请输入您要查询的百科知识：

　

词条 Adam Hodgson
释义

  1. Life

  2. Interests

  3. Works

  4. Family

  5. Notes

  6. External links

Adam Hodgson (1788–1862) was an English merchant in Liverpool, known also as a writer and abolitionist.[1]

Life

He was the son of Thomas Hodgson, a Liverpool merchant, and his wife Elizabeth Lightbody (1758–1795).[2][3] His father Thomas (1737–1817), from Caton, took part in the Atlantic slave trade, initially in Gambia as an agent for Miles Barber; then from his own fort on the Isle de Los off Sierra Leone, and by investment in slaving ships.[4] He then moved into cotton manufacturing, retiring from business in 1817 after losses.[5] Isaac Hodgson (1783–1847), merchant and banker, was Adam's elder brother, and he had four sisters (Elizabeth, Agnes, Mary and Anna).[6] His aunt Hannah Lightbody married Samuel Greg;[2] the couple established Quarry Bank Mill, a centre of innovation in the cloth business. Adam's cousins included Robert Hyde Greg MP, Samuel Greg Jr. and William Rathbone Greg{{sfn|Spinning the web-Places > The Rural scene > The Greg family}}{{sfn|Transcript of interpretive board at Quarry Bank Mill}}

Elizabeth Greg (1790–1882) married William Rathbone V, of the Liverpool mercantile family. She founded the first public wash-houses in the United Kingdom in the wake of the 1832 cholera epidemic, along with Kitty Wilkinson. Later she helped William Forster in formulating the 1870 Education Act.{{sfn|Transcript of interpretive board at Quarry Bank Mill}}

Hodgson was a partner in Rathbone, Hodgson & Co., founded by William Rathbone V and his brother Richard, from 1814.[1][7] He made a North American tour in 1819–21, sailing the Atlantic in the Courier to New York.[8][9]

After his return, Hodgson left Rathbone, Hodgson & Co., and went into business as a cotton broker, in 1824, forming Hodgson, Jones & Ryley with William Jones and James Ryley.[7] Jones and Hodgson were also partners in insurance broking, the partnership being dissolved in 1845.[10]

In 1824 Hodgson was on the founding committee of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company. Also on the committee was Lister Ellis, Liverpool merchant and plantation owner in British Guiana, and when Ellis died in 1829, Hodgson was one of his executors.[11][12] In January 1829 he advocated against renewal of the trading monopoly of the East India Company.[13] He was a founder in 1831 of the Bank of Liverpool, with George Holt, Isaac Cooke and others, and became its Managing Director.[14][15]

At Caton, Hodgson's residence was "Scarthwaite", on the River Lune.[16]

Interests

Hodgson was one of those who formed a local branch of the British and Foreign Bible Society, in 1810.[17] He was Treasurer of the Liverpool Bethel Union.[18] He mentioned in Letters from North America that he belonged to the Church of England, and he was Treasurer of a Liverpool branch of the Church Missionary Society; he was considered an evangelical.[19][20][21]

Isaac, Adam Hodgson's brother, was the secretary of the Liverpool Anti-Slavery Society, properly the Liverpool Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery. James Cropper (1773–1840) through business connections with the Rathbone and Benson families came to know the Hodgsons; all three belonged to the Society. He was a friend of Adam, and they collaborated, both writing abolitionist pamphlets advancing economic and ethical arguments.[5][22][23][24][25]

When John James Audubon visited Liverpool in 1826 with an introduction from Vincent Nolte, Hodgson arranged for him to meet Edward Stanley, a future Prime Minister with ornithological interests.[26] On 7 August that year Audubon wrote that the Rathbones, Roscoes and Hodgsons "have done more for me in every way than I can express."[27]

A scheme of Hodgson and James John Hornby, rector of Winwick,[28] to set up training for nurses in Liverpool, took place around 1829, and is documented in the correspondence and biography of Robert Southey. Southey corresponded with Hornby on "the plan of educating a better order of persons as nurses for the poor"; Hornby with Hodgson "hired a house, engaged a matron, received a number of inmates, and had educated and sent out some few as nurses." When it became clear that the nurses then went to work for the well-off, Hodgson and Hornby withdrew their support. Behind the idea lay the influence of Elizabeth Fry and Amelia Opie, who saw merit in diverting women's voluntary efforts from prison visiting to nursing.[29]

In 1837 Hodgson gave figures on inhabited cellars in Liverpool, at the British Association meeting, prompted by a report of the Manchester Statistical Society.[30] He gave a testimonial to Kitty Wilkinson (née Catherine Seward), from Caton, who provided a washing-place for Liverpool cellar-dwellers and passed into folklore (see Baths and wash houses in Britain).[31] In 1841 he was elected to the Royal Statistical Society.[32] The Liverpool branch of the Health of Towns Association was set up in 1845, and Hodgson became its chairman.[33]

Works

  • Letters from North America: Written During a Tour in the United States and Canada (1824).[34] These letters were first published in the Christian Observer in 1822–3.[35] Remarks during a Journey through North America in the Years 1819, 1820, and 1821 (New York, 1823) was a pirated edition.[36]

Hodgson's itinerary in North America, in 1819 to 1821, took him on a journey of 8000 miles through the USA and Canada, staying in homes. Letters to England were later collected into a book in two volumes.[37] This work has been seen, in the matter of indigenous populations, as a link between the thinking of Jedediah Morse in the USA, and the Aborigines Protection Society in the UK.[38] In terms of lifestyles, Hodgson claimed to have witnessed part of a stadial theory, that of Condorcet, in action. His travel from west to east struck him as a demonstration of the move towards commercial society.[39] He also commented on the coupled pace of land clearing and human settlement.[40]

Verdicts given by Hodgson were felt to have damaged the USA's reputation aboard. James Fenimore Cooper wrote his Notions of the Americans (1828) to counteract the impression given by Hodgson, and Basil Hall who had travelled in North America in 1827–8.[41][42]

  • А Letter to Jean Baptiste Say on the comparative expense of free and slave labour (1823)

Hodgson argued in the Letter that free labour is more productive than slave labour,[22] and took self-hire by slaves to be a step towards emancipation.[43] He quoted Adam Smith and others; in replying Jean-Baptiste Say stated he had shifted from the position Hodgson was attacking.[44] The Letter was reprinted in Freedom's Journal in 1827.[45] It was also mentioned by Charles Comte in volume IV of his Traité de législation, from the same year.[46]

  • A Letter to the Right Honorable Sir Robert Peel, bart., on the currency (1848)[47]

Parliament reviewed the Bank Charter Act of 1844, passed by Robert Peel's government, in the light of the Panic of 1847. Hodgson was taken to be a major figure of those who gave evidence to the 1848 secret committee on the matter.[48] Henry Booth and the merchant William Pickering, along with Hodgson, defended the 1844 act, and were attacked as a group by a critic, James Harvey.[49] On the other hand, Hodgson regarded the Panic as a narrow escape from disaster.[50]

Family

Hodgson in 1825 married Emily Catherine Champneys, daughter of Rev. Henry William Champneys. They had 13 children. The third child and second son, Adam Henry Hodgson (died 1906), graduated B.A. at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1848, and went into the church.[51][52][53]

Notes

1. ^1 {{cite book|author=Kevin J. Hayes|title=Jefferson in His Own Time: A Biographical Chronicle of His Life, Drawn from Recollections, Interviews, and Memoirs by Family, Friends, and Associates|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAyc0pVBHKcC&pg=PA88|date=1 September 2012|publisher=University of Iowa Press|isbn=978-1-60938-138-7|page=88}}
2. ^1 {{cite book|author=Sarah Lawrence|title=The Descendants of Philip Henry, M.A.: Incumbent of Worthenbury, in the County of Flint; who was Ejected Therefrom by the Act of Uniformity in 1662|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eyMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA40|year=1844|publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, and Company John Merridew, Leamington|page=40}}
3. ^David Sekers, (ed.) The Diary of Hannah Lightbody 1786–1790 (PDF) p. 142
4. ^David Sekers, (ed.) The Diary of Hannah Lightbody 1786–1790 (PDF) p. 8 note 28 and pp. 13–4
5. ^1 Brian Richard Howman, An Analysis of Slave Abolitionists in the North-West of England, 2006 (PDF), at p. 74
6. ^David Sekers, (ed.) The Diary of Hannah Lightbody 1786–1790 (PDF) p. 90 note 261 and p. 142
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.liverpool.ac.uk/library/sca/colldescs/rathbone/rathbus.htm|title=The University of Liverpool ~ Rathbone businesses|accessdate=12 February 2017}}
8. ^{{cite book|author=Adam Hodgson|title=Remarks During a Journey Through North America in the Years 1819, 1820, and 1821|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qxgTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA8|year=1823|publisher=Samuel Whiting|page=8}}
9. ^{{cite book|author=George Chandler|title=Four centuries of banking|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z58wAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA250|year=1964|publisher=B. T. Batsford|pages=250–}}
10. ^{{cite book|title=The London Gazette|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=fRhKAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA930|year=1845|publisher=T. Neuman|page=930}}
11. ^{{cite book|author=James Walker|title=Liverpool and Manchester railway. Report to the directors on the comparative merits of loco-motive & fixed engines, as a moving power|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5TcAAAAAQAAJ&pg=RA2-PA9|year=1829|page=9}}
12. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.ucl.ac.uk/lbs/person/view/586317848|title=Lister Ellis 1778–1829, Summary of Individual, Legacies of British Slave-ownership|accessdate=13 February 2017}}
13. ^{{cite book|author=James Silk Buckingham|title=The Oriental Herald and Journal of General Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZGpLAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA536|year=1829|publisher=J. M. Richardson|page=536}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/cottontradeofgre00elli#page/202/mode/1up|title=The Cotton Trade of Great Britain: including a history of the Liverpool cotton market and of the Liverpool Cotton Brokers' Association|last=Ellison|first=Thomas|year=1886|work=Internet Archive|publisher=Effingham Wilson|page=202|accessdate=12 February 2017|location=London}}
15. ^Christopher O'Brien, The origins and originators of early statistical societies: a comparison of Liverpool and Manchester, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (Statistics in Society) Vol. 174, No. 1 (January 2011), pp. 51-62 at p. 59. Published by: Wiley for the Royal Statistical Society. {{jstor|23013392}}
16. ^'Caston - Catterick', in A Topographical Dictionary of England, ed. Samuel Lewis (London, 1848), pp. 531-534. British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/topographical-dict/england/pp531-534 [accessed 13 February 2017].
17. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/britishbiblesoc03cantuoft#page/36/mode/1up|title=A history of the British and Foreign Bible Society|last=Canton|first=William|year=1904|work=Internet Archive|publisher=John Murray|pages=36|volume=III|accessdate=13 February 2017|location=London}}
18. ^{{cite book|author=Henry Smithers|title=Liverpool, its Commerce, Statistics, and Institutions; with a history of the cotton trade|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MRUHAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA257|year=1825|pages=257–8}}
19. ^{{cite book|author=Adam Hodgson|title=Letters from North America: Written During a Tour in the United States and Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-NeysqZXrzUC&pg=PA234|year=1824|publisher=Hurst, Robinson, & Co.|page=234}}
20. ^{{cite book|author=Church Missionary Society|title=Proceedings of the Church Missionary Society for Africa and the East|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hr8PAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA398-IA66|year=1819|publisher=Church Missionary House|page=398}}
21. ^David Sekers, (ed.) The Diary of Hannah Lightbody 1786–1790 (PDF) p. 90 note 263
22. ^1 {{cite book|author=David Turley|title=The Culture of English Antislavery, 1780–1860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BrmJAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA34|date=14 January 2004|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-134-97745-1|page=34}}
23. ^David B. Davis, James Cropper and the British Anti-Slavery Movement, 1821–1823, The Journal of Negro History Vol. 45, No. 4 (Oct., 1960), pp. 241–258 at p. 250. Published by: Association for the Study of African American Life and History. DOI: 10.2307/2716584 {{jstor|2716584}}
24. ^{{cite book|author1=Arthur Burns|author2=Joanna Innes|title=Rethinking the Age of Reform: Britain 1780-1850|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eTmVgdHczd0C&pg=PA198|date=13 November 2003|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-82394-4|page=198}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ampltd.co.uk/digital_guides/abolition_emancipation_part_2_3/publishers%20note.aspx|title=Abolition & Emancipation - Part 2 & 3, Slavery Collections from the Merseyside Maritime Museum, Liverpool|accessdate=13 February 2017}}
26. ^{{cite book|author=William Souder|title=Under a Wild Sky: John James Audubon and the Making of the Birds of America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ymc9BAAAQBAJ&pg=PA200|date=21 July 2014|publisher=Milkweed Editions|isbn=978-1-57131-923-4|page=200}}
27. ^Audubon and His Journals/The European Journals
28. ^{{acad|id=HNBY795JJ|name=Hornby, James John}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.lordbyron.org/monograph.php?doc=RoSouth.1849&select=VI.XXXII|title=Charles Cuthbert Southey: Life of Robert Southey, Chapter XXXII|accessdate=13 February 2017}}
30. ^{{cite book|author=British Association for the Advancement of Science|title=Report|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Me0vAAAAIAAJ&pg=RA1-PA143|year=1838|page=143}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.bathsandwashhouses.co.uk/archive/about/kitty-wilkinson/|title=Kitty Wilkinson, Baths and Wash Houses Historical Archive|accessdate=13 February 2017}}
32. ^{{cite book|title=Journal of the Royal Statistical Society|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=JAfxAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA77|year=1841|publisher=Statistical Society of London|page=77}}
33. ^{{cite web|url=https://archive.org/stream/b21930466#page/n4/mode/1up|title=The Liverpool Health of Towns' Advocate: published under the sanction of the Committee of the Liverpool Health of Towns' Association|date=1 September 1845|work=Internet Archive|accessdate=13 February 2017}}
34. ^{{cite book|author=Adam Hodgson|title=Letters from North America: Written During a Tour in the United States and Canada|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3mRHAQAAMAAJ|year=1824|publisher=Hurst, Robinson, & Company}}
35. ^{{cite book|author=John Riland|title=Memoirs of a West-India planter|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Z31LAAAAMAAJ&pg=PR18|year=1827|publisher=Hamilton, Adams|page=xviii note}}
36. ^{{cite book|author1=Allen Ahearn|author2=Patricia Ahearn|title=Collected Books: The Guide to Identification and Values|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oUMxWVOI_goC&pg=PA1954-IA94|date=19 September 2011|publisher=eBookIt.com|isbn=978-1-883060-14-5|page=1954}}
37. ^Cratis D. Williams and Martha H. Pipes, The Southern Mountaineer in Fact and Fiction: Part I, Appalachian Journal Vol. 3, No. 1 (Autumn 1975), pp. 8–61 at p. 46. Published by: Appalachian Journal and Appalachian State University {{jstor|40932076}}
38. ^William E. Unrau, An International Perspective on American Indian Policy: The South Australian Protector and Aborigines Protection Society, Pacific Historical Review Vol. 45, No. 4 (Nov., 1976), pp. 519–538. Published by: University of California Press. DOI: 10.2307/3638101 {{jstor|3638101}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/hns2/c21.html|title=The Agricultural West in Literature, Chapter 21, xroads.virginia.edu|accessdate=13 February 2017}}
40. ^{{cite book|author=Michael Williams|title=Americans and Their Forests: A Historical Geography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HupJE8k4SnUC&pg=PA125|date=26 June 1992|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-42837-8|page=125}}
41. ^{{cite book|author=John P. McWilliams|title=Political Justice in a Republic: James Fenimore Cooper's America|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9p9MUDF2m04C&pg=PA130|year=1972|publisher=University of California Press|isbn=978-0-520-02175-4|page=130 note 26}}
42. ^{{cite ODNB|id=11944|first=Roger|last=Morriss|title=Hall, Basil}}
43. ^{{cite book|author=Watson W. Jennison|title=Cultivating Race: The Expansion of Slavery in Georgia, 1750-1860|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ImNeFi-wt6IC&pg=PA379|date=18 January 2012|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=0-8131-4021-8|page=379}}
44. ^{{cite book|author=Jonathan A. Glickstein|title=American Exceptionalism, American Anxiety: Wages, Competition, and Degraded Labor in the Antebellum United States|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SzkVG1zO4T8C&pg=PA305|year=2002|publisher=University of Virginia Press|isbn=978-0-8139-2115-0|page=305}}
45. ^{{cite book|author=Jacqueline Bacon|title=Freedom's Journal: The First African-American Newspaper|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LcCg09qSN4sC&pg=PA228|date=January 2007|publisher=Lexington Books|isbn=978-0-7391-1894-8|page=228}}
46. ^{{cite book|author=Marcel Dorigny|title=The Abolitions of Slavery: From Léger Félicité Sonthonax to Victor Schoelcher, 1793, 1794, 1848|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cbNNFxiAMeAC&pg=PA142|year=2003|publisher=Berghahn Books|isbn=978-1-57181-432-6|page=142 note 10}}
47. ^{{cite book|author=Adam Hodgson|title=A letter to Sir Robert Peel on the Currency|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=V53RLpefvtYC|year=1848}}
48. ^{{cite book|title=The Bankers Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=CyU5AAAAMAAJ&pg=PA225|year=1849|publisher=Warren, Gorham & Lamont, Incorporated|page=225}}
49. ^{{cite book|author=James Harvey (Vice President of the Anti-Monopoly Association in Liverpool.)|title=Remunerative price the desideratum, not cheapness|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cpFdAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA15|year=1852|page=15}}
50. ^{{cite book|author=Richard A. Gaunt|title=Sir Robert Peel: The Life and Legacy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SFYBAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA172|date=2 July 2010|publisher=I.B. Tauris|isbn=978-0-85771-684-2|page=172}}
51. ^{{cite book|author=Sarah Lawrence|title=The Descendants of Philip Henry, M.A.: Incumbent of Worthenbury, in the County of Flint; who was Ejected Therefrom by the Act of Uniformity in 1662|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=eyMOAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA41|year=1844|publisher=Simpkin, Marshall, and Company John Merridew, Leamington|pages=41–2}}
52. ^{{cite book|title=The Gentleman's Magazine|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1GQ3AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA671|year=1845|publisher=A. Dodd and A. Smith|pages=671–2}}
53. ^{{acad|id=HG848AH|name=Hodgson, Adam Henry}}

External links

  • And The Children's Teeth are Set on Edge: Adam Hodgson and The Razing of Caton Chapel. An electronic book by Jonathan Huddleston
{{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hodgson, Adam}}

5 : 1788 births|1862 deaths|English merchants|English bankers|English travel writers
随便看

　

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。

　

Copyright © 2023 OENC.NET All Rights Reserved
京ICP备2021023879号 更新时间：2024/9/29 10:16:32