| 词条 | Olifants River (Limpopo) |
| 释义 |
| name = Olifants River | name_native = Lepelle or Obalule | name_native_lang = | name_other = Olifantsrivier, Rio dos Elefantes | name_etymology = Olifant means "elephant" in Afrikaans, Obalule, means "long, stretched-out one" and Lepelle means "slow-flowing" or "distant"[1] | image = KNP-Olifants_River-001.jpg | image_size = | image_caption = Olifants River as it flows through the Kruger National Park | map = | map_size = | map_caption = | pushpin_map = South Africa | pushpin_map_size = | pushpin_map_caption= Location of the Olifants-Limpopo confluence | subdivision_type1 = Country | subdivision_name1 = South Africa and Mozambique | subdivision_type2 = | subdivision_name2 = | subdivision_type3 = Provinces | subdivision_name3 = Mpumalanga, Limpopo and Gaza | subdivision_type4 = | subdivision_name4 = | subdivision_type5 = | subdivision_name5 = | length = | width_min = | width_avg = | width_max = | depth_min = | depth_avg = | depth_max = | discharge1_location= | discharge1_min = | discharge1_avg = | discharge1_max = | source1 = Near Bethal | source1_location = Mpumalanga, South Africa | source1_coordinates= {{coord|26|20|33|S|29|49|47|E|display=inline}} | source1_elevation = {{convert|1800|m|abbr=on}} | mouth = Limpopo River | mouth_location = Gaza Province, Mozambique | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|24|6|44|S|32|38|25|E|display=inline,title}} | mouth_elevation = | progression = | river_system = | basin_size = {{convert|54570|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = Letaba River | tributaries_right = Steelpoort River | custom_label = | custom_data = | extra = [2] }} The Olifants River, Lepelle[3] or Obalule[4] ({{lang-af|Olifantsrivier}}; {{lang-pt|Rio dos Elefantes}}) is a river in South Africa and Mozambique, a tributary of the Limpopo River. It falls into the Drainage Area B of the Drainage basins of South Africa. The historical area of the Pedi people, Sekhukhuneland, is located between the Olifants River and one of its largest tributaries, the Steelpoort River.[5] CourseThe Olifants River has its origin between Breyten and Bethal, Mpumalanga Province.[6] It flows north towards Limpopo Province through Witbank Dam and then the Loskop Dam and is forced east by the Transvaal Drakensberg, cutting through at the Abel Erasmus Pass and then flowing east further across the Lowveld to join with the Letaba River. It crosses into Gaza Province, Mozambique, after cutting through the Lebombo Mountains by way of the Olifants Gorge, becoming the Rio dos Elefantes, and finally joining the Limpopo River after 40 km before it enters the Indian Ocean at Xai-Xai north of Maputo.[7] Overgrazing in sections of its middle course result in the river carrying away eroded soil after heavy rains.[8] The Olifants river has become one of the most heavily polluted rivers in South Africa, not by human or industrial waste, but by thriving green algae.[9]TributariesThe Olifants River's largest tributaries are the Letaba River[10] and the Steelpoort River known as Tubatse River.[11] Other tributaries are the Tongwane, Blyde, Moses, Spekboom, Timbavati, Nkumpi, Ga-Selati, Klaserie, Makhutswi, Mohlapitse River, Lepellane River, Mohwetse River and Ngwaritsi River. Some tributaries, notably the Klein Olifants River (origin near Hendrina, joins the Olifants River downstream of the Middelburg Dam), the Elands, Wilge and the Bronkhorstspruit, rise in the Highveld grasslands.[12] The Shingwedzi River flows close to the northeastern side of the Massingir Dam reservoir and joins the left bank of the Olifants about 12 km downstream from the dam wall.[13] DamsThirty large dams in the Olifants River Catchment include the following: South Africa
Mozambique
See also
References1. ^Transvaal Indigenous Place Names {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|title=State of Rivers Report - The Olifants River System|publisher=Council for Scientific and Industrial Research|accessdate=2009-02-19|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html|archivedate=2007-07-03|df=}} 3. ^Olifants River now called Lepelle 4. ^Transvaal Indigenous Place Names {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081031094929/http://www.emagameni.co.za/Transvaal%20Indigenous%20Place%20Names.pdf |date=2008-10-31 }} 5. ^The Ba Pedi 6. ^Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin 7. ^Key rivers of South Africa {{webarchive|url=https://archive.is/20120710162812/http://myfundi.co.za/e/Key_rivers_of_South_Africa |date=2012-07-10 }} 8. ^The Olifants River System {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070703100205/http://www.csir.co.za/rhp/state_of_rivers/state_of_crocsabieolif_01/olif_eco.html |date=2007-07-03 }} 9. ^Contaminated Olifants River Running Out of Time 10. ^Luvuvu Lethaba WMA 2 11. ^Major rivers and streams within the Limpopo River Basin 12. ^Olifants river WMA 4 13. ^Shingwedzi River: why is it the most polluted river in the KNP? 14. ^Massingir Dam & Flooding of Olifants Gorge External links{{commons category|Olifants River (Mpumalanga)}}
5 : Olifants River (Limpopo)|Rivers of South Africa|Rivers of Mpumalanga|Rivers of Limpopo|Tributaries of the Limpopo River |
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