| 词条 | Ogura Hyakunin Isshu |
| 释义 |
It was compiled by Fujiwara no Teika while he lived in the Ogura district of Kyoto, Japan.[1] CompilationOne of Teika's diaries, the Meigetsuki, says that his son, Fujiwara no Tameie, asked him to arrange one hundred poems for Tameie's father-in-law, Utsunomiya Yoritsuna, who was furnishing a residence near Mount Ogura;[2] hence the full name of "Ogura Hyakunin Isshu". In order to decorate screens of the residence, Fujiwara no Teika produced the calligraphy poem sheets.[3] Hishikawa Moronobu provided woodblock portraits for each of the poets included in the anthology.[4]In his own lifetime, Teika was better known for other work. For example, in 1200 (Shōji 2), Teika prepared another anthology of one hundred poems for ex-Emperor Go-Toba. This was called the Shōji Hyakushu.[5] Poets
PoemsPoem number 2[6]One of the poems attributed to Empress Jitō was selected by Fujiwara no Teika. The text is visually descriptive. From the Shinkokinshū, but the original poem was from the Man'yōshū. {{col-begin}}{{col-3}}TranslationThe spring has passed And the summer come again For the silk-white robes So they say, are spread to dry On the Mount of Heaven's perfume{{col-3}}Hyakunin Isshu, from the Shinkokinshū {{nihongo|春過ぎて|Haru sugite}} {{nihongo|夏来にけらし|Natsu ki ni kerashi}} {{nihongo|白妙の|Shirotae no}} {{nihongo|衣干すてふ|Koromo hosu chō}} {{nihongo|天の香具山|Ama no Kaguyama}}[6]{{col-3}} Original poem from the Man'yōshū {{nihongo|春過ぎて|Haru sugite}} {{nihongo|夏来るらし|Natsu kitaru rashi}} {{nihongo|白栲の|Shirotae no}} {{nihongo|衣乾したり|Koromo hoshi tari}} {{nihongo|天の香具山|Ama no Kaguyama}}{{col-end}}Poem number 26[7] A quite different poem is attributed to Sadaijin Fujiwara no Tadahira in the context of a very specific incident. After abdicating, former Emperor Uda visited Mount Ogura in Yamashiro Province. He was so greatly impressed by the beauty of autumn colours of the maples that he ordered Fujiwara no Tadahira to encourage Uda's son and heir, Emperor Daigo, to visit the same area. Prince Tenshin or {{nihongo|Prince Teishin|貞信公|Teishin Kō}} was Tadahira's posthumous name, and this is the name used in William Porter's translation of the poem which observes that "[t]he maples of Mount Ogura, If they could understand, Would keep their brilliant leaves, until [t]he Ruler of this land Pass with his Royal band."[8] The accompanying 18th century illustration shows a person of consequence riding an ox in a procession with attendants on foot. The group is passing through an area of maples.[9] Fujiwara no Teika chose this poem from the Shūi Wakashū for the Hyakunin Isshu. {{col-begin}}{{col-2}}If the maple leaves On Ogura mountain Could only have hearts, They would longingly await The emperor's pilgrimage.{{col-2}} {{nihongo|小倉山|Ogurayama}} {{nihongo|峰のもみぢ葉|Mine no momijiba}} {{nihongo|心あらば|Kokoro araba}} {{nihongo|今ひとたびの|Ima hitotabi no}} {{nihongo|行幸またなむ|Miyuki matanan}}[6]'*'{{col-end}} '*'By modern Romanization, "Miyuki matanamu"; pronounced matanan by use of historical kana orthography. English translationsThe Ogura Hyakunin Isshu has been translated into many languages and into English many times, beginning with Yone Noguchi's Hyaku Nin Isshu in English in 1907.[10] Other translations include:
Other Hyakunin Isshu anthologiesMany other anthologies compiled along the same criteria—one hundred poems by one hundred poets—include the words hyakunin isshu, notably the World War II-era {{nihongo|Aikoku Hyakunin Isshu|愛国百人一首}}, or One Hundred Patriotic Poems by One Hundred Poets. Also important is {{nihongo|Kyōka Hyakunin Isshu|狂歌百人一首}}, a series of parodies of the original Ogura collection. Card gameTeika's anthology is the basis for the card game of karuta, which has been popular since the Edo period.[11] Many forms of playing game with Hyakunin Isshu exist in Japan, such as Uta-garuta. Competitive karuta (Kyōgi karuta) is also played. Notes1. ^Mostow, Joshua. (1996). [https://books.google.com/books?id=U0KcAwrVksQC&pg=PA25&dq=Hyakunin+Isshu+ogura+villa&lr= Pictures of the Heart: The Hyakunin Isshu in Word and Image, p.25.] 2. ^Ogurayama: Latitude: 34° 53' 60 N, Longitude: 135° 46' 60 E; Kyoto Prefecture web site: northwest of Arashiyama Park {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722112301/http://www2.pref.kyoto.lg.jp/cgi-bin/en/namazu.cgi?key=ogura&max=30&format=long&whence=0&submit=Search |date=2011-07-22 }}. 3. ^Mostow, [https://books.google.com/books?id=U0KcAwrVksQC&pg=PA94&dq=Hyakunin+Isshu+ogura+villa&lr= p.94.] 4. ^{{cite web|title=100 Poems by 100 Poets|url=http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2929/|website=World Digital Library|date=1680|accessdate=7 June 2013|language=Japanese|author1=Hishikawa, Moronobu|author2=Fujiwara, Sadaie}} 5. ^Brower, Robert H. [https://www.jstor.org/stable/2384210 "Fujiwara Teika's Hundred-Poem Sequence of the 'Shoji Era'."] Monumenta Nipponica. Vol. 31, No. 3 (Autumn, 1976), pp. 223-249. 6. ^1 2 University of Virginia, Hyakunin Isshu on-line 7. ^Fujiwara no Sadaiie, Clay MacCauley. (1917). Ogura Hyakunin Isshu from Hyakunin-Isshu. Yokohama: Kelly and Walsh, Ltd. 8. ^Fujiwara no Tadahira. [https://books.google.com/books?id=1qVUaa3NtjgC&pg=PA26&dq=hyakunin+ogura&lr=&client=firefox-a#PPA26,M1 "Prince Teishin" (貞信公 Teishin Kō), A Hundred Verses from Old Japan, Being a Translation of the Hyakunin Isshu, p. 26.] 9. ^Fujiwara no Tadahira, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1qVUaa3NtjgC&pg=PA25-IA1&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=0_1#PPA25-IA1,M1 p. 25.] 10. ^Yone Noguchi, Hyaku Nin Isshu in English, Waseda Bungaku (1907){{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 11. ^Honan, William H. [https://www.nytimes.com/2000/03/06/books/why-millions-in-japan-read-all-about-poetry.html?scp=26&sq=Donald+Keene&st=nyt "Why Millions in Japan Read All About Poetry,"] New York Times. March 6, 2000. See also
References
Further reading
External links{{Commons|Hyakunin Isshu}}{{Wikisource|Ogura Hyakunin Isshu|Ogura Hyakunin Isshu}}
3 : Japanese literature|Japanese poetry anthologies|Articles containing Japanese poems |
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