| 词条 | Acanthopsyche atra |
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| image = Acanthopsyche atra male, Trawscoed, North Wales, May 2016 - Flickr - janetgraham84.jpg | image_caption = Male Trawscoed, North Wales | image2 = Acanthopsyche atra BE-MK-5932b.jpg | image2_caption = Female | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | classis = Insecta | ordo = Lepidoptera | familia = Psychidae | genus = Acanthopsyche | species = A. atra | binomial = Acanthopsyche atra | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1767)
}}Acanthopsyche atra, the dusky sweep, is a moth of the family Psychidae. The habitat consists of heath and moorland.[1] DescriptionThe wingspan is 16–22 mm for males. Females are apterous (i.e. wingless) and have rudimentary antennae and legs. Pairing takes place with the female still in the pupal case and she does not usually leave the pupal case. Her body is yellowish and the head and thoracic segments are dark brown. The eyes are reduced to black spots.[2] Adults emerge in May and June, males flying in the late afternoon and evening.[3]
Eggs are laid in the pupal skin in June or July and hatch within four to five weeks.[4]
The larvae feed on grass (Poaceae species), low growing plants, heather (Calluna vulgaris) and sallows (Salix species). They live in a silk case, 17 to 20 mm long which is covered longitudinally with grass stems and heather fragments{{#tag:ref| The larval case of Pachythelia villosella looks similar but bigger (30 to 35 mm) and the fragments are larger. |group=a}}. Larva feed from August to April, some are developed and pupate, while others continue to feed and overwinter for a second year before pupating. Numbers overwintering for a second year vary according to climate.[2][5]
1. ^Hants Moths 2. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Hättenschwiler |first1=P |editor1-last=Heath |editor1-first=John |editor2-last=Emmet |editor2-first=A Maitland |editor3-last=Fletcher |editor3-first=D S |editor4-last=Pelham-Clinton |editor4-first=E C |editor5-last=Skinner |editor5-first=Bernard |editor6-last=Tremewan |editor6-first=W G |editor1-link=John Heath (entomologist) |editor2-link=A. Maitland Emmet |editor4-link=Edward Pelham-Clinton, 10th Duke of Newcastle |title=Psychidae. In The Moths And Butterflies Of Great Britain And Ireland. Volume 2 |date=1985 |publisher=Harley Books |location=Colchester |isbn=0 946589 19 4 |pages=146-8}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Kimber |first1=Ian |title=11.016 BF191 Acanthopsyche atra (Linnaeus, 1767) |url=https://ukmoths.org.uk/species/acanthopsyche-atra/ |website=UKmoths |accessdate=25 November 2018}} 4. ^{{cite book |editor1-last=Emmet |editor1-first=A M |editor1-link=A. Maitland Emmet |title=A Field Guide To The Smaller British Lepidoptera |date=1988 |publisher=British Entomological and Natural History Society |location=London |isbn=0 9502891 6 7 |page=41 |edition=Second}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book |last1=Parsons |first1=Mark |editor1-last=Sterling |editor1-first=Phil |title=Field Guide to the Micro Moths of Great Britain and Ireland |date=2012 |publisher=British Wildlife Publishing |location=Milton on Stour, Dorset |isbn=978 0 9564902 1 6 |pages=67 & 70-1}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=Acanthopsyche atra (Linnaeus, 1767) |url=https://fauna-eu.org/cdm_dataportal/taxon/afb4cc89-1dcd-4c7a-80c0-4b4fc7e555c3 |website=Fauna Europeae |accessdate=25 November 2018}}
The case is fixed on a wall, rock or fence prior to pupation from April to early June and this is when it is most easily found.[3] EcologyUsually females lay their eggs in the pupal case. P L Jørgensen observed some females leaving their cases and dropping to the ground a few days after mating. The female, when free from its pupal case, looks and behaves like a fly maggot. Eleven were fed to a European robin (Erithacus rubecula) and its droppings collected over the next 24 hours. After two weeks, between thirty and forty larvae hatched, constructed cases and started to feed. The observation suggests that the eggs can survive unscathed inside a bird's gut, and is an example of species dispersal.[2][5] DistributionIt is found in most of Europe, except Portugal, most of the Balkan Peninsula, Ireland and Ukraine.[6] It is considered rare in Great Britain.[5] References{{Reflist}}External links
5 : Psychidae|Moths described in 1767|Moths of Europe|Moths of Turkey|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
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