| 词条 | Afairiguana |
| 释义 |
| fossil_range = Eocene {{fossilrange|52|51}} | image = | image_caption = | taxon = Afairiguana | type_species = {{extinct}}Afairiguana avius | type_species_authority = Conrad et al., 2007 }} Afairiguana avius is an extinct iguanid lizard known from a nearly complete and articulated skeleton discovered in rocks of the Early Eocene-aged Green River Formation of Wyoming, United States. As of the initial description, the skeleton represents the oldest complete iguanian from the Western Hemisphere, and is the oldest representative of the extant iguanid family of anoles, Polychrotidae. DescriptionAfairiguana is based on FMNH PR 2379, a skeleton collected from the Warfield Springs locality of the Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation. It was described in 2007 by Jack Conrad, Olivier Rieppel, and Lance Grande. The type species is A. avius. The genus is a combination of the Ancient Greek word for abstract (afairo) and iguana, while the species name is derived from the Latin word meaning lost (avius), referring to the species' geographic distance from other polychrotids.[1]FMNH PR 2379 is essentially complete, including some cartilaginous elements, but is somewhat weathered. The skeleton is articulated and is preserved on a limestone slab, on which it is exposed in ventral view. It can be distinguished from other iguanians by details of the skull and lower jaw, the form of the ribs, and the location of the autotomy planes in the tail vertebrae (the features that allow tail separation). It was a small animal, with the thigh bones being shorter than {{convert|2|cm|in}} in length. Conrad et al. performed a phylogenetic analysis and found Afairiguana to be a polychrotid iguanian. Upon description, it became both the oldest Western Hemisphere iguanian known from reasonably complete remains, and the oldest representative of a living iguanian family.[1] PaleoecologyAfairiguana is one of several lizards known from the Fossil Butte Member of the Green River Formation. This rock unit represents part of Fossil Lake, the smallest and shortest-lived of three prehistoric lake systems that make up the Green River Formation.[2] The lake sediments include a volcanic ash dating to 51.66 million years ago, during the Early Eocene.[2] The Warfield Springs locality may have been part of a delta system.[1] Fossils are abundant in the rocks of Fossil Lake, and illustrate a diverse assemblage of plants, bivalves, snails, crustaceans, insects, rays, bony fish, salamanders, turtles, lizards, snakes, crocodilians, birds, and mammals.[3][4][5][6][7][8]References1. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last=Conrad |first=J. L. |author2=Rieppel, O.|author3= Grande, L. |year=2007 |title=A Green River (Eocene) polychrotid (Squamata: Reptilia) and a re-examination of iguanian systematics |journal=Journal of Paleontology |volume=81 |issue=6 |pages=1365–1373 |doi=10.1666/06-005R.1 }} 2. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Smith |first=M. E. |author2=Carroll, A. R.|author3= Singer, B. S. |year=2008 |title=Synoptic reconstruction of a major ancient lake system: Eocene Green River Formation, western United States |journal=Geological Society of America Bulletin |volume=120 |issue=1–2 |pages=54–84 |doi=10.1130/B26073.1}} 3. ^{{cite book |last=Oriel |first=S. S. |last2=Tracey |first2=J. I., Jr. |year=1970 |title=Uppermost Cretaceous and Tertiary stratigraphy of Fossil Basin, southwestern Wyoming |publisher=U.S. Geological Survey |location=Reston, VA |series=Professional Paper |volume=635}} 4. ^{{cite journal |last=McGrew |first=P. O. |author2=Casilliano, M. |year=1975 |title=The geological history of Fossil Butte National Monument and Fossil Basin |journal=National Park Service Occasional Paper |volume=3 |url=http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/fobu/index.htm}} 5. ^{{cite book |last=Grande |first=L. |year=1984 |title=Paleontology of the Green River Formation, with a review of the fish fauna (2nd edition) |publisher=Geological Survey of Wyoming |location=Laramie, WY |series=Bulletin 63}} 6. ^{{cite book |last=Breithaupt |first=B. H. |year=1990 |chapter=Early Tertiary fossils and environments of Wyoming: Jackson to Fossil Butte National Monument |pages=57–72 |editor=Roberts, S. |title=Geologic field tours of western Wyoming and parts of adjacent Idaho, Montana, and Utah |publisher=Geological Survey of Wyoming |location=Laramie, WY |series=Public Information Circular 29}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last=Grande |first=L. |author2=Buchheim, H. P. |year=1994 |title=Paleontological and sedimentological variation in early Eocene Fossil Lake |journal=Contributions to Geology |volume=30 |issue=1 |pages=33–56}} 8. ^{{cite book |last=Buchheim |first=H. P. |author2=Eugster, H. P. |year=1998 |chapter=Eocene Fossil Lake: the Green River Formation of Fossil Basin, southwestern Wyoming |pages=191–208 |editor1=Pitman, J. K. |editor2=Carroll A. R. |title=Modern & ancient lake systems: new problems and perspectives |publisher=Utah Geological Association |location=Salt Lake City, UT |series=Publication 26}} External links
7 : Anoles|Eocene reptiles of North America|Eocene lizards|Fossil taxa described in 2007|Polychrotidae|Lizard genera|Prehistoric reptile genera |
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