| 词条 | Abu Muslim al-Turkmani |
| 释义 |
|name=Fadel Ahmed Abdullah al-Hiyali |birth_name=Fadel Ahmed Abdullah al-Hiyali |birth_date= |death_date= 18 August 2015 |birth_place= Tal Afar, Nineveh Province, Iraq[1] |death_place= Near Mosul, Iraq |placeofburial= |placeofburial_label= |image= File:ISIS Abu Muslim al-Turkmani.PNG |image_size= 200px |caption= |nickname= |allegiance= {{Flagdeco|Iraq|1991}} Baathist Iraq (until–2003) {{flagicon image|Flag of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant.svg}} Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant |branch= Special Republican Guard (until 2003) Military of ISIL (8 April 2013 – 18 August 2015) |rank= Lieutenant Colonel (up until 2003) Deputy Leader of Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant in Iraq (8 April 2013 – 18 August 2015) |battles={{plainlist|
}} }} Fadel Ahmed Abdullah al-Hiyali (died 18 August 2015), better known by his noms de guerre Abu Muslim al-Turkmani ({{lang-ar|أبو مسلم التركماني}}), Haji Mutazz, or Abu Mutaz al-Qurashi,[2] was the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) governor for territories held by the organization in Iraq. He was considered the ISIL second-in-command (along with his counterpart Abu Ali al-Anbari, who held a similar position in Syria); he played a political role of overseeing the local councils and a military role that includes directing operations against opponents of ISIL.[2] His names were also spelt Fadhil Ahmad al-Hayali, and Hajji Mutazz. BiographyAn ethnic Turkmen born in Tel Afar, Nineveh Province, al-Hiyali was an Iraqi Army Colonel under Saddam Hussein.[1][2][3] According to documents discovered in Iraq, al-Hiyali was a lieutenant colonel in the Iraqi military's intelligence unit Istikhbarat (Directorate of General Military Intelligence), who also spent time as a Special Forces officer in the Special Republican Guard right up until the US-led 2003 invasion of Iraq.[4][8] He also fought in the Gulf War[5] prior to his dismissal from the Iraqi Army after U.S. forces arrived, and later joined Sunni insurgents to fight the Americans.[2] He was later made the deputy leader of ISIL in Iraq on 8 April 2013.[5] Like other ISIL leaders, Abu Muslim Al Turkmani spent time in a US prison in Iraq, specifically Camp Bucca.[6][7] He once practiced a moderate form of Islam.[2] He oversaw ISIL-designated governors in various cities and regions of Iraq, including identified shadow governors in areas that ISIL did not control, but had aspirations over.[8] "I describe Baghdadi as a shepherd, and his deputies are the dogs who herd the sheep (ISIS members); the strength of the shepherd comes from his dogs." said Hisham al-Hashimi, a security analyst who had access to documents discovered which provided details on al-Hiyali.[4][8] In a June 2015, New York Times article, al-Turkmani was said to have been the head of ISIL’s military council. He reportedly led the council of six to nine military commanders who directed the terrorist group’s military strategy, according to Laith Alkhouri, a senior analyst at Flashpoint Global Partners.[9] There were erroneous reports of his death in airstrikes on 7 November 2014 and again in December 2014. This was believed to have been due to a case of mistaken identity and his death was not confirmed by ISIL.[19][20][10][11][9] Al-Turkmani was killed by a US drone strike while travelling in a vehicle near Mosul in Iraq on 18 August 2015.[12][13] His death was confirmed by ISIL official spokesman and senior leader Abu Mohammad al-Adnani in an audio recording posted on jihadist websites in October 2015.[14] He was succeeded as the ISIL leader in Iraq by Abu Fatima al-Jaheishi.[15] References1. ^1 {{cite web|title=Islamic State Senior Leadership: Who's Who |url=http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2014/11/profiling%20islamic%20state%20lister/en_whos_who.pdf |date=2014 |accessdate=8 October 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150205071639/http://www.brookings.edu/~/media/Research/Files/Reports/2014/11/profiling%20islamic%20state%20lister/en_whos_who.pdf |archivedate=2015-02-05 |df= }} {{Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Turkmani, Abu Muslim al-}}2. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|title = Brutal Efficiency: The Secret to Islamic State's Success |url =https://www.wsj.com/articles/the-secret-to-the-success-of-islamic-state-1409709762|work = Wall Street Journal|date = 3 September 2014 |accessdate = 3 October 2014}}{{subscription required}} 3. ^{{cite web| title =The Islamic State| url =http://soufangroup.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/TSG-The-Islamic-State-Nov14.pdf|website = Soufan Group| date = November 2014| accessdate = 23 April 2015}} 4. ^1 {{cite web|title = Inside the leadership of Islamic State: how the new 'caliphate' is run |url =https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/iraq/10956280/Inside-the-leadership-of-Islamic-State-how-the-new-caliphate-is-run.html|work = Telegraph.co.uk|date = 9 July 2014 |accessdate = 3 October 2014}} 5. ^1 {{cite book |last=Guidère |first=Mathieu |date=20 September 2017 |title=Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism |url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=NYYyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA455&lpg=PA455&dq=Abu+Muslim+al-Turkmani+born&source=bl&ots=2G2wN0kCQ0&sig=8b34Ctn20ir2myKyFv548DpP5tk&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjU4ZO0lZHYAhVCOY8KHYefC5s4ChDoATABegQICBAB#v=onepage&q&f=false |location= |publisher=Rowman & Littlefield |page=455 |isbn=978-1-5381-0670-9 |edition=2nd |author-link= }} 6. ^{{cite web|title = How America Helped ISIS |url =https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/02/opinion/how-america-helped-isis.html|work = New York Times|date = 1 October 2014 |accessdate = 3 October 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=Who runs the militant group Islamic State?|url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/10/04/uk-mideast-crisis-is-penpix-idUKKCN0HT04O20141004|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=8 October 2014}} 8. ^1 2 {{cite web |url= http://isisstudygroup.com/?p=716 |title=Organizational breakdown of Islamic State |date=2 July 2014 |publisher=Independent Strategy and Intelligence Study Group |accessdate=22 August 2015}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite web| title =A raid on ISIS yields a trove of intelligence |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/09/world/middleeast/us-raid-in-syria-uncovers-details-on-isis-leadership-and-finances.html |first=Eric |last=Schmitt |website =New York Times| date = 8 June 2015| accessdate = 10 June 2015}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-s-airstrikes-in-iraq-raise-questions-over-islamic-state-leader-1415540605 |title=Coalition airstrikes targeted Islamic State leaders near Mosul |first1=Matt |last1=Bradley |first2=Ghassan |last2=Adnan |first3=Felicia |last3=Schwartz |date=9 November 2014 |work=Wall Street Journal |accessdate=4 February 2015}} 11. ^{{cite news |title=Abu Muslim al-Turkmani: From Iraqi officer to slain ISIS deputy |url= http://english.alarabiya.net/en/perspective/profiles/2014/12/19/Abu-Muslim-al-Turkmani-From-Iraqi-officer-to-slain-ISIS-deputy.html |newspaper=Al Arabiya News |date=19 December 2014 |accessdate= }} 12. ^1 {{cite news |title=U.S.: ISIS No.2 killed in U.S. drone strike in Iraq |first= |last= |url= http://edition.cnn.com/2015/08/21/middleeast/isis-no2-believed-killed/index.html |newspaper=CNN |date=22 August 2015 |accessdate=22 August 2015}} 13. ^1 {{cite news |title=Islamic State 'deputy' killed in air strike, US says |url= https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-34022583 |newspaper=BBC News |date=21 August 2015 |accessdate=22 August 2015}} 14. ^{{cite news |title=Islamic State confirms death of second-in-command, Fadhil Ahmad al-Hayali, in US air strike |url= http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-14/islamic-state-confirms-killing-of-number-two-in-us-air-strike/6852176 |agency=AFP |newspaper=ABC |date=14 October 2015 |accessdate=14 October 2015}} 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aymennjawad.org/2016/01/an-account-of-abu-bakr-al-baghdadi-islamic-state |title=An Account of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi & Islamic State Succession Lines |last1=Al-Tamimi |first1=Aymenn |last2= |first2= |date=24 January 2016 |website=pundicity |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} 9 : Year of birth missing|2015 deaths|Iraqi Turkmen people|Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant members from Iraq|Iraqi Army officers|Prisoners and detainees of the United States military|Iraqi prisoners and detainees|Deaths by United States drone strikes in Iraq|Deaths by airstrike during the Iraqi Civil War |
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