| 词条 | Olive bee-eater |
| 释义 |
| image = Madagascar bee eater.jpg | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Chordata | classis = Aves | ordo = Coraciiformes | familia = Meropidae | genus = Merops | species = M. superciliosus | binomial = Merops superciliosus | binomial_authority = Linnaeus, 1766 }} The olive bee-eater or Madagascar bee-eater (Merops superciliosus) is a near passerine bee-eater species in the genus Merops. It is native to the southern half of Africa where it is present in Angola; Botswana; Burundi; Comoros; Democratic Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Kenya; Madagascar; Malawi; Mayotte; Mozambique; Namibia; Rwanda; Somalia; South Sudan; Sudan; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; Zimbabwe. It is a common species with a wide range so the International Union for Conservation of Nature has rated their conservation status as "least concern".[1] TaxonomyIn 1760 the French zoologist Mathurin Jacques Brisson included a description of the olive bee-eater in his Ornithologie based on a specimen collected on the island of Madagascar. He used the French name Le guespier de Madagascar and the Latin Apiaster Madagascariensis.[2] Although Brisson coined Latin names, these do not conform to the binomial system and are not recognised by the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature.[3] When in 1766 the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus updated his Systema Naturae for the twelfth edition, he added 240 species that had been previously described by Brisson.[3] One of these was the olive bee-eater. Linnaeus included a brief description, coined the current binomial name Merops superciliosus and cited Brisson's work.[4] The specific name superciliosus is Latin for "supercilious", "haughty" or "eye-browed".[5] Two subspecies are recognised:[6]
DescriptionThe olive bee-eater grows to a length of {{convert|23|to|26|cm|in|1|abbr=on}} with its tail streamers adding up to {{convert|7|cm|in|1|abbr=on}}. The sexes are similar, and adults have bronzy-green plumage with an olive cap and white forehead, eyebrows, chin and cheeks. The rump and tail are blue, apart from the streamers, which are black.[7] DistributionThe olive bee-eater is found in the grassland and coastal mountain forests of East Africa and Madagascar, and an isolated population can be found in coastal Angola.[8] There are two subspecies; M. s. superciliosus occurs in eastern Ethiopia, Somalia and Kenya, and southwards through East Africa to southern Mozambique and the Zambezi Valley, as well as the Comoro Islands and Madagascar; M. s. alternans occurs in western Angola and northwestern Namibia.[9] EcologyThey are partially migratory, and usually breed only in the southern portion of their range, moving north for the dry season in southern Africa. It lays four eggs in a burrow nest at the beginning of the southern African wet season, and the chicks usually hatch at the beginning of December.[10] Unlike most bee-eaters, the species does not practice cooperative breeding and post-fledging dependence is only around 19 days, which is typical of temperate zone passerines and about half that of most Meropidae species.[11] GalleryReferences1. ^1 {{IUCN|id=22683744 |title=Merops superciliosus |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2013.2 |year=2012 |accessdate=26 November 2013}} 2. ^{{ cite book | last=Brisson | first=Mathurin Jacques | author-link=Mathurin Jacques Brisson | year=1760 | title=Ornithologie, ou, Méthode contenant la division des oiseaux en ordres, sections, genres, especes & leurs variétés | volume=Volume 4 | language=French, Latin | place=Paris | publisher=Jean-Baptiste Bauche | pages=545-549, Plate 42 fig 1 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36195756 }} The two stars (**) at the start of the section indicates that Brisson based his description on the examination of a specimen. 3. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Allen | first=J.A. | author-link=Joel Asaph Allen | year=1910 | title=Collation of Brisson's genera of birds with those of Linnaeus |journal=Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History |volume=28 | pages=317–335 | url=http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/dspace/handle/2246/678}} 4. ^{{cite book | last=Linnaeus | first=Carl | authorlink=Carl Linnaeus | year=1766 | title=Systema naturae : per regna tria natura, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis | edition=12th | volume=Volume 1, Part 1 | publisher=Laurentii Salvii | place=Holmiae (Stockholm) | language=Latin | page=183 | url=https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/42946379 }} 5. ^{{cite web | last=Jobling | first=J.A. | year=2018 | title= Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology | editor1-last=del Hoyo | editor1-first=J. | editor2-last=Elliott | editor2-first=A. | editor3-last=Sargatal | editor3-first=J. | editor4-last=Christie | editor4-first=D.A. | editor5-last=de Juana | editor5-first=E. | work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive | publisher=Lynx Edicions | url=https://www.hbw.com/dictionary/definition/superciliosa-superciliosum-superciliosus | accessdate=6 July 2018 }} 6. ^{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | year=2018 | title=Todies, motmots, bee-eaters, hoopoes, wood hoopoes, hornbills | work=World Bird List Version 8.2 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/todies/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | accessdate=6 July 2018 }} 7. ^{{cite book|author1=Fry, C. Hilary|author2=Fry, Kathie |title=Kingfishers, Bee-eaters and Rollers |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=U_XUBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA273 |year=2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing |isbn=978-1-4081-3525-9 |pages=273}} 8. ^{{cite web| url=http://maps.iucnredlist.org/map.html?id=106001178 |title=Range map |publisher=IUCN |accessdate=16 October 2016}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hbw.com/node/55845 |title=Olive Bee-eater (Merops superciliosus) |author=Fry, H. |author2=Boesman, P.|year=2016 |work=Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive |publisher=Lynx Edicions, Barcelona |accessdate=16 October 2016}} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.biodiversityexplorer.org/birds/meropidae/merops_superciliosus.htm |title=Madagascar Bee-eater, Olive Bee-eater |work=Biodiversity Explorer |publisher=Iziko |accessdate=16 October 2016}} 11. ^{{cite journal |author=Langen, Tom A. |year=2000 |title=Prolonged offspring dependence and cooperative breeding in birds |journal= Behavioral Ecology |volume=11 |issue=4 |pages=367–377 |doi=10.1093/beheco/11.4.367 |url=http://beheco.oxfordjournals.org/content/11/4/367.full.pdf+html }} External links
3 : Meropidae|Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa|Birds described in 1766 |
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