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词条 Official script
释义

  1. List of official scripts

  2. Historical

  3. See also

  4. References

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An official script is a writing system that is specifically designated to be official in the constitutions or other applicable laws of countries, states, and other jurisdictions. Akin to an official language, an official script is much rarer. It is used primarily where an official language is in practice written with two or more scripts. As, in these languages, use of script often has cultural or political connotations, proclamation of an official script is sometimes criticised as having a goal of influencing culture or politics or both. Desired effects also may include easing education, communication and some other aspects of life.

List of official scripts

Below is a partial list of official scripts used in different countries. Those in italics are states that have limited international recognition.

  • Azerbaijan – Azeri Latin alphabet
  • Bangladesh – Bengali script
  • Brunei – Rumi script (Latin) and Jawi script
  • Ethiopia – Ge'ez script
  • Bosnia and Herzegovina:
    • Republika Srpska – Cyrillic
  • China, People's Republic of (mainland China) – Simplified Chinese[1]
    • Hong Kong SAR – Traditional Chinese, English (de facto)[2]
    • Macau SAR – Traditional Chinese (de facto)
    • Inner Mongolia region – Mongolian alphabet, Simplified Chinese
    • Tibet region – Tibetan alphabet, Simplified Chinese
    • Xinjiang region – Uyghur Ereb Yéziqi,[3] Simplified Chinese
    • Guangxi region – Zhuang Latin alphabet, Simplified Chinese
  • Croatia – Croatian alphabet[4]
  • Georgia – Georgian alphabet{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}
  • India – Devanagari
    • Hindi,[5] Marathi, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Bhojpuri, Bhili, Magahi, Kurukh, Dogri, Konkani – Devanagari
    • Gujarati – Gujarati alphabet
    • Kashmiri – Perso-Arabic script, Devanagari
    • Kannada – Kannada alphabet
    • Kutchi language – Gujarati alphabet
    • Punjabi – Gurmukhi
    • Malayalam – Malayalam alphabet
    • Bengali – Bengali alphabet
    • Oriya – Oriya alphabet
    • Assamese language – Assamese script
    • Maithili – Devanagari
    • Tamil – Tamil alphabet
    • Telugu – Telugu alphabet
    • Tulu language – Kannada alphabet
    • Konkani language – Devanagari, Kannada alphabet
    • Lepcha language – Lepcha script
    • Limbu language – Limbu script
    • Meitei language – Bengali alphabet, Meitei Mayek script
    • Urdu – Perso-Arabic script
  • Kazakhstan – Cyrillic{{Citation needed|date=August 2011}}
  • Korea (both) – Chosŏn'gŭl/Hangul (de facto)[6] and Hanja (traditional)[7]
  • Macedonia – Macedonian alphabet[8]
  • Malaysia – Rumi script (Latin), Jawi script is recognised.[9]
  • Moldova – Latin alphabet[10]
  • Mongolia – Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet and Mongolian script[11]
  • Montenegro – Cyrillic and Latin script[12]
  • Philippines – Filipino Latin alphabet (de facto), Baybayin (traditional)[13][14]
  • Russian Federation – Cyrillic (Russian alphabet)[15]
  • Serbia – Cyrillic (Serbian Cyrillic script)[16]
  • Taiwan[17] – Traditional Chinese
  • Turkey – Turkish Latin alphabet
  • Vietnam – Vietnamese Latin alphabet

Historical

  • In the USSR, numerous languages were Latinised during the 1920s–1930s. In the late 1930s the Latinisation campaign was canceled and all newly romanized languages were converted to Cyrillic.

See also

  • Official language
  • Spelling reform

References

1. ^National People's Congress of China, {{cite web |url=http://www.npc.gov.cn/wxzl/gongbao/2000-10/31/content_1481418.htm|title=The law of national all-purpose language and character in the People's Republic of China.}}
2. ^After the announcement of Simplified Chinese in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau didn't follow the change, making Traditional Chinese the de facto official script. (Hong Kong and Macau were still colonies at that time, and their current constitutions don't state whether Tradition Chinese or Simplified Chinese is to be used. Both places continued to use Traditional Chinese after handover.see List of languages written in Chinese characters and derivatives of Chinese characters )
3. ^Xinjiang Languages and characters, {{cite web|url=http://www.xjyw.gov.cn/ywmzyw?contentId=35621ccb44a346039c61d683d85684c2&navToId=1d09171991c04352a768543c5caf54f3|title=Uyghur Language and characters.}}{{dead link|date=April 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
4. ^Constitution of Croatia, Article 12: {{cite web |url=http://www.sabor.hr/Default.aspx?art=2407 |title=Basic Provisions |publisher=Croatian Parliament |accessdate=26 August 2011 |quote=The Croatian language and the Latin script shall be in official use in the Republic of Croatia.}}
5. ^{{Cite web| url = http://socialjustice.nic.in/olact1963.php| title = Official Language Act - Official Language: Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, Government of India| website = socialjustice.nic.in| access-date = 2016-02-25}}
6. ^{{cite book|last1=Alton|first1=David|last2=Chidley|first2=Rob|title=Building Bridges: Is There Hope for North Korea?|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTWqpOOXI_QC&pg=PA89|year=2013|publisher=Lion Books|location=Oxford|isbn=978-0-7459-5598-8|page=89}}
7. ^Article 14 of the Framework Act on Korean Language prefers hangul but also allows hanja in parentheses, in cases prescribed by South Korean Presidential Decree.
8. ^Constitution of Macedonia, Article 7: {{cite web |url=http://www.sobranie.mk/en/default-en.asp?ItemID=9F7452BF44EE814B8DB897C1858B71FF |title=Constitution of the Republic of Macedonia |publisher=Assembly of the Republic of Macedonia |accessdate=26 August 2011 |quote=The Macedonian language, written using its Cyrillic alphabet, is the official language in the Republic of Macedonia. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928183853/http://www.sobranie.mk/en/default-en.asp?ItemID=9F7452BF44EE814B8DB897C1858B71FF |archivedate=28 September 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
9. ^{{Cite web| url =http://world.moleg.go.kr/fl/download/6919/1LVXA00KM0Z8UMRW4CWO| archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20160303161054/http://world.moleg.go.kr/fl/download/6919/1LVXA00KM0Z8UMRW4CWO| dead-url =yes| archive-date =2016-03-03| title =National Language Acts 1963/67| last =| first =| date =| website =| publisher =| access-date =| quote =The script of the national language shall be the Rumi script: provided that this shall not prohibit the use of the Malay script, more commonly known as the Jawi script, of the national language.}}
10. ^Constitution of Moldova, Article 13: {{cite web |url=http://www.president.md/const.php?page=8100&lang=eng |title=Title I. General Principles |publisher=Official Website of the President of Moldavia |accessdate=26 August 2011 |quote=(1) The national language of the Republic of Moldova is Moldovan, and its writing is based on the Latin alphabet. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110829041339/http://www.president.md/const.php?page=8100&lang=eng |archivedate=29 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}
11. ^{{cite news|url=http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6478&Itemid=36 |title=Official Documents to be in Mongolian Script |publisher=UB Post |date=2011-06-21 |language=Chinese |accessdate=2010-07-11 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111101013639/http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=6478&Itemid=36 |archivedate=1 November 2011 }}
12. ^{{Cite web| url = http://www.vlada.me/biblioteka/1118659920.doc| title = Vlada Crne Gore| website = www.vlada.me| access-date = 2016-02-25}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://lingdy.aacore.jp/doc/endangered-scripts-issea/norman_de_los_santos_paper.pdf |format=PDF |title=SAVING ENDANGERED PHILIPPINE NATIVE SCRIPTS IN A MODERN DIGITAL WORLD THROUGH TYPOGRAPHY, TECHNOLOGY, AND STANDARDIZATION |author=Norman de los Santos |publisher=Lingdy.aacore.jp |accessdate=2015-10-30}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://baybayinbuhayin.blogspot.com/p/national-script-act.html |title=Baybayin Buhayin: National Script Act |publisher=Baybayinbuhayin.blogspot.com |date= |accessdate=2015-10-30}}
15. ^In Russian, the designation of Cyrillic as an official script (2001) has the consequence that the official languages of national Republics of Russia have to be written in the Cyrillic script in all official institutions and education. The passing of the law was met with particular resistance and criticism in the Republic of Tatarstan, as it replaced the Turkish Latin alphabet which the local government tried to promote in education after the dissolution of USSR.see List of languages in Russia
16. ^Constitution of Serbia, Article 10: {{cite web |url=http://www.srbija.gov.rs/cinjenice_o_srbiji/ustav.php?change_lang=en |title=I Constitution Principles |publisher=Government of Serbia |accessdate=26 August 2011 |quote=Serbian language and Cyrillic script shall be in official use in the Republic of Serbia.}}
17. ^Control by Republic of China
{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2011}}

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