词条 | Omamori |
释义 |
Origin and usageThe word mamori (守り) means protection, with omamori being the sonkeigo (honorific) form of the word, "to protect". Originally made from paper or wood, modern amulets are small items usually kept inside a brocade bag and may contain a prayer, religious inscription of invocation.[1] Omamori are available at both Shinto shrines and Buddhist temples with few exceptions and are available for sale, regardless of one's religious affiliation. Omamori are then made sacred through the use of ritual, and are said to contain busshin (spiritual offshoots) in a Shinto context or kesshin (manifestations) in a Buddhist context.[1]While omamori are intended for temple tourists' personal use, they are mainly viewed as a donation to the temple or shrine the person is visiting. Visitors often give omamori as a gift to another person as a physical form of well-wishing.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}} Design and functionThe amulet covering is usually made of brocaded silk and encloses papers or pieces of wood with prayers written on them which are supposed to bring good luck to the bearer on particular occasions, tasks, or ordeals. Omamori are also used to ward off bad luck and are often spotted on bags, hung on cellphone straps, in cars, etc. Omamori have changed over the years from being made mostly of paper and/or wood to being made out of a wide variety of materials (i.e. bumper decals, bicycle reflectors, credit cards, etc.).[3] Modern commercialism has also taken over a small part of the creations of omamori. Usually this happens when more popular shrines and temples cannot keep up with the high demand for certain charms. They then turn to factories to manufacture the omamori. However, priests have been known to complain about the quality and authenticity of the products made by factories.[3]According to Yanagita Kunio (1969): {{quote|Japanese have probably always believed in amulets of one kind or another, but the modern printed charms now given out by shrines and temples first became popular in the Tokugawa period or later, and the practice of a person wearing miniature charms is also new. The latter custom is particularly common in cities.[4]}}UsageOmamori may provide general blessings and protection, or may have a specific focus such as:[5]
Customarily, omamori are not opened in order to avoid losing their protective benefits. They're carried on one's person, or tied to something like a backpack or a purse. It is not necessary, but amulets are customarily replaced once a year to ward off bad luck from the previous year. Old amulets are usually returned to the same shrine or temple they were purchased at so they can be disposed of properly. Amulets are commonly returned on or slightly after New Year’s. This way the shrine/temple visitor has a fresh start for the New Year with a new omamori. Old omamori traditionally should not be disposed of, but burned, as a sign of respect to the deity that assisted the person throughout the year.{{Citation needed|date=January 2018}} If a shrine or temple visitor cannot find an omamori that meets their need, they can request for a priest to have one made. If enough people request for this same type of omamori, the temple or shrine may start producing them for everyday availability. Modern commercial usesThere are modern commercial versions for these that are typically not spiritual in nature and are not issued by a shrine or temple. It has become popular for stores in Japan to feature generic omamori with popular characters such as Mickey Mouse, Hello Kitty, Snoopy, Kewpie, etc. See also
References1. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Reader|first1=Ian|last2=Tanabe|first2=George J.|title=Practically Religious: Worldly Benefits and the Common Religion of Japan|date=1998|publisher=University of Hawai'i Press|location=Honolulu|isbn=0824820908|page=46}} 2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.sginz.org/assets/documents/Using-the-Omamori-Gohonzon.pdf |title=Using the Omamori Gohonzon |publisher=Soka Gakkai International |date=2010-06-15 |author=General Stone Tiger |accessdate=2017-06-11}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Swanger|first1=Eugene R.|last2=Takayama|first2=K. Peter|title=A Preliminary Examination of the "Omamori" Phenomenon|journal=Asian Folklore Studies|date=1 January 1981|volume=40|issue=2|pages=237–252|doi=10.2307/1177866|jstor=1177866}} 4. ^{{cite book|last1=Kunio|first1=Yanagita|authorlink=Yanagita Kunio|title=Japanese Culture in the Meiji Era Tokyo (Vol. 4)|date=1969|pages=314–315}} 5. ^{{cite web|last1=Jacobsen|first1=Natalie|title=Japanese Lucky Charms: The Guide to Omamori|url=http://www.tokyoweekender.com/2015/05/japanese-lucky-charms-the-guide-to-omamori/|website=Tokyo Weekender|accessdate=2017-01-27|date=2015-05-13}} Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Omamori}}
3 : Amulets|Shinto|Superstitions of Japan |
随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识,基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识,是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。