| 词条 | Onega, Russia |
| 释义 |
|en_name=Onega |ru_name=Онега |image_skyline= |image_caption= |coordinates = {{coord|63|55|N|38|05|E|display=inline,title}} |map_label_position=bottom |image_coa=Coat of Arms of Onega (Arkhangelsk oblast) (1780).png |coa_caption=Coat of arms of Onega from 1780 |image_flag= |flag_caption= |anthem= |anthem_ref= |holiday= |holiday_ref= |federal_subject=Arkhangelsk Oblast |federal_subject_ref=[1] |adm_data_as_of=May 2010 |adm_city_jur=town of oblast significance of Onega |adm_city_jur_ref=[2] |adm_ctr_of1=town of oblast significance of Onega |adm_ctr_of1_ref=[2] |adm_ctr_of2=Onezhsky District |adm_ctr_of2_ref=[1] |inhabloc_cat=Town |inhabloc_cat_ref=[1] |inhabloc_type= |inhabloc_type_ref= |mun_data_as_of=March 2012 |mun_district_jur=Onezhsky Municipal District |mun_district_jur_ref=[6] |urban_settlement_jur=Onezhskoye Urban Settlement |urban_settlement_jur_ref=[6] |mun_admctr_of1=Onezhsky Municipal District |mun_admctr_of1_ref=[6] |mun_admctr_of2=Onezhskoye Urban Settlement |mun_admctr_of2_ref=[6] |leader_title= |leader_title_ref= |leader_name= |leader_name_ref= |representative_body= |representative_body_ref= |area_of_what= |area_as_of= |area_km2= |area_km2_ref= |pop_2010census=21359 |pop_2010census_ref=[1] |pop_density= |pop_density_as_of= |pop_density_ref= |established_date=14th century |established_title=First mentioned |established_date_ref=[11] |current_cat_date=August 19, 1780 |current_cat_date_ref=[2] |postal_codes= |postal_codes_ref= |dialing_codes= |dialing_codes_ref= |website= |website_ref= |commonscat= |date=August 2011 }} Onega ({{lang-ru|Оне́га}}) is a town in the northwest of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia, situated at the mouth of the Onega River, a few kilometers from the shore of the Onega Bay of the White Sea. Population: {{ru-census|p2010=21,359|p2002=23,430|p1989=26,070}} HistoryThe Pomor village of Ust-Onega ({{lang|ru|Усть-Оне́га}}) was first mentioned in Novgorodian documents in the 14th century.[2] It was chartered on August 19,{{citation needed|date=August 2011}} 1780,[2] after Pyotr Shuvalov had sold his rights to fell timber to English industrialists who built several sawmills there. Since 1784, Onega was the administrative center of Onezhsky Uyezd. Administrative and municipal statusWithin the framework of administrative divisions, Onega serves as the administrative center of Onezhsky District, even though it is not a part of it.[3] As an administrative division, it is, together with three rural localities, incorporated separately as the town of oblast significance of Onega—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts.[4] As a municipal division, the town of oblast significance of Onega is incorporated within Onezhsky Municipal District as Onezhskoye Urban Settlement.[5] EconomyIndustryThe economy of the town is based on timber industry. There is also production of construction materials.[6] TransportationOnega is a minor port on a bay on the White Sea, which routinely freezes in winter. The town is also served by the Arkhangelsk–Murmansk rail line, which branches off in Obozerskaya railway station from the railroad between Moscow and Arkhangelsk and runs west to Onega and Belomorsk where it joins the railroad between Petrozavodsk and Murmansk. The railroad was built during World War II to secure the transport of goods from the harbor of Murmansk to central Russia. Onega is connected to Severodvinsk by a road. There are no all-seasonal roads on the left bank of the Onega River. The Onega is navigable downstream from the selo of Porog; there is regular passenger navigation. There is also limited passenger service on the Onega Bay. The Onega is served by the Onega Airport which has weekly passenger flights to Arkhangelsk and to the selo of Purnema on the Onega Peninsula. Close to the town, there is also an uncompleted military air base, Onega Andozero. Oil transportIn 2003, the Russian inland oil shipping company Volgotanker started using the White Sea-Baltic Canal for exporting fuel oil. The scheme involved delivering oil by river tanker, over the canal and into a floating transfer terminal near the Osinki Island in the Onega Bay, 36 km north-east of the port of Onega, for transfer to Latvian seagoing tankers. On September 1, 2003, a collision between Volgotanker's Nefterudovoz-57M and the Latvian Zoja-I during such a transfer caused an oil spill. As a result, fines were paid, and the company did not get a permit for similar operations in the following year.[7] As of 2005, plans were in the works, by a different operator (ARM-Nefteservis), to set up oil transfer operations at a floating terminal off Osinki Island again. This time, oil would be delivered by the railway to the Shendunets station nearby, and pumped to the floating terminal by an underwater pipeline. Culture and recreationThe only state museum in the town is the Onega Historical Museum.[8] Kiy Island, offshore from Onega, and the surrounding ice fields were used as the location for filming A Captive in the Land in the winter of 1989–1990. The island is the site of a monastery, the Holy Cross Monastery, which was closed during the era of religious persecution by the Soviets. ClimateOnega has a subarctic climate (Köppen climate classification Dfc). {{Weather box|location=Onega |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan high C=-10 |Feb high C=-7 |Mar high C=-1 |Apr high C=3 |May high C=11 |Jun high C=17 |Jul high C=20 |Aug high C=16 |Sep high C=11 |Oct high C = 3 |Nov high C = -1 |Dec high C = -6 |year high C = 5 |Jan mean C = -12 |Feb mean C = -10 |Mar mean C = -4 |Apr mean C = |May mean C = 7 |Jun mean C = 13 |Jul mean C = 16 |Aug mean C = 13 |Sep mean C = 8 |Oct mean C = 2 |Nov mean C = -3 |Dec mean C = -8 |year mean C = 2 |Jan low C = -16 |Feb low C = -13 |Mar low C = -7 |Apr low C = -2 |May low C = 3 |Jun low C = 9 |Jul low C = 12 |Aug low C = 9 |Sep low C = 5 |Oct low C = |Nov low C = -5 |Dec low C = -11 |year low C = -1 |Jan precipitation days = 26 |Feb precipitation days = 23 |Mar precipitation days = 23 |Apr precipitation days = 19 |May precipitation days = 17 |Jun precipitation days = 17 |Jul precipitation days = 15 |Aug precipitation days = 18 |Sep precipitation days = 20 |Oct precipitation days = 24 |Nov precipitation days = 25 |Dec precipitation days = 28 |year precipitation days = 255 |source 1 = Weatherbase[9] |date=August 2011 }} Notable peopleIll-fated young captain, oceanographer and linguist Alexander Kuchin (1888-1913?), was born in Onega. Bolshevik writer Nikolai Bukharin was exiled to Onega in 1911 and left for Germany in 1912. ReferencesNotes1. ^{{ru-pop-ref|2010Census}} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Энциклопедия Города России|year=2003|publisher=Большая Российская Энциклопедия|location=Moscow|isbn=5-7107-7399-9|page=329}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{OKATO reference|11 246}} 4. ^1 2 Law #65-5-OZ 5. ^1 2 3 4 Law #258-vneoch.-OZ 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.onega.ru/economy/date.htm|script-title=ru:Общие сведения|publisher=МО "Онежский район"|language=Russian|accessdate=August 16, 2011|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928093252/http://www.onega.ru/economy/date.htm|archivedate=September 28, 2011|df=mdy-all}} 7. ^Alexei Bambulyak, Bjorn Franzen. Transportation of oil from the Russian part of the Barents Sea region, as of January 2005 {{ru icon}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.museum.ru/M943|script-title=ru:Онежский историко-мемориальный музей|publisher=Музеи России|language=Russian|accessdate=August 19, 2011}} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather.php3?s=17422&refer=&units=metric&cityname=Mezen%27-Severo-Zapadniy-Fed.-Okrug-Russia |title=Weatherbase: Historical Weather for Onega |accessdate=August 25, 2011}} Sources
5 : Cities and towns in Arkhangelsk Oblast|White Sea|Populated places established in 1780|Arkhangelsk Governorate|Monotowns in Russia |
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