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词条 African-led International Support Mission to Mali
释义

  1. Casualties

  2. See also

  3. References

{{see also|Operation Serval|EUTM Mali}}{{Campaignbox Northern Mali conflict (2012–present)}}

The African-led International Support Mission to Mali (AFISMA) is an Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) organized military mission sent to support the government of ECOWAS member nation Mali against Islamist rebels in the Northern Mali conflict. The mission was authorized with UN Security Council Resolution 2085, passed on 20 December 2012, which "authorizes the deployment of an African-led International Support Mission in Mali (AFISMA) for an initial period of one year."[1]

Initially, the mission was to begin in September 2013, but after an unexpected advance by the rebel forces in early January 2013 and the subsequent French intervention, ECOWAS decided to immediately deploy the AFISMA forces. On 17 January, Nigeria began deploying air and ground forces to Mali.[2][3] The Nigerian deployment was followed by the arrival of a 160-man contingent from Burkina Faso the following week.[4] The first commander of AFISMA is Nigerian Major General Abdulkadir Shehu.[5]

Meanwhile, the heads of state and government of ECOWAS have endorsed Major General Shehu of Nigeria as Force Commander and Brigadier General Yaye Garba of Niger as Deputy Force Commander.

On January 31, the United States Department of State estimated that there were about 1,400 AFISMA troops from Nigeria, Benin, Togo, Senegal, Burkina Faso and Chad on the ground in Mali.[6]

The following forces have been committed to AFISMA:

CountryPersonnelRemarks
Benin}}
300
Burkina Faso}}
500
Burundi}}
unknown
Cape Verde}}
unknown
Chad}}
1,800[7]
Gabon}}
900
Gambia}}
1 military police platoon and 1 infantry company[8]
Ghana}}
120 - Engineer Company
Guinea}}
144
Guinea-Bissau}}
unknown
Ivory Coast}}
500
Liberia}}
1 platoon[9]
Niger}}
500
Nigeria}}
1,200[10]
 Reportedly includes elements of 333 Battalion.[11]
Rwanda}}
unknown
Senegal}}
500
Sierra Leone}}
500
 'Maintenance battalion' (Xinhua News Agency)[12]
South Africa}}
unknown
Tanzania}}
unknown
Togo}}
500
Uganda}}
unknown
AFISMA Total:
7,464
  • {{flag|Togo}}: One hundred Togolese soldiers arrived in Mali’s capital Bamako on the 18 January.[13]
  • {{flag|Senegal}}: Sixty Senegalese troops were deployed from Dakar to Bamako on 20 January.[14]
  • {{flag|Nigeria}}: On 19 January, two Nigerian Air Force Alpha Jets were deployed from Abuja to Niamey, Niger, where they will be based. In addition, the Nigerian Air Force began deploying Mi-35 helicopters.[15]
  • {{flag|Chad}}: 1,800 Chadian troops secured and started patrolling Kidal in early February.[7]

Casualties

65 soldiers have been killed during the mission: 34 Chadians,[16][17] 28 Nigerians,[18] 2 Togolese[19] and 1 Burkinabé.[20]

See also

  • MINUSMA

References

1. ^https://www.un.org/News/Press/docs/2012/sc10870.doc.htm UN-Resolution 2085 (2012)
2. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21060927|title=Dancing Nigerian troops prepare for Mali combat|publisher=BBC|accessdate=17 January 2013|date=17 January 2013}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201301170615.html|title=Nigeria: Air Force Sends War Planes to Mali Thursday|publisher=This Day|accessdate=17 January 2013}}
4. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/01/24/us-mali-rebels-idUSBRE90M16T20130124|title=Burkinabe troops join French-led push against Mali rebels|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=24 January 2013|date=24 January 2013}}
5. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21029916 | work=BBC News | title=Mali conflict: West African troops to arrive 'in days' | date=15 January 2013}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201301311371.html|title=allAfrica.com: Mali: U.S. State Department Daily Press Briefing: Mali|work=allAfrica.com|accessdate=17 November 2014}}
7. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-africa-21555898|title=Mali conflict: 'Many die' in Ifoghas mountain battle|work=BBC News|accessdate=17 November 2014}}
8. ^{{cite news|title=Gambia: Britain to Train Gambian Soldiers Bound for Mali Mission|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201302041764.html|accessdate=6 February 2013|newspaper=The Point|date=4 February 2013}}
9. ^{{cite news|title=Liberia: Ellen - Liberia Will Send Troops to Mali for Peace Mission|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201301211925.html|accessdate=22 January 2013|newspaper=Heritage|date=21 January 2013}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=Mali army retakes key town from rebels|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/africa/2013/01/2013118122039129487.html|accessdate=18 January 2013|newspaper=Al Jazeera English|date=18 January 2013}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://sunnewsonline.com/new/cover/nigeria-goes-to-war-in-mali/ |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2013-01-19 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130120212709/http://sunnewsonline.com/new/cover/nigeria-goes-to-war-in-mali/ |archivedate=2013-01-20 |df= }}, January 18, 2013
12. ^{{cite web|url=http://en.apa.az/news_int_l_support_mission_for_mali_to_begin__186169.html|title=APA - Int'l Support Mission for Mali to begin operations on Friday|publisher=|accessdate=17 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131004215546/http://en.apa.az/news_int_l_support_mission_for_mali_to_begin__186169.html|archive-date=2013-10-04|dead-url=yes|df=}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.euronews.com/2013/01/18/west-african-troop-reinforcements-arrive-in-mali|title=West African troop reinforcements arrive in Mali|work=euronews|accessdate=17 November 2014}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90777/8100242.html|title=Senegal starts to send troops to Mali|publisher=Xinhua|accessdate=21 January 2013}}
15. ^{{cite web|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201301190265.html?aa_source=useful-column|title=Nigeria: Air Force Deploys Two Alpha Jets to Mali|newspaper=This Day|accessdate=22 January 2013}}
16. ^{{cite news|title=Chad foreign minister warns against early Mali exit| url=http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2013-03-21/news/sns-rt-us-mali-crisis-chadbre92k0s4-20130321_1_adrar-des-ifoghas-gao-fight-against-islamist-rebels|accessdate=21 March 2013|newspaper=Huffington Post| date=7 March 2013}}
17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jeuneafrique.com/Article/DEPAFP20130413153436/|title=War in Mali: the death of a fourth soldier Chad after the attack of Kidal|author=AFP|date=13 April 2013|work=JEUNEAFRIQUE.COM|accessdate=17 November 2014}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://saharareporters.com/news-page/two-killed-four-injured-bomb-attacks-mali-bound-nigerian-troops-okene|title=Two Killed, Four Injured In Bomb Attacks On Mali-bound Nigerian Troops At Okene|work=Sahara Reporters|accessdate=17 November 2014}}
19. ^Guerre au Mali : Au moins 1 mort dans les rangs des Togolais
20. ^http://www.malijet.com/en-direct-du-front/67029-mali-mort-d-un-soldat-burkinabe-lors-de-l-atterrissage-d-un-heli.html

6 : 2013 in Mali|Economic Community of West African States|Peacekeeping missions and operations involving the African Union|Military operations involving Nigeria|Military operations involving South Africa|Northern Mali conflict
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