| 词条 | Om mani padme hum | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|pic = Om-mani-padme-hum 02.svg |piccap = The mantra in Tibetan with the six syllables colored |c = 唵嘛呢叭咪吽 |p = Ǎn mání bāmī hōng |altname3= Karandavyuha Sutra name |c3 = 唵麼抳缽訥銘吽 |p3 = Ǎn mání bōnàmíng hōng |tib = ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པདྨེ་ཧཱུྃ |wylie = oM ma Ni pa d+me hU~M |hangul = 옴 마니 반메 훔 옴 마니 파드메 훔 |rr = Om mani banme hum Om mani padeume hum |kana = オーム マニ パドメー フーム オム マニ ペメ フム |romaji = Ōmu Mani Padomē Fūmu Omu Mani Peme Fumu |san = ॐ मणि पद्मे हूँ |hin = ओं मणिपद्मे हूं |rus = Ом мани падме хум |tyv = Ом мани падме хуң |mon = {{MongolUnicode |ᠣᠧᠮ ᠮᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠳ ᠮᠡᠢ ᠬᠤᠩ}} Oëm ma ni bad mei qung Ум мани бадмэ хум |vie = Úm ma ni bát ni hồng Án ma ni bát mê hồng |tha = โอมฺ มณิ ปทฺเม หูมฺ |tam = ஓம் மணி பத்மே ஹூம் |lang1 = Bengali |lang1_content = {{lang|bn|ওঁ মণিপদ্মে হূঁ}} |lang2 = Nepali |lang2_content = {{lang|ne|ॐ मणि पद्मे हूँ}} |lang3 = Malayalam |lang3_content = {{lang|ml|ഓം മണി പദ്മേ ഹും}} |lang4 = Burmese |lang4_content = {{lang|my|ဥုံမဏိပဒ္မေဟုံ}} òʊɴ ma nḭ paʔ mè hòʊɴ }} {{IAST|Auṃ maṇi padme hūṃ}}[1] ({{lang-sa|ॐ मणिपद्मे हूँ}}, {{IPA-sa|õːː mɐɳɪpɐdmeː ɦũː|IPA}}) is the six-syllabled Sanskrit mantra particularly associated with the four-armed Shadakshari form of Avalokiteshvara ({{bo|t=སྤྱན་རས་གཟིགས་}} Chenrezig, {{zh|觀音}} Guanyin, {{lang-ko|관음}} Guaneum, {{lang-ja|{{ruby-ja|観音|かんのん}}}} Kannon or Kanzeon, {{lang-mn|Мэгжид Жанрайсиг}} {{lang|mn-Latn|Migjid Janraisig}}), the bodhisattva of compassion. The first word Aum/Om is a sacred syllable found in Indian religions. The word Mani means "jewel" or "bead", Padme is the "lotus flower" (the Buddhist sacred flower), and Hum represents the spirit of enlightenment.[2][3] It is commonly carved onto rocks, known as mani stones, or else it is written on paper which is inserted into prayer wheels. When an individual spins the wheel, it is said that the effect is the same as reciting the mantra as many times as it is duplicated within the wheel. {{clearleft}}TransliterationsIn English, the mantra is variously transliterated, depending on the schools of Buddhism as well as individual teachers. Most authorities consider maṇipadme to be one compound word rather than two simple words.[4] Sanskrit writing does not have capital letters and this means that capitalisation of transliterated mantras varies from all caps, to initial caps, to no caps. The all-caps rendering is typical of older scholarly works, and Tibetan Sadhana texts.
MeaningMantras may be interpreted by practitioners in many ways, or even as mere sequences of sound whose effects lie beyond strict meaning. The middle part of the mantra, {{IAST|maṇipadme}}, is often interpreted as "jewel in the lotus," Sanskrit {{IAST|maṇí}} "jewel, gem, cintamani" and the locative of {{IAST|padma}} "lotus", but according to Donald Lopez it is much more likely that {{IAST|maṇipadme}} is in fact a vocative, not a locative, addressing a bodhisattva called {{IAST|maṇipadma}}, "Jewel-Lotus"- an alternate epithet of the bodhisattva Avalokitesvara.[6] It is preceded by the {{IAST|oṃ}} syllable and followed by the {{IAST|hūṃ}} syllable, both interjections without linguistic meaning. Lopez also notes that the majority of Tibetan Buddhist texts have regarded the translation of the mantra as secondary, focusing instead on the correspondence of the six syllables of the mantra to various other groupings of six in the Buddhist tradition.[7] For example, in the Chenrezig Sadhana, Tsangsar Tulku Rinpoche expands upon the mantra's meaning, taking its six syllables to represent the purification of the six realms of existence:[8]
The Karandavyuha SutraThe first known description of the mantra appears in the Karandavyuha Sutra (Chinese: 佛說大乘莊嚴寶王經 [Taisho Tripitaka 1050];[9] English: Buddha speaks Mahayana Sublime Treasure King Sutra), which is part of certain Mahayana canons such as the Tibetan. In this sutra, Shakyamuni Buddha states, "This is the most beneficial mantra. Even I made this aspiration to all the million Buddhas and subsequently received this teaching from Buddha Amitabha."[10] The Karandavyuha Sutra was published in the 11th century, where it appears in the Chinese Buddhist canon.[9] Some Buddhist scholars, however, argue that the mantra as practiced in Tibetan Buddhism was based on the Sadhanamala, a collection of sadhana published in the 12th century.[11] The 14th Dalai Lama says"It is very good to recite the mantra Om mani padme hum, but while you are doing it, you should be thinking on its meaning, for the meaning of the six syllables is great and vast... The first, Om [...] symbolizes the practitioner's impure body, speech, and mind; it also symbolizes the pure exalted body, speech, and mind of a Buddha[...]" "The path of the middle way is indicated by the next four syllables. Mani, meaning jewel, symbolizes the factors of method: (the) altruistic intention to become enlightened, compassion, and love.[...]" "The two syllables, padme, meaning lotus, symbolize wisdom[...]" "Purity must be achieved by an indivisible unity of method and wisdom, symbolized by the final syllable hum, which indicates indivisibility[...]" "Thus the six syllables, om mani padme hum, mean that in dependence on the practice of a path which is an indivisible union of method and wisdom, you can transform your impure body, speech, and mind into the pure exalted body, speech, and mind of a Buddha[...]" —H.H. Tenzin Gyatso, 14th Dalai Lama, "On the meaning of: OM MANI PADME HUM"[12] Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche says"The mantra Om Mani Pädme Hum is easy to say yet quite powerful, because it contains the essence of the entire teaching. When you say the first syllable Om it is blessed to help you achieve perfection in the practice of generosity, Ma helps perfect the practice of pure ethics, and Ni helps achieve perfection in the practice of tolerance and patience. Pä, the fourth syllable, helps to achieve perfection of perseverance, Me helps achieve perfection in the practice of concentration, and the final sixth syllable Hum helps achieve perfection in the practice of wisdom. "So in this way recitation of the mantra helps achieve perfection in the six practices from generosity to wisdom. The path of these six perfections is the path walked by all the Buddhas of the three times. What could then be more meaningful than to say the mantra and accomplish the six perfections?" —Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Heart Treasure of the Enlightened Ones[13] VariationAs Bucknell et al. (1986, p. 15.) say, the complete Avalokiteshvara Mantra includes a final hrīḥ ({{lang-sa|ह्रीः}}, {{IPA-sa|ɦɽiːh|IPA}}), which is iconographically depicted in the central space of the syllabic mandala as seen in the ceiling decoration of the Potala Palace.[14] The full mantra in Tibetan is thus: ཨོཾ་མ་ཎི་པདྨེ་ཧཱུྃ་ཧྲཱིཿ The hrīḥ is not always vocalized audibly and may be resonated "internally" or "secretly" through intentionality. Bibliography
See also
Footnotes1. ^Pronunciation of the mantra as chanted by a Tibetan: Wave Format and Real Audio Format. 2. ^{{cite web |title=Om Mani Padme Hum Meaning and Benefits |url=http://artof4elements.com/entry/54/om-mani-padme-hum |accessdate=13 October 2015}} 3. ^{{cite web |title=Mantras associated with Avalokiteshvara (aka Quan Yin, Chenrezig) in Siddham, Tibetan (Uchen), Ranajana (Lantsa), Elvish, and Klingon|url=http://www.visiblemantra.org/avalokitesvara.html |accessdate=13 October 2015}} 4. ^Lopez, 131. 5. ^{{cite news |title=Biggest Ever Buddist Mantra on a Mountain in Tuva |url=https://en.tuvaonline.ru/2006/09/12/biggest-ever-buddist-mantra-on-a-mountain-in-tuva.html |accessdate=28 October 2018 |work=Tuva-Online}} 6. ^Lopez, 331; the vocative would have to be feminine 7. ^Lopez, 130 8. ^Tsangsar Tulku Rinpoche, Chenrezig sadhana 9. ^1 {{cite book |last = Studholme |first = Alexander |authorlink = |coauthors = |title = The Origins of Om Manipadme Hum: A Study of the Karandavyuha Sutra |publisher = State University of New York Press |year = 2002 |location = |page = 256 |url = |doi = |id = |ISBN = 0-7914-5390-1}} 10. ^Khandro.net: Mantras 11. ^{{cite web |last = Li |first = Yu |title = Analysis of the Six Syllable practice – the relationship between The Six Syllable and Amitabha |url = http://www.cqvip.com/QK/80443X/2003002/8922419.html |accessdate = September 1, 2008}} 12. ^Gyatso, Tenzin. Om Mani Padme Hum 13. ^Dilgo Khyentse Rinpoche, Heart Treasure of the Enlightened Ones. {{ISBN|0-87773-493-3}} 14. ^Bucknell, Roderick & Stuart-Fox, Martin (1986). The Twilight Language: Explorations in Buddhist Meditation and Symbolism. Curzon Press: London. {{ISBN|0-312-82540-4}}, p. 15. Further reading
External links{{Commons|Om mani padme hum}}{{NIE Poster|year=1905|Om Mani Padme Hum}}
2 : Buddhist mantras|Sanskrit words and phrases |
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