“Olympic Hymn”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The Olympic Hymn ({{lang-el|Ολυμπιακός Ύμνος}}, Olympiakós Ýmnos), also known informally as the Olympic Anthem, is a choral cantata by opera composer Spyridon Samaras (1861-1917), with lyrics by Greek poet Kostis Palamas. Both poet and composer were the choice of the Greek Demetrius Vikelas, who was the first President of the International Olympic Committee.

History

The anthem was performed for the first time for the ceremony of opening of the first edition at the 1896 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece. In the following years, every hosting nation commissioned to various musicians the composition of a specific Olympic hymn for their own edition of the games.

The anthem by Samaras and Palamas was declared the official Olympic Anthem by the International Olympic Committee in 1958 at the 54th Session of the IOC in Tokyo, Japan. Since 1960, it has been played at each Olympic Games: during the opening ceremony when the Olympic flag is hoisted, and during the closing ceremony when the Olympic flag is lowered.^[1]

Lyrics

Original Greek

Transliterated into Latin alphabet

Αρχαίο Πνεύμα αθάνατο, αγνέ πατέρα

του ωραίου, του μεγάλου και του αληθινού,

Κατέβα, φανερώσου κι άστραψε εδώ πέρα

στη δόξα της δικής σου γης και τ' ουρανού.

Στο δρόμο και στο πάλεμα και στο λιθάρι

Στων ευγενών αγώνων λάμψε την ορμή

Και με το αμάραντο στεφάνωσε κλωνάρι

και σιδερένιο πλάσε και άξιο το κορμί. (δις)

Κάμποι, βουνά και θάλασσες φέγγουνε μαζί σου

σαν ένας λευκοπόρφυρος μέγας ναός.

Και τρέχει στο ναό εδώ προσκυνητής σου (δις)

Αρχαίο Πνεύμα αθάνατο, κάθε λαός. (δις)

Arkhéo Pnévma athánato, aghné patéra

tou oréou, tou meghálou ke tou alithinoú

Katéva, fanerósou ki ástrapse edhó péra

sti dhóksa tis dhikís sou ghis ke t'ouranoú.

Sto dhrómo ke sto pálema ke sto lithári

Ston evghenón aghónon lámpse tin ormí.

Ke me to amáranto stefánose klonári

ke sidherénio pláse ke áksio to kormí. (2x)

Kámpi, vouná ke thálasses féngoune mazí sou

san énas lefkopórfyros méghas naós

Ke trékhi sto naó edhó proskynitís sou (2x)

Arkhéo Pnévma athánato, káthe laós. (2x)

If the anthem is to be performed in English, then the English sung version is used, which has been usually in English-speaking countries. If it is to be performed in a language other than English or Greek, then the original version is translated to the language it is to be performed but in the 2008 Beijing games, Greek was also sung instead of Chinese and in the 2016 Rio de Janeiro games, English was also sung instead of Portuguese. The only Olympic games in which lyrics of the English version were used in translation were the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. [https://web.archive.org/web/20110716031512/http://www.cpo-live.com/main/biography.php?id=12 Donovan Seidle], associate music director during the games, arranged the anthem, translating some of the stanzas to French in recognition of the official bilingualism in Canada.^[2]^[3]^[2]

List of performances at the Olympics

The anthem has been recorded and performed in many different languages, usually as a result of the hosting of either form of the Games in various countries. The IOC doesn’t require that the anthem be performed in either English or Greek. But in the 2008 Olympic opening and closing ceremonies in Beijing, China, Greek was sung instead of the host country's official language, Mandarin. Also in the 2016 Olympic opening ceremonies in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, English was also sung instead of host country's official language, Portuguese.^[3]

Olympics

City

Language Performed

Notes

1896 Summer

Greek

The anthem was performed for the first time at the opening ceremony.

1960 Winter

English

This was the first time that the Olympic Hymn was performed since the Athens 1896 games.

1960 Summer

Rome,
{{ITA}}

Italian

1964 Winter

Innsbruck,
{{AUT}}

date=December 2018}}

1964 Summer

Tokyo,
{{JPN}}

Instrumental (opening)
Japanese (closing)

The anthem was sung in Japanese at the closing ceremony.^[4]

1968 Winter

Grenoble,
{{FRA}}

date=December 2018}}

1968 Summer

Mexico City,
{{MEX}}

Spanish

1972 Winter

Sapporo,
{{JPN}}

Japanese

1972 Summer

Munich,
{{FRG}}

Instrumental

An instrumental arrangement was used during the opening and closing ceremonies.^[5]^[6]

1976 Winter

Innsbruck,
{{AUT}}

Greek (opening)
Instrumental (closing)

In the opening ceremony, the anthem was sung in Greek.^[7] In the closing ceremony, an instrumental arrangement was performed.^[8] In both cases, instead of the third verse, the first verse was performed once again.

1976 Summer

Montreal,
{{CAN}}

Greek

The anthem was sung in Greek.^[9]

1980 Winter

Lake Placid,
{{USA}}

English

1980 Summer

Moscow,
{{URS}}

Russian (opening)
Greek (closing)

The anthem was sung in Russian at the opening ceremony then in Greek at the closing ceremony.^[10]

1984 Winter

Sarajevo,
{{YUG}}

Serbo-Croatian

1984 Summer

Los Angeles,
{{USA}}

English

1988 Winter

Calgary,
{{CAN}}

Greek

The anthem was sung in Greek.^[11]^[12]

1988 Summer

Seoul,
{{ROK}}

Korean

1992 Winter

Albertville,
{{FRA}}

Instrumental

The instrumental version of the anthem was played.^[13]

1992 Summer

Barcelona,
{{ESP}}

Catalan, Spanish, and French (opening)
Spanish and English (closing)

At the opening ceremony, Alfredo Kraus sang the anthem's first two stanzas in Catalan and the rest of the anthem in Spanish and French.^[14] At the closing ceremony, Plácido Domingo sang it in both Spanish and English lyrics.^[15]

1994 Winter

Lillehammer,
{{NOR}}

Norwegian

Sung at both the opening and closing ceremonies by Sissel Kyrkjebø with the Children's chorus.

1996 Summer

Atlanta,
{{USA}}

English

Performed at the Opening Ceremony by the 300 voices of the Centennial Olympic Choir with the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and at the Closing Ceremony by Jennifer Larmore and the Morehouse College Glee Club with the Atlanta Symphony Youth Orchestra.

1998 Winter

Nagano,
{{JPN}}

Japanese

Performed by the Nagano Festival Orchestra and sung by the Nagano City Children's Chorus Group in Japanese.

2000 Summer

Sydney,
{{AUS}}

Greek (opening)
English (closing)

These were the first Olympics until 2018 Winter Olympics in which the anthem was conducted in both languages preferred by the IOC.^[3] At the opening ceremony, performed in Greek by the Millennium Choir of the Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of Australia with the Sydney Symphony Orchestra in recognition of the substantial Greek population of Australia.^[16] At closing ceremony, performed in English by Australian soprano Yvonne Kenny.

2002 Winter

Salt Lake City,
{{USA}}

English

Sung by the Mormon Tabernacle Choir at the Opening Ceremony and by Laura Garff-Lewis at the Closing Ceremony.

2004 Summer

Athens,
{{GRE}}

Greek

In Greek; sung to the arrangement of John Psathas.^[17]

2006 Winter

Turin,
{{ITA}}

Instrumental

At these Olympics, an abbreviated version was performed at both the opening and closing ceremonies.^[18]

2008 Summer

Beijing,
{{CHN}}

Greek

The anthem was sung in Greek at both the opening ceremony and closing ceremony.^[19]

2010 Winter

Vancouver,
{{CAN}}

English and French

This was the only Olympics that the anthem was performed in both of the official languages of the Olympics. This was done to reflect the official bilingualism in Canada.^[3] Measha Brueggergosman at the opening ceremony and Ben Heppner at the closing ceremony sang the first two, the fourth, and sixth stanzas in English and the remainder in French.^[20]

2010 Youth

Greek

The anthem was sung in Greek.

2012 Youth

Innsbruck,
{{AUT}}

Instrumental

The instrumental version of the anthem was played at both opening and closing ceremonies.

2012 Summer

London,
{{GBR}}

Instrumental (opening)
English (closing)

Instrumental version played in the opening ceremony by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Grimethorpe Colliery Band.^[21] Sung in English at the closing ceremony by the London Welsh Male Voice Choir and the London Welsh Rugby Club choir with short lyrics.^[22]

2014 Winter

{{flagicon>RUS}} Russian Federation

Russian (opening)
Instrumental (closing)

Sung in Russian in the same translation as in the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow. It performed by Anna Netrebko with the Sretensky Monastery Male Choir at the opening ceremony. The Instrumental version which also played at the London 2012 Opening Ceremony by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Grimethorpe Colliery Band was used at the closing ceremony.

2014 Youth

Nanjing,
{{CHN}}

Instrumental

The Instrumental version played at the London 2012 Opening Ceremony by the London Symphony Orchestra and the Grimethorpe Colliery Band was used at both the opening and closing ceremonies.

2016 Youth

Lillehammer,
{{NOR}}

Norwegian

A choral version was sung in Norwegian at both opening and closing ceremonies using the same lyrics from the 1994 Winter Olympics^[23]

2016 Summer

Rio de Janeiro,
{{BRA}}

English

The anthem was sung in English at both opening ceremony and closing ceremony by the More Project Youth Choir from Niteroi, a city from Rio de Janeiro Metropolitan Area.

2018 Winter

Pyeongchang,
{{KOR}}

Greek (opening)
English (Closing)

The first Olympics since 2000 Summer Olympics, in Sydney, Australia, and the only Winter Olympics so far in which the anthem was performed in both of the languages preferred by the IOC. It was performed in Greek by Sumi Hwang at the opening ceremony and in English by 11-year-old Oh Yeon-joon at the closing ceremony.

2018 Youth

Buenos Aires,
{{ARG}}

English

Performed by Luna Sujatovich at the Opening Ceremony and by Melina Moguilevsky at the Closing Ceremony.^[24]^[25]

2020 Youth

Lausanne,
{{SUI}}

2020 Summer

Tokyo,
{{JPN}}

2022 Winter

Beijing,
{{CHN}}

2022 Youth

Dakar,
{{SEN}}

2024 Summer

Paris,
{{FRA}}

2026 Winter

Milan,
{{ITA}} or Stockholm,
{{SWE}}

2028 Summer

Los Angeles,
{{USA}}

See also

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OlympicCurriculum/lang4.pdf|title=Olympic Anthem Symbolism| publisher = LA84 Foundation}}
2. ^{{cite AV media|title=Sounds of Vancouver 2010: Opening Ceremony Commemorative Album|medium=CD|date=2010|people=Dave Pierce, Donovan Seidle}}
3. ^¹²³{{cite news|title=More French in Closing Ceremonies, Executive Producer Says|date= 17 February 2010|first=Marsha|last=Lederman|newspaper=The Globe and Mail|page=S1}}
4. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QNKNCwoPzek|title=Tokyo Olympiad Closing Ceremony digest|minutes=4:38-5:14}}
5. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMoYOlRZ2JA|title=Olympische Hymne 72 Olympic anthem 1972}}
6. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b6F93ymdnxY|title=Olympische Spiele München 1972: Schlussfeier}}
7. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7jq-_2JwZ7k|title=Olympic Hymn (Innsbruck 1976)}}
8. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=plCHoB60dCE|title=Olympic Hymn Innsbruck 1976 (closing ceremony)}}
9. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mqfnohB2INM|title=Montreal 1976 Olympics Music - Olympic Hymn}}
10. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rXvtluIihfU|title=1980 Olympic Closing Ceremony – Part IV Olympic Anthem & Extinguishing of the Flame}}
11. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-NyrDDLuf8|title=1988 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony Part 22}}
12. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BvJ61ZAEo4Q|title=1988 Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony Part 23}}
13. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=llDcx9tSHG8|title=drapeau et flamme olympiques / Albertville '92}}
14. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kyA3mxExag|title=Barcelona 1992 Opening Ceremony – Entrance of Olympic Flag – Olympic Anthem}}
15. ^{{YouTube|id=zAJ_mhr6Il0|title=Placido Domingo{{spaced ndash}} Olimpic Closing Ceremony Barcelona 1992}}
16. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z2FZF3Komng|title=The Olympic Hymn}}
17. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dZe1u1xnGrw|title=Olympic Anthem Athens 2004}}
18. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDUfrpoBl9M|title=Olympic Anthem and Torino 2006 Anthem Claudio Baglioni 2006}}
19. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QkRcxj2aA8c|title=Olympics Beijing 2008 – Hasteamento da bandeira olímpica – Pequim 2008}}
20. ^¹{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oxQNQPJmzrc|title=Measha Sings the Olympic Hymn.mp4}}
21. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4As0e4de-rI&t=3h31m28s|title=Opening Ceremony - London 2012 Olympic Games}}
22. ^{{cite AV media|medium=video|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iY6-TEOUwBQ|title=London Hand Over To Rio (Raising Of The Flags) - Closing Ceremony {{!}} London 2012 Olympics}}
23. ^https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BkvUckI-WH8&t=57m48s
24. ^{{cite web |title=Himno olimpico Luna Sujatovich Ceremonia de Apertura Juegos Olímpicos Juventud - #BuenosAires2018 |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TlivI1uD75o |website=YouTube |accessdate=11 November 2018}}
25. ^{{cite news |title=Buenos Aires 2018: Closing Ceremony |url=https://www.insidethegames.biz/articles/1071183/buenos-aires-2018-closing-ceremony |accessdate=11 November 2018 |agency=insidethegames |date=18 October 2018}}

External links

The original score of the Olympic Hymn, transcribed at Wikisource

[https://digital.la84.org/digital/collection/p17103coll10/id/3474/ Philip Barker. The Anthem - Olympism's Oldest Symbol]

A collection of recordings of the Olympic Hymn in various languages