| 词条 | Against Equality of Opportunity |
| 释义 |
| name = Against Equality of Opportunity | image = Against equality of opportunity.jpg | author = Matt Cavanagh | country = United Kingdom | language = English | genre = Political philosophy | publisher = Clarendon Press | release_date = | media_type = | pages = 232 | isbn = | oclc = }}Against Equality of Opportunity is a 2002 book by Matt Cavanagh.[1] The work is a critique of the doctrine of equal opportunity. Cavanagh argues against the conventional understanding of equal opportunity, in particular both meritocracy and most substantial interpretations of equality, including the idea of ‘equal life chances’. Instead, he argues for a more limited approach of trying to eliminate specific kinds of discrimination (including race discrimination), together with trying to provide enough opportunities, and help to access them, such that most people have some degree of control over their lives.[2] CriticismAllegations of racismThe book caused some controversy when the author was appointed as an adviser to then Labour Minister David Blunkett when it was revealed that the book argued that it was sometimes rational (in an economic sense) for white employers to discriminate against black applicants[3][4] This led to widespread calls for Cavanagh to be sacked, with questions tabled in Parliament, and the affair rumbled on for a few days. The Guardians letters page carried a balance of letters for and against Cavanagh.[5] Reviews and academic reactionThe book received positive reviews in the Times Educational Supplement[6] The Spectator,[2] and in academic journals including Ethics,[7] Notre Dame Philosophical Review,[8] Theory and Research in Education[9] and Contemporary Political Theory.[10] Other reviews were more mixed, including the London Review of Books,[11] The Independent,[1] Philosophical Books[12] and Political Studies Review[13] and Utilitas, the latter two arguing that the work does not adequately engage other scholarly literature relating to equality of opportunity by authors such as Joel Feinberg or George Sher. References1. ^1 {{cite news |last=Gray |first=John |date=14 February 2001 |title=Against Equality of Opportunity by Matt Cavanagh |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/books/reviews/against-equality-of-opportunity-by-matt-cavanagh-9237176.html |work=The Independent |access-date=21 March 2019}} 2. ^1 {{cite magazine |last=Feam |first=Nicholas |date=16 March 2002 |title=More like a beauty contest |url=http://www.spectator.co.uk/books/19930/part_2/more-like-a-beauty-contest.thtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110504134943/http://www.spectator.co.uk/books/19930/part_2/more-like-a-beauty-contest.thtml |archive-date=4 May 2011 |magazine=The Spectator |access-date=21 March 2019}} 3. ^{{cite news |last=Suroor |first=Hasan |date=23 March 2004 |title=Asian MPs protest `racist' remarks of Blunkett's adviser |url=https://www.thehindu.com/2004/03/23/stories/2004032302561700.htm |work=The Hindu |location=London |access-date=21 March 2019}} 4. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1457399/Labours-black-and-Asian-members-demand-sacking-of-Blunkett-race-adviser.html |location=London |work=The Daily Telegraph |first1=Melissa |last1=Kite |first2=Rajeev |last2=Syal |title=Labour's black and Asian members demand sacking of Blunkett race adviser |date=21 March 2004 |access-date=21 March 2019}} 5. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2004/mar/22/immigrationpolicy |location=London |work=The Guardian |title=Letters: Philosophy and the real world |date=21 March 2004}} 6. ^{{cite magazine |last=Dunn |first=John |date=21 June 2001 |title=Why we should spurn equality and meritocracy |url=https://www.timeshighereducation.com/books/why-we-should-spurn-equality-and-meritocracy/169885.article?storyCode=169885§ioncode=5 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120925080128/http://www.timeshighereducation.co.uk/story.asp?storyCode=169885§ioncode=5 |archive-date=25 September 2012 |magazine=Times Higher Education World University Rankings |location= |publisher= |access-date=21 March 2019}} 7. ^{{cite journal |last=Fullinwider |first=Robert K. |title=Book reviews |journal=Ethics |volume=113 |issue=4 |pages=869-871 |year=2003 |jstor=10.1086/374006}} 8. ^{{cite journal |last=Pojman |first=Louis |date=1 December 2002 |title=Review: Matt Cavanagh – Against Equal Opportunity |url=http://ndpr.nd.edu/review.cfm?id=1041 |journal=Notre Dame Philosophical Reviews |access-date=21 March 2019}} 9. ^{{cite journal |last1=Schrag |first1=Francis |last2=Mclaughlin |first2=T. H. |last3=De Ruyter |first3=Doret |last4=Archard |first4=David |date=1 March 2004 |title=Book reviews |url=https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1477878504040581 |journal=Theory and Research in Education |volume=2 |issue=1 |pages=85-96 |doi=10.1177/1477878504040581 |access-date=21 March 2019}} 10. ^{{cite journal |last1=Knowles |first1=Dudley |year=2003 |title=Against Equality of Opportunity review |url=https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057%2Fpalgrave.cpt.9300060.pdf |journal=Contemporary Political Theory |volume=2 |issue = |pages=131–133 |doi=10.1057/palgrave.cpt.9300060 |issn=1476-9336}} 11. ^{{cite journal |last=Waldron |first=Jeremy |date=19 September 2002 |title=Deservingness |url=http://www.lrb.co.uk/v24/n18/jeremy-waldron/deservingness |journal=London Review of Books |volume=24 |issue=18 |pages=10 |access-date=21 March 2019}} 12. ^{{cite journal |last=Cruft |first=Rowan |date=17 January 2005 |title=Against Equality of Opportunity |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1468-0149.2005.0357a.x/abstract |journal=Philosophical Books |volume=46 |issue=1 |pages=59-65 |doi=10.1111/j.1468-0149.2005.0357a.x |access-date=21 March 2019}} 13. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.politicalreviewnet.com/polrev/reviews/PSR/R_1478_9299_1078_1003296.asp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927225534/http://www.politicalreviewnet.com/polrev/reviews/PSR/R_1478_9299_1078_1003296.asp |archive-date=27 September 2011 |title=Review of "Against Equality of Opportunity" by Matt Cavanagh |last=Mason |first=Andrew |date=4 March 2004 |volume=1 |issue=3 |pages=346-382 |access-date= }} 1 : Egalitarianism |
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