: 24.4% under the age of 18, 7.4% from 18 to 24, 24.3% from 25 to 44, 21.2% from 45 to 64, and 22.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 86.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $27,347, and the median income for a family was $32,279. Males had a median income of $28,075 versus $19,479 for females. The per capita income for the city was $17,502. About 11.7% of families and 13.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.4% of those under age 18 and 13.7% of those age 65 or over.

Arts and culture

The Williams Center for the Performing Arts is a modern auditorium with seating for 800. Performers include frequent visits from regional and national performers as well as local talent.

Parks and recreation

Recreational opportunities include public parks, campgrounds, children's playgrounds, and picnic areas. Canoeing, boating and swimming are available at City Park. A paved hiking/biking trail is being extended to connect all parks in town. Tennis courts, a skateboard rink, and softball diamonds are at Wings Park. Two beautifully located 9-hole golf courses are available. A new ball field includes lighted fields for school games and will soon include soccer fields. In the winter, enjoy cross-country skiing, snowmobiling, and ice fishing.

Size: {{convert|2|acre|m2}}. Located at North Frederick and 2nd Street, originally two small parks referred to as "Twin Parks" or "Gazebo Park". Dedicated to Walter P. Chrysler, who once resided in Oelwein, the part to the east offers a gazebo with picnic facilities, water fountain, flower gardens, and a planting of Thunderchild Flowering Crabapple Trees, received through an Arbor Day Challenge Grant and Oelwein Trees Forever. The second part holds the Korean and Vietnam Veterans Memorials, donated by the Robert McNamara family in 1998.

Size: {{convert|1|acre|m2|adj=on}}. Located at 1st Avenue and 1st Street SW, this park is known as Orville Christophel Memorial or Log Cabin Park. Most people believe it was Gustav Oelwein who built the cabin in the Orville Christophel Park, but he was not involved with the cabin. J.B Burch built the cabin in 1852 which still stands at the park today. The park offers a historical monument from days of yore, picnic tables, benches, and parking for downtown shopping.

Size: {{convert|69|acre|m2}}. Located on South Frederick this park is frontage property to a {{convert|55|acre|m2|adj=on}} artificial lake named Lake Oelwein. Modern playground equipment was installed with the help of the Kids Playground Fund.

The park offers picnic shelters with tables, open play area, tennis court, sand volleyball, horseshoe courts, restroom facilities, modern and primitive camping, and a dump station. The lake offers "no wake" boating.

The campground overlooks Lake Oelwein and provides public boating access. Facilities include 30 modern RV sites, primitive campsites, private shower facilities, and dump station. For more information, call City Hall at 283-5440.

Size: {{convert|2|acre|m2}}. Located at 4th Avenue and 4½ Street SW, this park offers picnic tables, an open play field, and is bordered by a natural wooded environment. A bike/skateboard/walking trail accesses it on the west.

Size: {{convert|16|acre|m2}}. Located at 7th Street and 7th Avenue SE, this park offers {{convert|1.25|mi|km}} of footpaths, picnic shelters and tables, playground equipment, horseshoe court, restrooms, and a large playfield. This park is the home of a Gazebo and "Trail of Dreams" created by Oelwein Care Center. New playground equipment was installed with the help of the Kids Playground Fund.

Size: {{convert|24|acre|m2}}. Located on West Charles Street, this park offers a large wooded area, as well as picnic facilities, playground equipment, tennis court, horseshoe courts, restrooms and Bocce Ball courts. This park has new playground equipment installed by the Kids Playground Fund.

Size: {{convert|3|acre|m2}}. Located at 2nd Street and Hillside Drive SE, this park offers a basketball court, playground equipment, picnic facilities, new and improved tennis courts, and new playground equipment installed by the Kids Playground Fund.

Size: {{convert|24|acre|m2}}. Located at 4th Street and 5th Avenue NE, Wings Park is the home of the Oelwein Family Aquatics Center. The park offers picnic shelters and tables, tennis courts, 3 softball fields, basketball court, horseshoe courts, restrooms, and playground equipment installed with the help of the Kids Playground Fund.

Education

There are eight different schools located in Oelwein. Children from Oelwein, Hazleton, and Stanley attend school there. The schools are listed as follows:^[12]

In addition, Oelwein is also home to the Regional Academy for Math and Science (RAMS). RAMS is an educational facility that strengthens area high schools and serves college and adult learners through courses offered by Northeast Iowa Community College (NICC). RAMS provides a challenging curriculum for high school and college students and serves as a summer regional center for gifted and talented programs. RAMS also partners with the regent universities to offer summer coursework for teachers.^[13]

Other points of interest

Size: {{convert|32|acre|m2}}. Located on 20th Street SE, this park offers two soccer fields, two softball/baseball fields, and the home baseball field of the Oelwein Huskies. The complex is restricted in use, for league play only at this time. Modern restrooms, concessions stand, and drinking fountains are available.

Located at 411 4th Street NE, this facility offers a zero-depth entry pool, {{convert|150|ft|m|adj=on}} water slide, 6 racing lanes, 1 and 3 meter diving boards, sunning deck & grass areas, modern changing facilities, playground facility, concessions facility, and a 9-hole miniature golf course which is now demolished.

The Wellness Center is open 7 days a week. It features a variety of fitness and dance classes, circuit weight and cardiovascular equipment, a gymnasium and indoor track. Offerings also include Personal Training and Massage Therapy.

References

1. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.iowadatacenter.org/archive/2011/02/feb10|title= Data from the 2010 Census|publisher=State Data Center of Iowa|accessdate=April 15, 2011}}
2. ^Rand McNally. The Road Atlas '08. Chicago: Rand McNally, 2008, p. 39.
3. ^Walter Kirin, Wasted Land, New York Times Sunday Book Review, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/07/05/books/review/Kirn-t.html
4. ^David Liss, Heartbreak in the Heartland, The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/06/12/AR2009061201403.html
5. ^Laura Behrens, Holes in ‘Methland’ unforgivable. p. 4A, Cedar Rapids Gazette July 24, 2009
6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
7. ^¹{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110220065340/http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2011-02-20 |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-05-11 |df= }}
8. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2016.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=June 9, 2017}}
9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|publisher=Census.gov|accessdate=June 4, 2015|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}}
10. ^¹{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-05-11}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.oelwein.com/education.html|title=Oelwein Chamber and Area Development/Education|publisher=SIVA Interactive|accessdate= April 15, 2011}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.go2rams.org/ |title=Regional Academy for Math and Science |publisher=cstocker@mchsi.com |accessdate=April 15, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090711145402/http://go2rams.org/ |archivedate=July 11, 2009}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/personoftheyear/archive/stories/1928.html |title=Person of the Year 1928 – Walter P. Chrysler |work=Time |date=January 7, 1929 |accessdate=April 15, 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110127012618/http://www.time.com/time/subscriber/personoftheyear/archive/stories/1928.html |archivedate=January 27, 2011}}
15. ^{{cite news |last=Wolff |first=Craig |date=September 19, 1988 |title=Walter P. Chrysler Jr., a Collector Of Modern Art and Artifacts, 79 |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/09/19/obituaries/walter-p-chrysler-jr-a-collector-of-modern-art-and-artifacts-79.html |newspaper=New York Times |location=New York |access-date=21 April 2015}}
16. ^
17. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/26/us/26tyler.html |title=Kermit Tyler, Player of a Fateful, if Minor, Role in Pearl Harbor Attack, Dies at 96 |work=New York Times |date=February 25, 2010 |accessdate=July 16, 2012 |author=Goldstein, Richard}}

History

Methland controversy