| 词条 | Oliver Stanley |
| 释义 |
| honorific-prefix = The Right Honourable | name = Oliver Stanley | honorific-suffix = {{postnominals|country=GBR|size=100%|MC|MP}} | image = Oliver Stanley 1941.jpg | parliament = British | constituency_MP = Bristol West | term_start = 6 July 1945 | term_end = 10 December 1950 | predecessor = Cyril Culverwell | successor = Sir Walter Monckton | office1 = Secretary of State for the Colonies | monarch1 = George VI | primeminister1 = Winston Churchill | term_start1 = 22 November 1942 | term_end1 = 26 July 1945 | predecessor1 = Viscount Cranborne | successor1 = George Hall | office2 = Secretary of State for War | monarch2 = George VI | primeminister2 = Neville Chamberlain | term_start2 = 5 January 1940 | term_end2 = 11 May 1940 | predecessor2 = Leslie Hore-Belisha | successor2 = Anthony Eden | office3 = President of the Board of Trade | monarch3 = George VI | primeminister3 = Neville Chamberlain | term_start3 = 28 May 1937 | term_end3 = 5 January 1940 | predecessor3 = Walter Runciman | successor3 = Sir Andrew Duncan | office4 = Secretary of State for Transport | monarch4 = George V | primeminister4 = Ramsay MacDonald | term_start4 = 22 February 1933 | term_end4 = 29 June 1934 | predecessor4 = John Pybus | successor4 = Leslie Hore-Belisha | parliament5 = British | constituency_MP5 = Westmorland | term_start5 = 30 October 1924 | term_end5 = 5 July 1945 | predecessor5 = Sir John Weston | successor5 = William Fletcher-Vane | birth_date = {{birth date|1896|5|4|df=y}} | birth_place = London, England, UK | death_date = {{death date and age|1950|12|10|1896|5|4|df=y}} | death_place = Sulhamstead, Berkshire, England, UK | nationality = British | party = Conservative | education = Eton College | profession = Barrister | spouse = {{marriage|Maureen Vane-Tempest-Stewart|1920|1942|end=her d.}} | children = Michael Stanley Kathryn Dugdale, Lady Dugdale }} Oliver Frederick George Stanley, {{postnominals|country=GBR|MC|size=100}} (4 May 1896 – 10 December 1950) was a prominent British Conservative politician who held many ministerial posts before his relatively early death. Background and educationStanley was the second son of Edward Stanley, 17th Earl of Derby, by his wife Lady Alice, daughter of William Montagu, 7th Duke of Manchester. Edward Stanley, Lord Stanley was his elder brother. He was educated at Eton, but did not proceed to the University of Oxford due to the outbreak of World War I.[1] Military careerDuring the First World War, Stanley was commissioned into the Lancashire Hussars, before transferring to the Royal Field Artillery in 1915. He achieved the rank of captain, and won both the Military Cross and the Croix de Guerre.[1] Political careerAfter he was demobilized, Stanley was called to the bar by Gray's Inn in 1919.[1] In the 1924 general election he was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for Westmorland. From 1945 he sat for Bristol West. Ministerial careerHe soon came to the attention of the Conservative leaders and held a number of posts in the National Government of the 1930s. As Minister of Transport he was responsible for the introduction of a 30 miles per hour speed limit and driving tests for new drivers. In May 1938 whilst President of the Board of Trade he achieved a rare distinction in British politics when his brother Lord Stanley became Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs – a rare example of two brothers sitting in the same Cabinet, more so as their father, a former Conservative minister, was still alive. Nevertheless, five months later Edward died. (Another example is that of two Labour Party brothers, David Miliband and his brother Ed Miliband, who were appointed to the British Cabinet in June 2007.) In January 1940 Stanley was appointed Secretary of State for War after the previous incumbent, Leslie Hore-Belisha, had been sacked after falling out with the leading officers. Much was expected of Stanley's tenure in this office, as his father had held it during the First World War, but four months later the government fell and Stanley was replaced by Anthony Eden. Churchill offered Stanley the Dominions Office, which Stanley turned down.[1] Instead, Churchill made Stanley a personal link with intelligence agencies, notably as founder of the London Controlling Section. Two years later Stanley's political fortunes revived when Churchill appointed him Secretary of State for the Colonies, a post which he held until the end of the war. Last yearsAfter the Conservatives' massive defeat in the 1945 general election Stanley was prominent amongst those rebuilding the party and he came to be regarded as one of the most important Conservative MPs. He was a governor of The Peckham Experiment in 1949.[2] He succeeded his father as Chancellor of the University of Liverpool. By this time, however, his health was in decline; and he died on 10 December 1950 at his home in Sulhamstead.[1] Had Stanley lived longer, he might well have been appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer when the Conservatives formed a government the following year.[3] Historian Sir Charles Petrie went further, and insisted in his 1972 memoirs (A Historian Looks At His World) that "the greatest blow the Conservative Party has sustained since the late war was the premature death of Oliver Stanley. He was one of the most gifted men of the century, and would have made a very great Prime Minister. ... He was as brilliant a conversationalist as a public speaker."[4] Family{{unreferenced section|date=March 2016}}Stanley married Lady Maureen, daughter of Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 7th Marquess of Londonderry and the Hon. Edith Chaplin, in 1920. They had one son and one daughter: (i) Michael Charles Stanley (1921–1990), who married (Aileen) Fortune Constance Hugh Smith and had two sons; and (ii) Kathryn Edith Helen Stanley DCVO (1923–2004), Lady-in-Waiting to Queen Elizabeth II from 1955 to 2002 and who married Sir John Dugdale KCVO (1923–1994) and had two daughters and two sons. Lady Maureen died in June 1942, aged 41. Stanley survived her by eight years and died in December 1950, aged 54. References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite ODNB|id = 36249|title = Stanley, Oliver Frederick George (1896–1950)|first = Andrew|last = Whitfield}} 2. ^{{cite journal|title=The Bulletin of the Pioneer Health Centre|journal=Peckham|date=September 1949|volume=1|issue=5|url=http://www.sochealth.co.uk/1949/09/21/peckham/|accessdate=21 October 2016}} 3. ^Howard 1987, p. 178-9 4. ^{{Cite book|title = A Historian Looks at His World|last = Petrie|first = Sir Charles|publisher = Sidgwick & Jackson|year = 1972|isbn = 978-0283978500|location = London|pages = 193}} Books cited
External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Westmorland | years = 1924–1945 | before = John Weston | after = William Fletcher-Vane }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Bristol West | years = 1945–1950 | before = Cyril Culverwell | after = Walter Monckton }}{{s-off}}{{succession box | before=John Pybus | title=Minister of Transport | years=1933–1934 | after=Leslie Hore-Belisha}}{{succession box | before=Henry Betterton | title=Minister of Labour | years=1934–1935 | after=Ernest Brown}}{{succession box | before=Walter Runciman | title=President of the Board of Trade | years=1937–1940 | after=Andrew Duncan}}{{succession box | before=The Viscount Halifax | title=President of the Board of Education | years=1935–1937 | after=The Earl Stanhope}}{{succession box | before=Leslie Hore-Belisha | title=Secretary of State for War | years=1940 | after=Anthony Eden}}{{succession box | before=Viscount Cranborne | title=Secretary of State for the Colonies | years=1942–1945 | after=George Hall}}{{s-end}}{{Presidents of the Board of Trade}}{{Churchill Caretaker Ministry}}{{Shadow Chancellors of the Exchequer}}{{Chamberlain War Ministry}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Stanley, Oliver Frederick}} 25 : 1896 births|1950 deaths|People educated at Eton College|Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|British Army personnel of World War I|British Secretaries of State for Education|Lancashire Hussars officers|Royal Artillery officers|Secretaries of State for War (UK)|Secretaries of State for the Colonies|Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom|Recipients of the Military Cross|UK MPs 1924–29|UK MPs 1929–31|UK MPs 1931–35|UK MPs 1935–45|UK MPs 1945–50|UK MPs 1950–51|Younger sons of earls|Stanley family|War Office personnel in World War II|Foreign Office personnel of World War II|Royal Field Artillery officers|Secretaries of State for Transport (UK)|Presidents of the Board of Trade |
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